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Basin East Java

The East Java Basin differs from the adjacent NW Java Basin in several ways, including sediment thickness and depositional environments. The basin covers an area of approximately 260,000 sq km and has a geothermal gradient of 39oC/km. Reservoirs in the basin include carbonate reef zones from the Eocene-Oligocene Kujung Formation at depths of around 2700 m, as well as siliclastic reservoirs like the Middle-Late Miocene Ngrayong Sandstone. Hydrocarbon fields in the basin tend to be small, with the average field size being 6 mmbbls. Saline reservoirs like the Ngrayong Formation have potential for CO2 storage. The onshore East Java Basin appears

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107 views4 pages

Basin East Java

The East Java Basin differs from the adjacent NW Java Basin in several ways, including sediment thickness and depositional environments. The basin covers an area of approximately 260,000 sq km and has a geothermal gradient of 39oC/km. Reservoirs in the basin include carbonate reef zones from the Eocene-Oligocene Kujung Formation at depths of around 2700 m, as well as siliclastic reservoirs like the Middle-Late Miocene Ngrayong Sandstone. Hydrocarbon fields in the basin tend to be small, with the average field size being 6 mmbbls. Saline reservoirs like the Ngrayong Formation have potential for CO2 storage. The onshore East Java Basin appears

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A2.2.

2 Basin Overview
The East Java Basin differs from the adjacent NW Java Basin in a number of ways. Some maps
show maximum sediment thickness of 9 km (Hardy et al., 1997). The modal thickness of
sediment in the East Java Basin is 3 km. From the basin's inception in the Eocene, marine or
strongly marine influenced environments of deposition are predominant. The area is
approximately 260,000 sq km. The geothermal gradient is 39ºC/km (Hutchison, 1989).

In the Late Eocene the Cretaceous basement rifted into a series of SW to NE orientated troughs
and ridges. During the late Oligocene and early Miocene the troughs were the focus of deposition
for a thick series of deep marine clastics and limestones. In the middle Early Miocene, the basin
was divided into a northern platform and a southern trough by a shelf edge. The shelf edge
developed along an east-west trend which is still apparent today. (Figure A76).

Figure A76. Tectono-stratigraphic development of the East Java Sea Basin (from
Matthews and Brandsen, 1995).

A2.2.3 Basin Fill


Like other basins along Java and Sumatra there are both siliciclastic and carbonate reservoirs
(Figure A77 and Figure A78).

Carbonate reservoirs important to petroleum exploration are found in the Eocene-Oligocene


Kujung Formation. These are high porosity reef zones on a carbonate shelf and isolated reef
structures enclosed in intraformational mudstone. The parts of this formation targeted by
hydrocarbon exploration lie at around 2700 m.
The main siliciclastic petroleum reservoirs are Middle to Late Miocene Marine Sandstones.
Prominent reservoir is the Ngrayong Sandstone of the Kawengan Group. The Ngrayong
Sandstone can be broadly correlated to the Upper Cibulakan Group in Western Java (Figure
A78). The Ngrayong Formation represents a cycle of regression and transgression. The
regressive section the cycle exhibits facies from shelfal sands through to various forms of debris
flow sands. A subsequent transgression observed as hemipelagic mudstone seals all of these
reservoirs. The facies of the Ngrayong Formation are diverse but excellent reservoir
characteristics are reputed in the Cepu and Tuban areas. There is no reference to the facies
encountered there.

Figure A77. The geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Island of Java and its
adjourning offshore areas (from the Indonesian Petroleum Association Oil and Gas Fields
Atlas IV, piblication date unkown.)

A2.2.4 Hydrocarbon fields


The oil and gas fields of the East Java Basin are quite small. This is no doubt why the basin was
omitted from the USGS World Petroleum assessment in 2000. Nearly all hydrocarbon bearing
structures of note are Pliocene-Pleistocene reverse faulted anticlines.

Average field size is 6 mmbbls. Only field is over 100 mmbbls. Of the others only 4 are over 10
mmbbls in size. Up until 1993 approximately 200 mmbbls were produced from NE Java
(equivalent stored CO2 26.6 Mt).

Gas discoveries onshore have total reserves of only 92 Bcf (equivalent to ~5 Mt of CO2)
Figure A78. The geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Island of Java and its adjoining
offshore areas (from Matthew and Brandsen, 1995).

A2.2.5 Coal Occurrence


Coal occurs in mainly on Sumatra and Borneo. See section 4.2 in the main report for a
discussion of coal occurrence in Indonesia and its relevance to CO2 storage.

A2.2.6 Potential CO2 Storage Options


Hydrocarbon Fields are relatively small in the East Java Basin and do not appear to represent a
large pore space. Discoveries since 1993 may have added some potential. In 2005 a 100+
mmbbl field was discovered in the East Java Basin. This aside, it is apparent pore space
capacity of the fields is very limited.

Storage in saline reservoirs has much more potential. The Ngrayong Formation offers a high
potential regression/ transgression regional play. This play is best expressed in the smaller
onshore portion of the basin. It appears the Middle to late Miocene Marine Sandstones may offer
opportunities particularly the shelfal sands which may from larger bodies. The Kujung Formation
provides carbonate reservoir targets for storage. The extent of these reef facies in the basin is
unclear. No palaeogeography maps where located. From Figure A77 and Figure A78 it is inferred
the reef limestones with good reservoir qualities occur in elongate belts parallel to the east-west
structural trend.

The Ngrayong Sandstone of the Onshore East Java Basin appears to have very good geological
potential. There are local emissions of ~ 10 Mt/yr. The Onshore East Java Basin is 450 km from
the 25 Mt/yr emitted near Jakarta and Bandung.
A2.2.7 References
Hardy, L.R., Muchsin, S., Ichram, L., Samuel, L. and Purmomo, E., Application of Petroleum
System Concept to Reconnaissance Assessments of Mature and Emerging Basins, with
Examples from Indonesia. In: Howes, J V C & Noble, R A (eds.), Proceedings of the conference
on Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia. Indonesian Petroleum Association. Jakarta,
Indonesia , 127-140. 1997.

Matthews, S.J. and Bransden, P.J.E., Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic
development of the East Java Sea Basin, Indonesia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 12[2], 499-
510. 1995.

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