Performance ot

I Laboratory
Fume Hoods

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee February

2, 1995; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors February 2,
1995; and by the American National Standards institute
April 14, 1995.

ASHRAE Standards are updated on a five-year cycle; the

date following the Standard number is the year of ASH-
RAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be
purchased from ASHRAE Customer Services, 1791 Tullie
Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.

01995 lSSN1041-2336

This reomduction made bv Custom Standard. Sewirpt.

310 Miikr Avenue, Ann Arbo,MI-48;o333~~jmc
under royalty agreement No further reproduction is
permitted.

AMERICAN
SOCIETY
OFHEATING,
~ REFRIGERATINGAND
I AIR-CONDITIONING
ENGINEERS,
INC.
1791Tullie Circle, NE l Atlanta, GA30329
 ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 11 O-l 985R
Cognizant TC: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Project Committee Liaison: John M. Talbott

Edgar L. Galson”, Chair Gerhard W. Knutson*

D. Randall Lacey*, Vice-Chair Anatole Mikhnevich
James W. Carty”, Secretaw Michael A. Ratcliff l
Osman Ahmed* Gaylon Richardson*
J. Patrick Carpenter* Gordon Peter Sharp*
Frank H. Fuller Thomas C. Smith*
Daniel Albert Ghidoni* William J. Waeldner
Mark Gibson Jon Zboralski l
Robert Kenneth Haugen*
l Denotes members of voting status when I IO- 1995 was approved for publication.

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMllTEE 1994-95

Harry J. Sauer, Jr., Chair Ronald H. Howell

Max H. Sherman, Vice-Chair Daniel Int-Hout
M. Kent Anderson Elizabeth A. Parke
Herman F. Behls John M. Talbott
W. David Bevirt Michael W. Woodford
Larry 0. Degelman George S. Yamamoto
Allen J. Hanley Grenville K. Yuill
John K. Hodge Lynn G. Bellenger, Ex-0
Peter J. Hoey George A. Jackins, CO
Sally A. Hooks
Jim I. Heldenbrand, Manager of Standanjs

SPECIAL NOTE
This National Voluntary Consensus Standard was developed under the auspices of the American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined as “substantial
agreement reached by concerned interests according to the judgment of a duly appointed authority, after a
concerted attempt at resolving objections. Consensus implies much more than the concept of a single
majority but not necessarily unanimity.” This definition is according to the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) of which ASHRAE is a member. If an ASHRAE Standard has also been approved by ANSI
as an American National Standard, it is marked on the cover with the “ANSI” designation and ANSI approval
date.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated
societies, and public review.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of
writing the Standard. The Project Committee Chairman and Vice-Chairman must be members of ASHRAE;
while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in
the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project
Committees.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a
uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and
installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other
information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and
Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no
claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public
in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not
guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems
tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any
tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

Foreword ............................................................ 1

l.Purpose ........................................................... 2

2.Scope.. ........................................................... 2

3.Defmitions ......................................................... 2

4. Instrumentation and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5. Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . 10

6. Flow Visualization and Velocity Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7. Tracer Gas Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

AppendixA ........................................................... 13

Appendix B-Bibliography ................................................. 16

 (This foreword is not a part of this standard but is The procedure is a performance test method and does
included for information purposes only.) not constitute a pelformance specification. It is analogous to
a method of chemical analysis, which prescribes how to ana-
FOREWORD lyze for a chemical constituent, not how much of that sub-
stance should be present. Another analogy would be a
The performance of a laboratory fume hood in provid- method for measuring airflow; it prescribes how the flow
ing protection for the worker at the face of the hood is should be measured,not how mqch it should be.
strongly influenced by the aerodynamic design of the hood, The desired hood pelformance should be defined as a
the ventilation of the laboratory room, and by other features result of the cooperative efforts of such people as the use<
of the laboratory in which it is installed. Therefore,there is a the chemical hygiene offeel; and the applications engineer
needfor a performance test that can be used in the field to It should be noted that the per$ormancetest does not give a
establish an “as used” performance rating, including the direct correlation between testing with a tracer gas and
influences of the laboratory arrangement and its ventilation operator exposures.Many factors, such as the physical prop-
system. erties of the material, the rate and mode of evolution, the
This standard defines a reproducible method of testing amount of time the worker spends at the face of the hood,
laboratory fume hoods. It does not define safe procedures. and several other factors, must be integrated, by a trained
Howevel; laboratory hoods are consideredby many to be the observe<into a completeevaluation of worker exposure.The
primary safety devices in conducting laboratory operations. performance test does,however;give a relative and quantita-
There are many important factors in the safe operation tive determination of the efficiency of the hood containment
of laboratory hoods that are not described in the standard. under a set of specific, although arbitrary, conditions. The
Theseinclude: same test can be used to evaluate hoods in the manufac-
turer’s facilities under (presumably) ideal conditions or
1. Cross-drafts.Air currents may, by creating turbulent air under somespecified condition of room air supply or during
pockets, draw contaminantsfrom the hoods. Suchcross- the commissioning of a new or renovated laboratory before
drafts could be causedby air supply diffusers or grilles, the user has occupied the laboratory.
open windows or doors, or rapid movementsof people This method consistsof three tests:
in front of the hood.
2. Workprocedures. There is substantial evidence to sug- I. flow visualization,
gest that all work in a hood should be conductedas far 2. face velocity measurements,and
back in the hood as practical. Typically, usershave stan- 3. tracer gas containment.
dardized the requirement that all work should occur at
least 6 inches behind theface of the hood. Howevel; sig- The flow visualization and face velocity tests should
nificantly improvedprotection can be achieved by work- always precede tracer gas testing for a thorough evaluation
ing farther than 6 inchesfrom theface of the hood. of hood performance. Theflow visualization and face veloc-
3. Internal obstructions. The location of too much labora- ity tests can be conducted without the tracer gas test as a
tory equipment (bottles, glass, etc.) in the hood will dis- combination of a quantitative velocity measurementand a
turb airflow patterns into the hood. qualitative evaluation of hood performance. This portion of
4. The procedure being performed. The intrinsic hazard of the standard could be used in the testing and balancing of
the procedure being performed can affect the level of new facilities and periodic tests of many hoods at a large
safety required by the usec facility. Thefull test procedure (visualization, face velocity,
5. Thermal challenge. Heat produced in the hood can and tracer gas) is a quantitative measurementof a hood’s
cause significant disturbance in hood performance and containment ability and is usefulfor hood development and
even cause leakage of warm and possibly contaminated rigorous evaluation of hood pelformance.
air from the top of the hood or from behind the sash. This standard may be used as part of a specification
6. Rate of response.The transient state or interval required once the required control level has been determined. Three
for a variable-air-volume hood to respond to a rapid alternative ratings can be determined,depending on the con-
opening of the sash, or the time interval required for a dition of the test. An “as manufactured” (AM) test would be
hood to respond to a change in static pressure in the conducted at the hood manufacturer’s location and would
main exhaust duct serving multiple hoods, may affect test only the design of the laboratory hood independent of
hood performance. the laboratory environment. An “as installed” (AI) test
would be conductedin a newly constructed or renovated lab-
In short, there are manyfactors to consider in evaluat- oratory after thorough testing and balancing has been com-
ing the safety of a laboratory hood installation. This stan- pleted but before the user has occupied the laboratory.
dard will provide one tool in evaluating such safety. Consequently, the test would include the influences of the
The test presumes a conditioned environment. No test laboratory environment, such as the aerodynamic design of
can be devised that would, conducted once or infrequently the hood, the supply air system, the geometry of the room,
(viz., annually), reflect the results that would be obtained in and the exhaust air system. Thefinal test would be an “as
a unconditioned laboratory with various conditions of win- used” (AU) test in which the investigator accepts the hood
dows, wind velocity, etc. and the condition in which the user has established the hood.

