GE6161 COMPUTER PRACTICES LAB

LAB MANUAL

Regulation : 2013
Branch : B.E. – All Branches
Year & Semester : I Year / I Semester

GE6161
GE6161 – COMPUTER PRACTICES
PRACTICES LAB

VVIT DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1

 GE6161 COMPUTER PRACTICES LAB

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI

REGULATION - 2013

GE6161 – COMPUTER PRACTICES LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Search, generate, and manipulate data using MS office / Open Office

2. Presentation and Visualization – graphs, charts, 2D, 3D

3. Problem formulation, Problem Solving and Flowcharts

4. C Programming using Simple statements and expressions

5. Scientific problem solving using decision making and looping.

6. Simple programming for one dimensional and two dimensional arrays.

7. Solving problems using String functions

8. Programs with user defined functions – Includes Parameter Passing

9. Program using Recursive Function and conversion from given program to flow chart.

10. Program using structures and unions.

TOTAL PERIODS: 45

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INDEX
SIGNATURE OF THE
S.NO DATE TITLE REMARKS
STAFF
MICROSOFT WORD

1 Creating Advertisement

2 Curriculum Vitae

3 Scientific Notations
Creating Timetable and
4
Conversion
Mail merge and Letter
5
preparation
6 Drawing flowchart

MICROSOFT EXCEL

Spread sheet chart

7
(Line, XY, Bar and Pie)

8 Spread sheet formula editor

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INDEX
SIGNATURE
S.NO DATE TITLE OF THE REMARKS
STAFF
C PROGRAMS

Area and Circumference of the

9
Circle
10 Ternary operator
Finding the roots of quadratic
11
equation
12 Armstrong number

13 Factorial of a number

14 Fibonacci Series
Sum of the digits, Reverse and
15
Palindrome
16 Pascal’s Triangle

17 Matrix Multiplication

18 String Concatenation

19 String Comparison

20 String Copy

21 String Length

22 Payroll processing using Union

23 Employee details using Structure

Call by value and call by
24
reference

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INTRODUCTION

Basic Concepts of C :

C was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell
Labs, and used to re-implement the Unix operating system. It is the most widely used
programming languages of all time. C has been standardized by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) since 1989 and subsequently by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO).

Uses of C language:

Database Systems

Language Interpreters

Compilers and Assemblers

Operating Systems

Network Drivers

Word Processors
Features of C language:
• C is robust language with rich set of built-in functions and operators
• Programs written in C are efficient and fast.
• C is highly portable.
• C is basically a collection of C library functions.
• C is easily extensible.

C Data Types:

Primary Data Types Secondary Data Types

 Character Array

 Integer Pointer

 Float Structure

 Double Union

 Void Enum

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C supports following conditional statements:

(i) if statement
(ii) if else statement
(iii)else if statement
(iv) switch statement
C supports following types of loops:

(i) while loops

(ii) do while loops
(iii) for loops
C Functions:

C function is a self contained block of statements that can be executed repeatedly whenever
we need it.

 Provides modularity.

 Provides reusable code.

 Debugging and editing tasks are easy

 Programs can be modularized into smaller parts

Two types of functions in C:

Built in(Library) Functions

User Defined Functions

C Arrays:

An array is a data structure in C, that can store a fixed size sequential collection of
elements of same data type. There are three types of arrays:

 One-dimensional array

 Two-dimensional array

 Multi-dimensional array

A pictorial representation of the array:

C Strings:
In C, the one-dimensional array of characters are called strings, which is terminated
by a null character ‘\0’.

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Ex. No : 1

Date :

CREATING ADVERTISEMENT
AIM:

To prepare an advertisement for a company with some specifications.

 Attractive page border.

 Use at least one Clip Art.
 Design name using Word Art.
 Use bullets.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open a new word document using File → New option.

Step 2: Go to Page Layout → Page Borders, under the Page border tab choose the
appropriate style and color, etc, and click OK.
Step 3: Go to Page Layout → Page Color, choose the appropriate color.
Step 4: Go to Insert → Clip Art, search for a relevant picture from the collections and
insert it in to the page.
Step 5: Go to Insert → Word Art, choose the appropriate style from the list, type the
company name and click OK.
Step 6: Type the company details in the document and do the following steps for
various styles.
Step 7: For bullets and numbering, select the appropriate style from the menu and
apply to the paragraph.
Step 8: For alignment, select the particular word or statement or paragraph in the
document then press CTRL+L (left) or CTRL+R (right) or CTRL+E (center)
or CTRL+J (justify) or select the relevant button from the formatting toolbar.
Step 9: For bold facing, select the particular word or statement or paragraph then
press CTRL+B or select the on the formatting toolbar.
Step 10: For italic style, select the particular word then press CTRL+I or select the on
the formatting toolbar..
.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the advertisement has been created with some specifications in Microsoft
word successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 2

Date:

CURRICULUM VITAE

AIM:

To create curriculum vitae (CV) of a B.E graduate with the specification.

 Table to show qualifications with heading.

