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Decision Making, Thinking and Reasoning: Attention, Memory, Emotions, Language

Cognitive psychology is the study of how the mind controls perceptions, attention, memory, thinking, reasoning, and other mental processes. It examines how sensory information is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, retrieved, and used through tasks that involve interaction between different cognitive processes. For example, looking at digits requires transforming visual input into finger movements to dial a phone number. Memory storage and retrieval are also examined, though memory does not guarantee later recall of information when needed. Early experiments measured reaction times in simple and choice tasks to determine the time required to make a decision.

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106 views2 pages

Decision Making, Thinking and Reasoning: Attention, Memory, Emotions, Language

Cognitive psychology is the study of how the mind controls perceptions, attention, memory, thinking, reasoning, and other mental processes. It examines how sensory information is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, retrieved, and used through tasks that involve interaction between different cognitive processes. For example, looking at digits requires transforming visual input into finger movements to dial a phone number. Memory storage and retrieval are also examined, though memory does not guarantee later recall of information when needed. Early experiments measured reaction times in simple and choice tasks to determine the time required to make a decision.

Uploaded by

naruto710@wu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 1

Cognitive Psychology

What is Cognitive Psychology?


1. Study of how mind controls our perceptions, attention, memory, emotions, language,
decision making, thinking and reasoning
2. Memory: forgot friends book, and constructed where the book was in his room
a. Imagery ability
b. combine with perception to create an image
c. memory engaging perceptual system
3. NOT CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
4. The mind of how a healthy person works
a. All processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated,
stored, retrieved and used
i. Tasks involve INTERACTION

b. SENSORY INPUT:
i. Sensation is the root of cognition
ii. Everything that we know or think about originally got into our heads via
sensation
1. Perception is shaping higher cognitive processes

c. TRANSFORMED:
i. Phoning for pizza requires transforming the features of digits into finger
movements
1. Looking at digits/lines (visual sensation)
2. Transform visual input into finger movements corresponding to
pizza place
ii. Cognitive psychology was influenced by early computers, which also
deals in transformations
d. REDUCED/ ELABORATION
i. Reduction refers to filtering out task irrelevant sensory information
ii. Elaboration refers to adding more information to the sensory input to
perform a task
1. Driving task
e. STORED/RETRIEVED:
i. Memory storage and retrieval are two different things
ii. Memory doesn’t mean that you will be able to retrieve it later when you
need it
f. USED:
i. Task you need to perform determines the contribution of all of these
processes
5. Aristotle (350 bc.)
a. Retention and Recall
b. Retention: retaining previous experiences
i. Encoding of information in memory where it can be used in behavior
c. Recall: using a deliberate act of will to retrieve information from memory
i. Ex: dog cant think back to the last time it played Frisbee

6. Donders (1868):
a. First modern cognitive psychology experiment
i. Studied how long it takes a person to make a decision
b. Reaction time (RT):
i. How long it takes to press a button in a response to some stimulus
1. SIMPLE RT and CHOICE RT
a. SIMPLE RT: person presses button as soon as some
stimulus appears. One stimulus and one button, no
decision or choice
i. Time to detect stimuls + press button
b. CHOICE RT: one button for one stimulus and another
button for another stimulus
i. Two possible stimuli and two buttons; subjects
have to make a choice
ii. Time to detect stimulus + decide what button to
press + press button
iii. EX: Depending on where the light appears, the
person has to press the left or right button

7. DONDERS :
a. CHOICE RT – SIMPLE RT = TIME TO MAKE A DECISION
i. Choice RT= 1/10th second longer than Simple RT
ii. 1/10th sec to make a decision

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