ANWASHRAE 110-1995 1
This includes obstructions within the hood, maladjustmentof 1. PURPOSE
the bafles, thermal challenge within the hood, and otherfac-
tars. The purpose of this standard is to specify a quantitative
If this standard is to be used as part of a specification, and qualitative test method for evaluating the fume contain-
the following criteria must be specified: ment of a laboratory fume hood.

4 Sashdesign position or positions

2. SCOPE
b) Averageface velocity
C) Rangeof face velocities
2.1 This method.of testing applies to conventional, bypass,
4 Averageface velocity for sash at 25% and 50% of the
auxiliary air, and VAV laboratory fume hoods.
design hood opening
Performance rating
2.2 This method of testing is intended primarily for labora-
Sashmovementpeqormance rating tory and factory testing but may be used as an aid in evaluat-
Responsetime for VAVhoods ing installed performance.
Percentageof auxiliary air supply
This standard does not constitute an engineering inves- 3. DEFINITIONS
tigation of what the causesmay befor poor performance or
of ways to improve the performance. The test may, of course, air supply fixtures: devices or openings through which air
be usedas an aid to such an investigation. flows into the laboratory room. For the purpose of this stan-
The testprotocol providesfor the hood sash to beplaced dard, all accessories, connecting duct adapters, or other
at the design opening. Since operation of the hood with the mounting airways shall be considered part of the supply fix-
sash openedmay be beyond the design criteria, it is prudent ture and reported as a unit or assembly. Some specific supply
to also conduct the tests with the hood fully open to test fixtures are defined as follows:
potential conditions of misuse.
A properly designed hood installed in a properly grille: a louvered or perforated face over an opening.
designed laboratory may still be misused. For example, the register: a combination grille and damper assembly.
user may have the hood too full of laboratory equipment or diffuser: an outlet designed to mix supply air and room
may be using the hood for storage space. The possibilities air and to distribute it in varying directions.
are too varied to specify closely. Therefore, the test proce- perforated ceiling: perforated ceiling panels used to
dure is to be conducted on the hood “as is. ” The equipment distribute the air uniformly throughout the ceiling or a
in the hood should be operating normally. portion of the ceiling. Filter pads may be used to achieve
Although the test usesa tracer gas to evaluate the per- a similar result.
formance of laboratory fume hoods, the procedure is valid
when the contaminant is a particulate. Fine dust, small auxiliary air: unconditioned or partially conditioned supply
enough to be of health signtficance, will be carried along or supplemental air delivered to a laboratory at the labora-
with the hood air currents in a fashion similar to the trans- tory fume hood to reduce room air consumption.
port of a gas. However the test is not applicable to opera-
tions where the contaminant is released violently, such as control level: the average measured concentration of gas,
particulate from some types of grinding operations or gases parts of tracer gas per million parts of air by volume (ppm),
from a high-pressure tubing leak. These conditions are that is not exceeded at the hood face with a 4.0 Lpm release
abnormal, and a typical or “standard” laboratory fume rate.
hood is not appropriate for such conditions.
The test may be used to evaluate the performance of an face velocity: average velocity of air moving perpendicular
auxiliary air hoodfor protecting the worker at the hoodface. to the hood face, usually expressed in feet per minute (fpm)
It does not attempt, nor is it intended, to measurethe ability or meters per second (m/s).
of the hood to capture the auxiliary supply air:
Sometimes the performance of the laboratory hood fume hood system: an arrangement consisting of a fume
under dynamic conditions is critical for completeevaluation. hood, its adjacent room environment, and the air exhaust
This test procedure can be modified to evaluate a dynamic equipment, such as blowers and ductwork, required to make
challenge; however; the number of possible variables that the hood operable.
could be testedis beyond a performance test. Specific opera-
tions, such as a pedestrian walking past the hood, laboratory hood face: the plane of minimum area at the front portion of
doors opening, and specific actions at the hood, are only a a laboratory fume hood through which air enters when the
few of the challenges that could be expected at the hood. sash(es) istare) fully opened, usually in the same plane as the
This test method addressesonly the dynamic challenge of sash(es) when sash(es) is(are) present.
sash movement. Variable-air-volume (VAV) hook place a
significant emphasison the sash movementand the potential Lpm: litres per minute.
effecton hood performance. Howevel; someconstant-volume
hoodsmay also experiencea decreasein protection when the laboratory fume hood: a boxlike structure enclosing a
sash is moved. source of potential air contamination, with one open or par-

