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Drinkingwaterquality 120925031300 Phpapp02

This document outlines World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality. It discusses parameters for acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological quality. It provides threshold values for physical parameters like turbidity and chemical constituents like chlorides, hardness, pH and heavy metals. It also addresses bacteriological indicators of contamination, disinfection methods, and biological aspects related to protozoa and helminths. Further, it outlines limits for inorganic and organic constituents and discusses principles for establishing safe drinking water guidelines like tolerable daily intake. The document emphasizes the importance of surveillance functions like water source approval, monitoring programs, and inspection to help provide safe drinking water.

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Saurabh Talwar
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72 views15 pages

Drinkingwaterquality 120925031300 Phpapp02

This document outlines World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality. It discusses parameters for acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological quality. It provides threshold values for physical parameters like turbidity and chemical constituents like chlorides, hardness, pH and heavy metals. It also addresses bacteriological indicators of contamination, disinfection methods, and biological aspects related to protozoa and helminths. Further, it outlines limits for inorganic and organic constituents and discusses principles for establishing safe drinking water guidelines like tolerable daily intake. The document emphasizes the importance of surveillance functions like water source approval, monitoring programs, and inspection to help provide safe drinking water.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Talwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUALITY

 Guideline of drinking water quality


 WHO published- vol 1 1993
vol 2 1996

 Acceptability aspects
 Microbiological aspects
 Chemical aspects
 Radiological aspects
 Physical parameters

 Turbidity- <5 NTU

 Colour - upto 15 TCU

 Taste & odour

 Temperature
 Chlorides- std 200mg/l
max 600mg/l

 Hardness- calcium- 100-300 mg/l

 Ammonia- NH3 & NH4+


upto 1.5mg/l

 pH - 6.5-8.5
<7 -corrosion & incrustation
>8- compromise efficiency of disinfection
 H2S - 0.05-0.1mg/l
 Fe - 0.3mg/l
 Na - 200mg/l
 Total dissolved salts

TDS level <600mg/l [good]


< 1000mg/l [acceptable]

 Sulphate <250mg/l CaSO4 – 270mg/l


MgSO4 – 90mg/l

 Zn 3mg/l

 Mn 0.1mg/l

 Dissolved O2 indirect effects

 Cu 1mg/l

 Al 0.2mg/l
 Bacteriological indicators
 Coliforms- faecal groups -E coli
Non faecal –klebsiella aerogens
 Faecal streptococci - recent faecal pollution
 Clostridium perfringes - remote infection

 Virological aspects
 Cl2 - 0.5mg/l , 30min ,pH - 8
 O3 - 0.2-0.4mg/l , 4min

 Biological aspects
 Protozoa- E.histolytica ,giardia ,balantidium coli
 Helminths –
 Free living organisms – algae , fungi
inorganic constituents
organic constituents

inorganic constituents

arsenic – 0.01mg/l
dissolution of mineral ores ,industrial effluents
cadmium – 0.003mg/l
accumulate in kidney, long T1/2- 10-35y
chromium -0.05mg/l
cyanide – 0.07mg/l
processed cassava ,thyroid and CNS effects
fluoride – 1.5mg/l
dental & skeletal flurosis
production of Al ,manufacture of phosphate fertilizers (4%)
Lead Pb – 0.01mg/l , plumbing systems

placental transfer -12th week and continues


interfere with Ca2+ metabolism, renal tumors
subencephalopathic neurological &behavioural effects

Hg - 0.001mg/l ,target organ- kidney, methylHg- CNS effects

nitrate & nitrite – nitrate- 50mg/l


nitrite – 3mg/l
concent of nitrate + concent of nitrite = < 1
G.value of nitrate G.value of nitrite

selenium Se- 0.01mg/l


ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS UPPER LIMIT OF CONCENT
( microgm/l )
Chlorinated alkanes

CCl4 2
dichloromethane 20
Chlorinated ethenes

Vinyl chloride 55
1.1-dichloroethene 30
1.2-dichloroethene 50
Aromatic hydrocarbons

benzene 10
toluene 700
xylene 500
Ethyl benzene 300
styrene 20
 TDI- tolerable daily intake

 NOAEL- no- observed –adverse- effect level

 LOAEL- lowest- observed- adverse -effect level

 UF - uncertainty factor

 TDI = NOAEL/LOAEL
UF
 GV =TDI x BW x P
C
P=Fract of TDI allocated to drinking water
C=daily drinking water consumption
BW= body wt
 Somatic
 Hereditary

 Stochastic ef fect - carcinogenesis


 Non-stochastic ef fect - severity
 Aim- prevent NSE &reduce probability of SE
 DW- safe limits + reasonably low
 Becquerel- 1 disintegration/sec

 GV- gross alpha activity 0.1Bq/L


gross beta activity 1Bq/L
 Activities in surveillance
function
 approval of new sources
 watershed protection
 approval-construction & operating procedures of WW

disinfection of plant & distribution
system
 periodic flushing programmes & cleaning
 of water storage facilities
 certification of operators
 regulation of chemical substances
 Cross-connection control ,back flow
control ,leaK detection control
 Sanitary surveys
 Monitoring programmes
 Development of codes of practice for well construction ,pump
installation and plumbing
 Inspection quality control in bottled water
Elements of surveillance
programme
 SANITARY SURVEY
 SAMPLING
 BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
presumptive coliform test- MULTIPLE TUBE METHOD
MEMBRANE FILTER TECHNIQUE
Confirmatory tests
 DETECTION OF FAECAL STREP & Cl.PERFRINGES
 COLONY COUNT
 BIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
 CHEMICAL SURVEILLANCE
THANK U

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