2 ANWASHRAE 1lo- 1995

 tially open side, into which air is moved for the purpose of For other definitions, refer to Terminology of
containing and exhausting air contaminants, generally used HVAC&R.’
for bench-scale laboratory operations but not necessarily
involving the use of a bench or table. This test presumes a 4. INSTRUMENTATION AND EQUIPMENT
benchtop laboratory hood. Other applications are discussed
i
in Appendix A. 4.1 l’kacer Gas

performance rating: a series of numbers and letters consist- The tracer gas shall be sulfur hexafluoride, or a gas of
ing of the letters AM, AI, or AU and a two- or three-digit similar molecular weight and stability, supplied from a cylin-
number, der capable of maintaining 30 psig (200 kPa [gage]) at the
AM YYY test release rate for at least one hour. The tracer gas release
AI YYY rate shall be 4.0 Lpm. One pound of sulfur hexafluoride will
AU YYY provide 4 litres per minute for approximately 19 minutes at
where AM identifies an “as manufactured” test, AI identifies sea level. (One kilogram of sulfur hexafluoride will provide
an “as installed” test, AU identifies an “as used” test, and 4 litres per minute for approximately 42minutes [70 mL/s for
yyy is the control level of tracer gas established by the test. 40 min] .)
A test rating of AU 0.5, for example, would indicate that the 4.1.1 The tracer gas shall be commercial grade or
hood controls leakage into the laboratory to 0.5 ppm at the reagent grade. Since the detection instrument is calibrated by
manikin’s sensing point with the tracer gas release rate of 4.0 the actual tracer gas, 100% pure gas is not required. Low-
Lpm (70 n&,/s). (This release rate is specified in 4.1.) grade mixtures are inappropriate since they significantly
reduce the limit of detection for the test.
positional sash movement effect: the maximum peak tracer 4.1.2 Substitution of another tracer gas may be made if
gas concentration observed during a series of sash movement the standard tracer gas is deleterious to materials in the hood
tests at one ejector and mannikin position. or laboratory or if there would be significant interference in
the detection of the tracer gas. In such event, the release rate
positional control level: the average tracer gas concentra- provided shall be equal to that of the standard tracer gas and
tion at a position during a test. the detector capabilities shall provide greater sensitivity than
required for the presumed control level of the hood being
ppm: parts of tracer gas per million parts of air by volume. tested.

release rate: the rate of release (Lpm), in actual litres per 4.2 Ejector System
minute, of tracer gas during a hood test. (See 4.1.)
The tracer gas ejector system shall be as shown in Fig-
sash movement effect: the maximum of the positional sash ures l-3 (with I-P units) and Figures 4-6 (with SI units). The
movement effects for all the positions tested on a hood. tracer gas is piped to the ejector, and the ejector is equipped
with a block valve and a pressure gauge. The tracer gas
sash movement performance rating: a series of letters and passes through a critical orifice, entrains air through the
numbers consisting of the letters SME-AM, SME-AI, or holes in the side of the ejector tube, and is distributed
SME-AU and a two- or three-digit number, through a wire mesh outlet diffuser.
SME-AU yyy
SME-AI yyy 4.3 Critical Orifice
SME-AM yyy 4.3.1 The flow rate of the tracer gas is determined by the
where SME means “sash movement effect,” AM means “as upstream pressure and size of the orifice. The size for the
manufactured,” AI means “as installed,” AU means “as orifice using sulfur hexafluoride as tracer gas, at a flow rate
used,” and yyy equals the sash movement effect, ppm. A test of 4.0 Lpm and a nominal upstream pressure of 30 psig (200
rating of SME-AM 10, for example, would indicate that the kPa [gage]), is 0.025 in. (0.64 mm).
peak concentration of tracer gas measured during a sash 4.3.2 The orifice size and pressure will give the approxi-
movement test under the “as manufactured” test, with a mate flow rate of tracer gas; however, the actual flow rate
tracer gas release rate of 4.0 Lpm (as required in 4. l), was 10 must be measured (see 4.3.3). Convert the measured value to
mm. standard conditions: 70’F (20°C) at one atmosphere.
4.3.3 The ejector system release rate shall be calibrated
specified rating: the hood performance rating as specified, within 24 hours preceding a test and each time the orifice
proposed, or guaranteed in either the purchase of the hood, in plate is changed.
the design and construction of the laboratory, or both.
4.4 Detector Instruments
titanium tetrachloride: the chemical Tic14 that generates The detector instrument shall be a continuous-reading
white visible fumes used in preliminary testing in laboratory instrument specific for the tracer gas.
fume hoods. (CAUTION: Titanium tetrachloride is corro- 4.4.1 The range of detection of the instrument shall be at
sive and irritating; skin contact or inhalation shall be least from 0.01 ppm to 100 ppm.
avoided.)
ANSI/ASHRAEllO-1995
 -%
-
--I--

4
ANSVASHRAE 110-1995
 \

‘0
N

‘-
I

ANSUASHRAE 1IO- 1995 5

 r
DRILL 3
EQ, SPAcED
HOLES
ON *4
’ 32
‘)/a
DIA
DIA
THRti,
S.C.

d
d
;
n

.
L-L I
WILL I HOLE 9/32 IA
*2Y1‘4 DEEP. PIPE
TA? ‘/I3 -NPT
SECTION a R-6 LB

SECTIONSC-C b-C
SPOOI
MATERIAL : AWMINUM

.OlO THK

1r
,yD

SECTIO’N.D-D

Figure 3 Ejector details, I-P units.

 P
Y

ANSVASHRAE 110-1995
 DRILL (3) HOL

DRILL (1) HOLE 1.3 DIA THRU

I 25 DRILL THRU

SECTION -A-A

UPPER Norruz BLOCK

MATERIAL : ALUMINUM

1.30 DIA DRILL THRU

NOTES
I. ALL DESIGNATED FINlSHFD WRF.4CEd
TO WAVE 1 MICROMETRE MANMUM
SURFACE ROUGHNESS.
E. CORNER RADII TO BE .Z5mm MAXIMUM
3. TOLERANCES - UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED i 0.05 mm
4 ALL OIMEN’3IONS IN HILLIME-TRES
5. eaek 5lut -l-o Ix oc=rran\u~o Al=-naL
f CAC&IJ\CG ~IA~-&UIAL FDU W.R l-US&.
(4tt lZlTSTp(z TUCaB Dt’l*\L) I= I L)D bLTu*L
0.D O,F pLh41IC TUPL 4 rjopL AUJ~IrJc)Il
UPPFsR Qoxust e>rch Fou Pet+% FIT
oh) 0.D OF 7ue-e.

Figure 5 Ejector upper nozzleblock, SI units.

 DRILL 3 HOLtS
EQ. SPACED ON
7.0
b0
DIA.
DIA.
THRU,
B.C.
(._/
COVER SIDES /TOP
WITU 90 x40 blew,
UIRL VII. 0.0056’

OWLET- DIFFUSER
MATERIAL : GALV STEEL

LOWER NOZZLE BLOCK

MATEHIAL’ ALlJMllJlJM

9.bO
--_------- I
_...
9.40 i==iT
l-i -- +
“‘I-- ’ j--‘D’A
L.H NY.’ I
I
+

SECTION a C-C &ECTOR TUBE

4 c MATERIAL : CLEAR PLASTIC
SPOOI
MATERIAL : ALUMINUM

,PD NOTE I
I. ALL CORNERS TO BE .5Omm R.
C TOLERANCES -UNLESS OTHERWlSE
HOLE DIA. \ SPECIFIED 2 0.05 mm
5. ALL DIMENSIONS 1~ MILLtMETRCS
4. C’ETERMlNh QD. AFTER RECEIVING t-H-r-L
FOR EJECTOR TUBE&X El’ECTc$? TtlbS
i NOTE: HOLE TU BE
GsTh\L~l=lUO hCTlJh.L x.0. OF Ftw5TIC
<i \ I CONCENTRIC
CJO. WITHlti
WITH
f .IOmm TUDt &-ID b\-c6W FOR PIZS5.S FIT
OII OaP. OF OUTLST DlFFUbtu

SEC.TION.D-D

Figure 6 Ejector details, SI units.

 4.4.2 The accuracy of the instrument shall be rtlO% of irritating; skin contact or inhalation shall be avoided. Care
the reading for concentrations above 0.1 ppm and &25% for must be exercised when using titanium tetrachloride to mini-
concentrations between 0.01 ppm and 0.1 ppm. The repeat- mize the effects on the hood.)
ability of the instrument shall be +l% of the reading at 50 4.8.2 Large-Volume Generation A method of provid-
ppm tracer gas concentration. ing a large, visible volume of smoke shall be available. For
4.4.3 The response time shall not exceed 10 seconds for more information, see Appendix A.
90% indication of actual concentration.
4.9 Miscellaneous
4.4.4 The instrument shall not exhaust more than 50
Lpm. Miscellaneous auxiliary equipment, such as a tape mea-
4.4.5 Calibration sure, extension cords, small wrenches, data sheets, or note-
4.4.5.1 The detectors shall be calibrated with a books, shall be provided as needed.
known concentration of tracer gas within 24 hours preceding
a test. The methods for calibration shall be those furnished or 5. TEST CONDITIONS
specified by the detector manufacturer and shall use the
tracer gas as a standard. 5.1 Room Ventilation
4.4.5.2 Verify the detector calibration within 24 5.1.1. General Room ventilating systems, both supply
hours following the hood test. If more than 10% change has and exhaust, including fume hood exhaust, shall be in full
occurred, in the range of 5 to 50 ppm, between calibration normal operation. Airflow systems in the laboratory shall be
and verification, the hood test is void. properly commissioned prior to this test. This includes cali-
bration of airflow controls, calibration of automatic tempera-
4.5 Recorder ture controls, balance of supply air, conduct of a duct
traverse on the exhaust duct and, if used, on the auxiliary air
The strip chart recorder or datalogger shall have accu-
duct, and balance of the total exhaust flow. If the laboratory
racy better than +_0.5%of full scale.
has standard procedures limiting the number of hoods in use
at any one time, the conditions of use corresponding to the
4.6 Manikin
standard procedures shall be established.
The manikin shall be a three-dimensional clothing-dis-
play manikin. It shall be supported so that its height is 67 in.
(1700 mm).+The shoulder height shall be 56 + 1 in. (1420 +-
20 mm) and shoulder width 16 2 1 in. (410 +: 20 mm). The
arms of the manikin shall hang at its side, and the manikin
shall be of reasonably human proportions. The support shall
be so designed as not to interfere with airflow at the hood
while the manikin is positioned as shown in Figure 7. The
manikin shall be clothed in a smock, coveralls, or reasonably
snug-fitting garment typical of laboratory attire or of cloth-
ing requirements for the laboratory or tbe intended hood use.
The manikin geometry shall allow its positioning to be as
described in 7.6.

4.7 Face Velocity Measuring Instruments

Face velocity measurements shall be made with a

recently calibrated mechanical or electrical anemometer.
Refer to AhW/ASHRAE 111-1988, Practices for Measure-
ment, Testing,Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating,
Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Systems.2
The anemometer shall be capable of measuring in the range
Of 50 to 400 fpm (0.25 m/s to 2.0 m/s) with an accuracy of
+5% of the reading.

4.8 Smoke
4.8.1 Local Generation The smoke shall be titanium
tetrachloride smoke. Smoke+generation can be obtained by
means of a plastic bottle containing an ampule of titanium
tetrachloride. When the ampule is broken and the bottle
squeezed, a highly visible plume of titanium tetrachloride is
generated. This smoke can show airflow patterns within the
hood. (CAUTION: Titanium tetrachloride is corrosive and Figure 7 Manikin and ejector position.

10 ANWASHRAE 110-1995

/
 5.1.2 Manufacturer’s Test Laboratory The following 6. FLOW VISUALIZATION AND
additional requirements shall apply when testing in a manu- VELOCITY PROCEDURE
facturer’s test laboratory.

,- 5.1.2.1 The manufacturer’s test lab shall have mini-

mum drafts or crosscurrents. Measured crosscurrents in an
6.1 Flow Visualization

1 area 5 ft (1.5 m) from the face of the hood shall be no greater This test is a visualization of a hoods ability to contain
than 30 fpm (0.15 m/s). vapors. The test consists of both a small local challenge and
5.1.2.2 The manufacturer’s test lab shall have room a gross challenge to the hood. The intent of this test is to ren-
pressurization control capable of measuring and maintaining der an observation of the hood performance as it is typically
a pressure differential of 0.02 in. w.g. (5 Pa) below the static used. Visible smoke is provided by means of a plastic bottle
pressure outside the test room. that contains an ampule of liquid titanium tetrachloride.
5.1.2.3 The manufacturer’s test laboratory shall Once the ampule is broken and the bottle squeezed, the plas-
have the hood volumetric flow measured using ANSI/ tic bottle will release a visible, persistent plume if titanium
ASHRAE 41.2-1987, Standard Method for Laboratory Air- dioxide can be used to visualize airflow. Other sources of
jlow Measurement,3and hood static pressure measured per persistent, neutral buoyancy aerosols could provide the same
ANSVASHRAE 41.3-1989, Standard Method for Pressure visualization of the airflow.
Measurement,4in the center of the exit plane at the top plane 6.1.1 Local Visualization Challenge
of the collar(s). 6.1.1.1 The operation of the bottom air bypass air
foil shall be tested by running the smoke bottle under the air
5.2 Hood Condition foil. Smoke shall be exhausted smoothly and not be
5.2.1 Sash Position The sash or sashes shall be located entrained in the vortex at the top of the hood.
in the design position or positions. 6.1.1.2 A stream of smoke shall be discharged from
5.2.2 Auxiliary Air Hoods If the hood has an auxiliary the bottle along both walls and the floor of the hood in a line
supply, the supply shall be in operation. If the supply is capa- parallel to the hood face and 6 in. (150 mm) behind the face
ble of convenient adjustment by laboratory personnel, the of the hood and along the top of the face opening.
adjustments shall be as specified. 6.1.1.3 A stream of smoke shall be discharged from
the bottle in an 8 in. (200 mm) diameter circle on the back of
5.3 Other Activity
the hood. Air movement toward the face of the hood shall be
General activity shall be maintained in as normal a state defined as reverse airflow, and lack of air movement shall be
_ as possible during an “as used” test. The test shall be con- defined as dead air space. Smoke shall be generated at the
: ducted with the normal hood apparatus in place and operat- work top of the hood and along all equipment in the hood.
ing, except where clearance must be provided for the ejector. All the smoke shall be carried to the back of the hood and
exhausted. Airflow patterns and time for hood clearance
5.4 Background Level
shall be observed and noted.
If air contaminants are present that are sensed by the 6.1.1.4 If there is visible smoke flow out of the
detector as tracer gas at more than 10% of the presumed con- front of the hood, the hood fails the test and will receive no
trol level, use of such materials shall cease until background rating.
readings fall below 10% of the presumed control level or 6.1.2 Large-Volume Visualization Challenge A suit-
until substitution of tracer gas (4.1.2) shall be implemented. able source of smoke or other visual challenge shall be used
to release a large volume in the center of the sash opening on
5.5 Preliminary Data
the work surface 6 in. (150 mm) inside the rear edge of the
5.5.1 A sketch of the room shall be prepared indicating
sash. Some smoke sources generate a jet of smoke that pro-
the location of significant equipment. Minimum data shall
duces an unacceptably high directional component to the
include a general layout of the room and location(s) of the
challenge to the hood (see A-6.1.2 for acceptable methods).
test hood and other hoods.
Care is required to ensure that the generator does not disrupt
5.5.2 A sketch of the air supply system indicating the
the hood performance, leading to erroneous conclusions. It
type of supply fixture (grilles, registers, ceiling diffusers,
must be noted that containment is best observed from the
perforated ceiling, other) shall be made. Other activities in
side of the hood face. A release of smoke from the hood that
the room shall be indicated. Information on the number of
is steady and visible is an indication of failure. Equipment in
other fume hoods and their condition of ,operation is
the hood, such as heating devices and agitators, shall operate
required.
during a test to determine if it contributes to leakage. Air-
5.5.3 The hood type and size, sash configurations, pres-
flow patterns and time for hood clearance shall be observed
ence of an airfoil, beveled entries, sash stops, and position of
and noted.
baffles shall be noted.
55.4 The location of material storage and the amount of
6.2 Face Velocity Measurements
work surface space occupied by materials within the hood
shall be noted. A 1.0 ft2 (300 mm x 300 mm) imaginary grid pattern
5.5.5 The tracer gas detector and the sample rate shall be shall be formed by equally dividing the design hood opening
identified. into vertical and horizontal dimensions. Velocity readings

ANSUASHRAE 110-1995 11
shall be taken with a calibrated anemometer fixed at the cen- background is excessive (see 5.4), corrective procedures
ter of the grid spaces. The anemometer shall be held in the shall be implemented.
plane of the hood sash and perpendicular to the opening.
6.2.1 Face velocities shall be integrated over a period of 7.2 Immediately before each test, the detector function shall
at least five seconds. If an anemometer is used that measures be checked by subjecting the detector to a low concentration
instantaneous point velocities, a minimum of four readings of tracer gas. If the detector does not respond properly, the
shall be taken at each point. hood test shall not be performed until the defect has been
6.2.2 Care shall be taken to stand to the side during mea- corrected. The detector shall at all times be operated in
surement so as to affect the airflow as little as possible. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.2.3 The average of the velocity measurements shall be
7.3 The ejector shall be installed at a test position. For typi-
calculated, and the highest and lowest readings shall be
cal bench-type hoods, three positions are required: left, cen-
noted. ter, and right as seen looking into the hood. The left position
is with the ejector centerline 12 in. (300 mm) from the left
6.3 Test Method for Variable-Air-Volume
inside wall of the hood: center position is equidistant from
(VAV) Fume Hoods
the inside side walls, and right is 12 in. (300 mm) from the
6.3.1 Verification shall be made that the VAV controls
right inside wall. All positions are with the front of the ejec-
have been calibrated as defined by their manufacturer. This tor body 6 in. (150 mm) from the hood face. (See Figure 7.)
shall include calibration and adjustment of controllers, sen-
sors, and VAV supply and exhaust boxes that are part of the
7.4 The probe shall be positioned in the breathing zone of the
system. manikin, with the breathing zone of the manikin 3 in. (75
6.3.2 The sash shall be adjusted to 25% of the design
mm) from the plane of the sash. (See Figure 7.)
hood opening, and the face velocity allowed to stabilize.
Face velocity measurements shall be conducted as defined in 7.5 The detector probe shall be fixed in a position touching
6.2 and results recorded. the face of the manikin in the region of the breathing zone,
6.3.3 The sash shall be adjusted to 50% of the design with the center of the probe 26 in. (660 mm) above the work
hood opening, and the face velocity allowed to stabilize. surface and 3 in. (75 mm) in front of the sash (see Figures 8
Face velocity measurements shall be conducted as defined in and 9). The detector probe shall be attached to the manikin
6.2 and results recorded. or fixed on a typical laboratory ring stand and clamp. Care
6.3.4 The sash shall be opened to the full design hood shall be taken to ensure that any method of attaching the
opening, and the face velocity allowed to stabilize. Face detector probe in the breathing zone of the manikin does not
velocity measurements shall be conducted as defined in 6.2 interfere with the flow patterns around the mannikin or
and results recorded. All measurements shall be recorded. probe.
6.3.5 Average face velocities for all sash positions shall
be compared with design specifications. 7.6 The tracer gas block valve shall be opened.

6.4 VAV Response Test 7.7 Manually or by recorder, the detector readings shall be
6.4.1 For this test, an anemometer must be used that has observed and recorded for 5 minutes with a reading taken at
a display update frequency of at least 1 second and an inter- least every 10 seconds. The positional control level is the
nal time constant of 0.3 seconds or less.
6.4.2 The hood sash shall be closed to 25% of the design
hood opening, and the velocity probe mounted in a secure
stand with the probe in the center of this opening. The probe
shall be properly oriented to detect velocity perpendicular to
the plane of the hood face. The face velocity shall be allowed
to stabilize.
6.4.3 The sash shall be fully opened in a smooth motion
at a velocity between 1.0 ft/s (0.3 m/s) and 1.5 ft/s (0.5 m/s).
Note: The tester shall stand to the side of the hood while
opening the sash. On larger hoods, a tester on either side may
be required. The time it takes from the start of the sash
movement until the sash reaches the top and the time it takes
from the start of the sash movement until the face velocity
reaches and maintains, within lo%, the design face velocity
shall be recorded.

7. TRACER GAS TEST PROCEDURE

7.1 The detector shall be turned on and allowed time to

equilibrate, and room background shall be determined. If the Figure 8 Detector probe position.

12 ANSVASHRAE 1IO- 1995

 within lo%), but for a minimum of two minutes after open-
ing the sash, the sash shall be closed at a rate between 1.0 ft/
s (0.3 m/s) and 1.5 ft/s (0.5 m/s) while continuing to record
the tracer gas concentration. The cycle shall be repeated
three times.
7.12.2 The sash movement effect (SME) is the maxi-
mum peak tracer gas concentr?tion determined in 7.12.1.
The sash movementperformance rating of the hood shall be
recorded as SME-AU yyy, SME-AI yyy, or SME-AM yyy,
where yyy equals sash movement effect, ppm.

8. REFERENCES

1. ASHRAE Terminology of HVACbR, 1991.

2. ANWASHRAE 111-1988, Practices for Measurement,
Testing,Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating,
Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Sys-
tems.
3. ANSZASHRAE41.2-1987, Standard Method for Labo-
Figure 9 Detector position. ratory Airflow Measurement.
4. ANSUASHRAE41.3-1989, Standard Method for Pres-
average of the tracer gas concentrations during the five- sure Measurement.
minute test.

7.8 The ejector and manikin shall be relocated to another test APPENDIX A
position and the measurements shall be repeated for each test
position. The items in this appendix are numbered to correspond
to subsections within the standard for the convenience of the
7.9 The control-level rating of the hood shall be the maxi- standard user. Subject titles have also been provided where
mum of the positional control levels for the three test posi- appropriate. All provisions are to enhance the user’s under-
tions (see 7.3). standing of the subject as well as the standard.

7.10 The performance rating of the hood shall be recorded as A-3 (Air Supply Fizkwes) The list of air suppl; fixtures in
either AU yyy, AI yyy, or AM yyy, where yyy equals control Section 3, “Definitions,” is not intended to be inclusive or
level, ppm. complete. The investigator should describe all the fixtures,
including size and location, throughout the test room.
7.11 With the manikin removed from the face of the hood
and the block valve open to the ejector, the periphery of the A-3 (Laboratory Fume Hood) The test procedure presumes
hood openings shall be traversed with the probe. While a bench-type laboratory fume hood. If other types of labora-
standing away from the face of the hood, the probe shall be tory fume hoods are used, some modification of the test pro-
held 1 in. (25 mm) away from the edge of the hood opening cedure will be required to reflect the departure from the
and moved slowly around each opening at a rate of 3 in. (75 presumed fume hood. For example, the position of the ejec-
mm) per second. The maximum concentration and location tor in the walk-in fume hood must be critically evaluated
observed during the traverse shall be recorded. Care shall be before the performance test is conducted. In many instances,
taken to stand to the side during measurement to affect flow it would not be appropriate to place the ejector on the floor at
as little as possible. the appropriate distance in from the side walls or at the cen-
ter line.
7.12 Sash Movement Effect
A-4.1 (‘Ikacer Gas) Although sulfur hexafluoride is speci-
7.12.1 The manikin shall be located at the appropriate
fied, it may not be possible to use it in some laboratories
test position with the sash at the design opening. The block
without upsetting the operation within the laboratory. For
valve shall be opened and the sash closed. After two min-
example, a laboratory that has been doing trace fluoride
utes, a background level with the sash closed shall be deter-
analyses may not be able to operate while sulfur hexafluo-
mined. If tracer gas is detected with the sash closed, the test
ride is released for hood testing purposes. In such cases, a
shall be terminated until the source of leakage is determined
substitute gas may be appropriate. That gas should be stable,
and eliminated. The sash shall be opened to the design open-
nontoxic, non-odorous, and noncorrosive and able to be
ing in a smooth motion at a velocity between 1.0 ft/s (0.3 m/
detected by the detector at an appropriate low level.
s) and 1.5 ft/s (0.5 m/s) while tracer gas is released and the
tracer gas concentration shall be recorded. The peak levels A-4.1 (nacer Gas Release Rate) If desired, a different
shall be noted. After the system has stabilized (i.e., the face release rate can be established based on knowledge of the
velocity has reached and maintained the design face velocity generation rate in the intended use.

ANWASHRAE 110-1995 13
A-4.1.2 (Tracer Gas Substitution) In some instances, the must be cleaned up. If liquid titanium tetrachloride is used,
tracer gas may have a detrimental effect on the system. For apply masking tape to surfaces before applying titanium tet-
example, for a hood with an activated carbon filter, sulfur rachloride.
hexafluoride may reduce the life of the carbon bed or replace
toxic materials adhering to the carbon, resulting in an unde- A-4.8.2 (Smoke, Large-Volume Generation) There are
sirable release. three generally available methods of generating smoke. Sev-
eral manufacturers provide small smoke candles that gener-
A-4.2 (Ejector System) In some instances, it may be appro- ate copious smoke. It is important that the smoke generated
priate to remotely mount the pressure gage and block valve not have a large directional component. Often it is sufficient
at the cylinder rather than at the ejector. However, since this to place the candle in a coffee can to dissipate this directional
will increase the pressure loss through the line, the calibra- component. A second way to generate smoke is with a theat-
tion of the pressure gage and orifice (4.3.2) should be con- rical smoke generator. A third way is to use dry ice in hot
ducted with the connecting hose or tube in place. water to generate a visible mist; however, this method does
not provide a neutral buoyancy aerosol and may not be suffi-
A-4.2 (Ejector System) The mesh size of the screen influ- cient to demonstrate losses of air from the top of the labora-
ences the plume of gas generated by the ejector. Close adher- tory hood. (See also A.6.1.2.)
ence to the specification is required.
A-5.2.1 (Sash Position, Fully Open) When the design docu-
ments describe a condition other than full-open sash, the user
A-4.3.1 (Critical Orifice) Other tracer gas flow rates may be
may operate the hood with the sash opened beyond the
achieved by modifying the upstream pressure and/or replac-
design condition, resulting in a lower face velocity than
ing the orifice plate.
design. This could reduce the protection provided by the
hood. The hood should be tested with the sashes full open to
A-4.3.3 (Critical Orifice) The flow rate of the tracer gas
determine the effect of the misuse of the hood.
may be measured with a bubble meter. Note: Altitude and
temperature can affect actual flow rate.
A-5.2.1 (Sash Position, Combination Sashes) If the hood
has a combination sash-that is, a vertically sliding sash
A-4.4 (Detector Instruments) In some cases, an alternative
with horizontal panels-the hood should be tested with the
method of collection may be used. An air-sampling pump
vertical sash fully closed and the horizontal sashes adjusted
and a gas bag can be used to collect a sample in the breathing
to provide a maximum hood opening, with the horizontal
zone of the manikin. The air sample can be analyzed by gas
panels positioned to the side opposite the hood from the
chromatography, and this method will determine the average
location of the manikin or to both sides when the manikin is
concentration in the breathing zone of the manikin; however,
located in the center so as to provide the maximum face
it will not show the variation in concentration of the tracer
opening directly in front of the manikin, In addition, the
gas concentration and so considerable information may be
hood should be tested at the same volumetric flow rate with
lost. Moreover, it cannot be used to determine the sash
the vertical sash fully open.
movement effect of the hood.
A-5.2.1 (Sash Position, Variable-Air-Volume Hoods) If a
A-4.6 (Manikin) The standardized manikin is designed for a hood is provided with variable-air-volume control, the hood
standard bench hood. The investigator may use a manikin should be tested at the appropriate sash position or positions
that better represents the uses or special applications. For after the variable-air-volume control has equilibrated to pro-
example, a handicap hood has different dimensions to vide constant volumetric flow. Prior to testing the hood, a
accommodate a wheelchair. The manikin can be modified to velocity profile is required to ensure that the variable-air-
simulate a chemist or technician at the face of the hood. The volume system has adequate capacity to provide the prede-
torso of the manikin can be placed in a wheelchair or the termined face velocity. (See also A-6.4.)
supports can be adjusted to represent the same geometry as
would occur with a wheelchair. The critical value would be A-5.2.1 (Sash Position, Horizontally Moving Sash) If the
the height of the center line of the sensor above the work sur- hood has a horizontally moving sash, the sash should be
face of the hood (24 in. or 610 mm) and the position relative positioned so as to obtain the maximum face opening of the
to the hood opening. In a similar way, the manikin can be hood and so that the sash is remote from the section of the
modified or adjusted to test walk-in or distillation hoods. hood being tested (left, center, or right). (See Section 7.3.)

A-4.7 (Face Velocity Measuring Instruments) It is desir- A-5.3 (Other Activity) The “as used” test is intended to be
able to be able to record the output of the anemometer. For conducted within the hood as it is typically used. The expo-
the dynamic tests, either a strip chart recorder or a datalogger sure to the worker at the hood will be dependent upon a mul-
would be adequate. titude of factors, including such things as the apparatus used
in the hood, the use of heat-generating equipment, whether
A-4.8.1 (Smoke, Local Generation) Liquid titanium tetra- the hood is used as a storage cabinet, whether the equipment
chloride can stain the hood and will produce a residue that forces the worker to conduct this test too far forward, etc.

14 ANSUASHRAE 110-1995
 A-5.5 (Preliminary Data) Adequate data should be taken to that dissipates rapidly, leaving a contaminating residue in the
allow for future interpretation of the test results. The number hood. The output of the fogger or smoke generator can be
of unusual incidences that may occur are too many to be directed into the hood by means of a long hose. This allows
named, but the investigator should be observant and record the investigator to locate the fog or smoke at any desired
- ‘i any unusual situations. location. Since the fog or smoke may have momentum that
)
could lead to an incorrect observation, a diffuser may be
A-5.5.2 (Preliminary Data, Air Supply System Sketches) required to slow the fog or smoke.
In addition to indicating location and type of supply diffus-
ers, attempts should be made to measure the residual veloc- A-6.1.2 (Large-Volume Visualization Challenge, Smoke
ity in the direction of the hood opening and to document from Dry Ice) Dry ice vapor can be used to visualize hood
cross-drafts at the face of the hood. performance while being subjected to various challenges,
such as room traffic and operations within the hood.The
A-5.5.3 (Preliminary Data, Hood Description) Determina-
investigator is encouraged to anticipate the use of specific
tion of the face opening should include the space between
hoods and the peculiarities of installed locations and devise
the airfoil and the work surface.
challenges to test with dry ice.
A-5.5.4 (Preliminary Data, Materials within the Hood)
The location of materials inside the hood, especially in front Dry Ice Procedure:
of the manikin, may affect the control level.
(a) Prepare for the test by weighing dry ice in a beaker and
A-6.1.1 (Local Visualization Challenge) Airflow at the filling a stainless steel bowl with tempered water. The
sides and top of the hood face can be observed by means of a bowl should have a capacity of approximately 3 lures,
plastic bottle containing an ampule of titanium tetrachloride. with a diameter of approximately 20 centimeters. The
When the ampule is broken and the bottle squeezed, a highly bowl should contain one litre of water at 43°C (110°F).
visible plume of titanium dioxide indicates the airflow pat- A 250 mL beaker should be filled with approximately
terns in the hood. Air movement toward the face of the hood 200 grams of dry ice. Texture of the dry ice is important,
is defined as reverse airflow, and lack of air movement is and pellets should be about 0.75 cm in diameter to pro-
defined as dead air space. All the smoke should be carried to vide the proper sublimation rate.
the back of the hood and exhausted. Smoke should be (b) The bowl containing tempered water should be placed
exhausted smoothly and not be entrained in the vortex at the inside the hood and positioned at the center on the face
top of the hood. with the front edge of the bowl 6 inches (15 centimeters)
behind the rear edge of the sash. The sash should be
A-6.1.2 (Large-Volume Visualization Challenge) Smoke fully open.
generation can produce a visible plume in the exhaust duct. (c) The dry ice pellets contained in the beaker should be
It may be necessary to contact the fire department and possi- deposited into the bowl and vapor dispersion observed.
bly the local pollution control authority before discharging Containment is best observed from the side of the hood
large quantities of smoke in the hood. face. A release of vapor from the hood that is steady and
visual is an indication of failure. No release of vapor
A-6.1.2 (Large-Volume Visualization Challenge, Smoke past the face of the hood is considered acceptable.
Candles) Any smoke candle should be ignited within the (d) This test should be repeated while challenging the hood
laboratory fume hood cavity so that the contaminants gener- by moving across the front, reaching into the hood, and
ated within the hood are quickly and efficiently controlled. moving the sash. The bowl should be moved closer to
The lighted candle should be moved about the fume hood the front of the work surface to determine where leakage
work area, and areas near the ends of the hood, on the work is most pronounced. Equipment in the. hood such as
surface, behind the sash, and at the top of the hood should be heating devices and agitators shall be operated during a
checked to verify that there is no reverse flow of air at these test to determine if they contribute to leakage.
locations and that there is no escapefrom the hood enclo-
sure. A-6.2.1 (Face Velocity Measurements) In some hoods,
Some smoke candles generate a jet of smoke that pro- there is considerable variation in the velocity readings at a
duces an unacceptably high challenge to the hood. To reduce fixed position. When the variations exceeds 15%, the range
this directional component, the smoke candle should be of variability should be noted and recorded and the average
placed in a small can, approximately 4 inches (130 mm) in used in the computation of the face velocity. Wide variations
diameter and 6 inches (150 mm) high. The surface of the can might be an indication of room air currents or poor hood
could become warm, so the can should be held by a pair of aerodynamic design that might negatively impact hood per-
pliers, tongs, or a similar device. formance.
The procedure in 6.2 of the standard determines the face
A-6.1.2 (Large-Volume Visualization Challenge, Theatri- velocity of the laboratory hood but does not address the total
_’: cal Fog) An alternative approach to the smoke candle is the- volumetric flow through the hood or the total volumetric
atrical fog or a smoke-generating machine. Both are capable flow requirements at the exhaust fan. Leakage through the
of generating copious visible particulate with reasonable per- bypass, behind the hood sash, through the hood itself, and
sistence and neutral buoyancy. Some fogs produce an aerosol duct leakage can have a significant impact on the total
ANSUASHRAE 110-1995 15
exhaust flow; however, these factors are not addressed in this The detector probe is to be fixed in position and not
test procedure. To determine these values, a volumetric mea- hand held. An investigator holding the probe could cause, by
surement as described in ANSYASHRAE 41.2-1987 (pitot his/her presence, additional disturbance in airflow that may
traverse) would be required. significantly change the hood performance.
When measuring face velocity of an auxiliary air hood, The test procedure places the probe in the breathing
tbe auxiliary airflow changes the face velocity produced by zone of the manikin. Additional information on how the
the hood exhaust. ANSYASHRAE 29.51992, Laboratory hood is performing can be obtained by traversing the face of
Ventilation, states in paragraph 5.11.2, “the face velocity of the hood with the probe or locating the probe, detector, and
the hood shall be determined with the supply air (auxiliary manikin independently.
air) turned off.” When measuring the face velocity of an aux- In the event that the sash is not vertical, the position of
iliary air hood, the condition of the auxiliary air should be the probe and ejector is to be determined from a vertical
noted and recorded. plane starting at the intersection of the sash and the work sur-
faces. The probe and ejector distances from this plane should
A-6.2 (Face Velocity Measurements) Some laboratory be as described in 7.5
hoods are designed with a sash plane that is not perpen-
dicular to the flow of the air. If the ventilation measurements A-7.7 (Detector Readings) A preferable method of collect-
are taken as indicated in 6.2.1 of the standard, there may be a ing the data is with direct input into a computer or datalog-
bias in the readings since many anemometers are sensitive to ger. Such data collection should be at least every second.
the direction of airflow. In such a case it may be necessary to
hold the anemometer perpendicular to the airflow rather than A-7.11 The peripheral traverse data can be used as a diag-
the sash plane. This resulting velocity corresponds to the nostic tool to determine potential leakage points. There is
projected opening of the hood, not the actual opening. significant potential for variation in the traverse results due
to variation in hand held probe positions and speed of
A-6.3 (VAV External Influences) In an “as used” condition, traverse.
it may be advisable to determine the external influence of
other activities on the performance of the VAV controller. A-7.12 (Sash Movement Effects) Since hood performance
Since the laboratory pressure may influence the performance depends considerably on the way a vortex is formed and
of the VAV controller, conduct a tracer gas test while open- shed by the manikin, the effect of moving the sash could
ing and closing the door to the laboratory in such a way that depend on the status of the vortex formation. The result of
the door movement does not cause a fanning action but does each test should be recorded. The resulting rating should be
allow a pressure equalization with the corridor. Observe clearly distinguished from the hood performance rating since
whether the controller modifies the hood exhaust rate and if a VAV hood functions as a constant-volume hood most of the
there is a change in hood performance, Likewise, sash move- time.
ments in hoods connected to the same exhaust system as the
laboratory hood being tested could influence the hood per- (This appendix is not a part of this standard but is
formance. By opening and closing sashes on the other hoods included for information purposes only.)
while monitoring the VAV controller and the tracer gas con-
centration, the potential effect can be determined.
APPENDIX B-BIBLIOGRAPHY
A-6.3.2 (Test Method for Variable-Air-Volume [VAV]
Fume Hoods) The design opening is specified. In many Adams, John B., Jr. 1989. Synthesis-Laboratory fume-
cases it may be reasonable to test the hood with the sash or hoods: Easy, reliable performance evaluation and
sashes fully open. importance of sash design. Journal of Chemical Educa-
tion 66(12): A389-A391.
A-6.4.3 (VAV Response Test) Use of a recording device,
ANSI/AIHA 29.51992, Laboratory ventilation, 1992.
such as a strip chart recorder or a datalogger, will reduce the
ASHRAE. 1991.1991 ASHRAE handbook-HVAC applica-
chance for error during this measurement.
tions, chapter 14, “Laboratories.” Atlanta: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
A-7.3 (Ejector Test Position) For hoods of unusual dimen-
Engineers, Inc.
sions, the location of the ejector may require modifications.
Caplan, K.J., and G.W. Knutson. 1977. The effect of room
Alternative positions are possible and should be clearly iden-
air challenge on the efficiency of laboratory fume
tified in the test report. This becomes especially important
hoods. ASHRAE Transactions 83(l): 141-156.
with hoods of unusual dimensions or sash configurations.
Caplan, K.J., and G.W. Knutson. 1978. Laboratory fume
A-7.5 (Detector Probe Positions) If the detector probe is hoods: Influence of room air supply. ASHRAE Transac-
amenable to it, insert the probe through the back of the head tions 84(1): 552-557.
of the manikin so that the air sampled by the probe enters the Caplan, K.J., and G.W. Knutson. 1978. Laboratory fume
probe through the approximate breathing zone of the mani- hoods: A performance test. ASHRAE Tramactions
kin as shown in Figure 9. 84(l): 511-521.

16 ANSIIASHRAE 1IO-1995
 POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor
environment. ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effects on the
indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and components in their responsibility while
maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted standards and
the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope
do not impact the indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the
standards and guidelines as established by itself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical
committee structure, continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate
and adopt, recommend, and promote those new and revised standards developed by other
responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design
considerations as the material is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its
primary interest and will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible
organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within
the scope of the system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous
materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment
within ASHRAE’s scope operates. However, energy source selection and the possible
environmental impact due to the energy source and energy transportation will be considered
where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by its
members.