 Left & Right margins
 Page numbers in the footer on the right side.
 Use Watermark.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open a blank document.

Step 2: Type a Bio-data briefly then goto Insert TableInsertTableSelect

number of rows & columnsOk for qualifications.

Step 3: Go to Page LayoutMarginsAssignLeft & Right Margins

Step 4: Go to Insert Page NumbersSelect footer on the right sideOk.

Step 5: Go to Page LayoutWatermarkCustomize text as Bio-dataOk.

Step 6: Save the Document.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the curriculum vitae (CV) has been created with some specifications in
Microsoft word successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 3

Date:

SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS

AIM:

To create a MS-WORD document for the following scientific notation

i. A= + + +

ii. +

iii.

iv.
v. +7 4 +6 o

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open a blank document.

Step 2: Go to InsertEquationInsert EquationSelect the specific

format. For eg , for ,

Step 3: Select for

Step 4: Select for

Step 5: Save the document.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the scientific notations has been created in Microsoft word successfully and
verified.

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Ex. No: 4

Date :

CREATING TIME TABLE & CONVERSION

AIM:

To prepare a class timetable using Merge rows, Split row, Insert rows, columns
and convert the table into text format.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Open a blank document.

Step 2: InsertTableInsert TableSelect No of rows & columnsOk.

Step 3: Select two cells Right click  Merge Cells.

Select one cell Right clickSplit Cell

Select one row Right click InsertInsert One row above or below

Select one column Right click InsertInsert One column left or right

Step 4: Type a Class Timetable with Headings

Step 5: Go to LayoutConvert to textSelect Tabs Ok

Step 6: Save the document as Table and Text Format

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the class time table has been created & table is converted into text in
Microsoft word successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 5

Date :

MAIL MERGE & LETTER PREPARATION

AIM:

To create a WORD document to call letters for an interview using Mail Merge send
to10 candidates

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open a blank document

Step 2: Goto Mailings in Menu  Start Mail merge Letters

Step 3: Type a interview call letter with FROM address and leave some

Space for TO address

Step 4: Goto Select recipients  Type a new list Customize the

Columns Ok

Step 5: Type a 10 address new some fields->Ok->save it

Step 6: Goto Select recipients  Use Existing list open a file ->Ok

Step 7: Under the TO Address insert the Merge fields & preview the results

Step 8: Goto Finish Merge->Edit individual Documents  All Ok

Step 9: Save the document

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the Mail Merge has been created in Microsoft word successfully and
Verified.

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Ex. No: 6

Date :

DRAWING FLOW CHART

AIM:

To create a flowchart in WORD to find the greatest of three numbers

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open a blank document

Step 2: Go to Insert  shapesFlowchart

Step 3: Insert the Correct shapes for Input box, decision box, Calculation box

and Output box

Step 4: Select the box and Right Click  Add Text

Step 5: Use Arrows for Link

Step 6: Save the document

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OUTPUT(FLOWCHART FOR BIGGEST OF TWO NUMBERS):

OUTPUT(FLOWCHART FOR ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION):

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OUTPUT(FLOWCHART TO FIND EVEN OR ODD):

RESULT:

Thus the flowchart has been drawn using Ms-word successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 7
Date :
SPREAD SHEET CHART (Line,XY,Bar and Pie)

AIM:

To create a EXCEL to analyze the marks of the students of a class using various

Chart (Line,XY,Bar and Pie).

ALGORITHM:

Step 1:. Open a Microsoft Excel Worksheet.

Step 2: Place the Cursor on the desired cell and start entering the required

Student details
Step 3: To find the Total and Average using formula (Total = m1+m2+m3)

Average = (Total / 3)

Step 4: Select the table and goto Insert  Chart  Choose one type of

Chart

Step 5: Reselect the table again and Insert  Chart  Choose another

type of Chart. Repeat these steps for all types of charts.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the Spreadsheet charts (Line,XY,Bar and Pie) for students marks has
been created Successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 8
Date :
SPREAD SHEET FORMULA EDITOR
AIM:
To create a spreadsheet to calculate HRA , DA, TA, PF, LIC. Gross Salary , Net
Salary from the below given data

HRA=18% of basic Pay TA=12% of Basic Pay DA=15% of Basic Pay

PF =10% of Basic Pay LIC =7% of Basic Pay Deduction= PF + LIC

Gross Salary = Basic Pay + HRA + DA + TA Net Salary = Gross Salary – Deduction

ALGORITHM:

Step 1. Open a Microsoft Excel Worksheet

Step 2. Type the details about the employees and Basic Salary.
Step 3. For HRA & DA, move to corresponding row & column and assign the

formula =18/100* BS (row & column) For DA , move to corresponding row

& column and assign the formula =15/100* BS (row & column)

. Step 4. For TA & PF, move to corresponding row & column and assign the formula

=12/100* BS (row & column) For PF ,move to corresponding row & column

and assign the formula =10/100* BS (row & column)

Step 5. For LIC & GS, move to corresponding row & column and assign the formula
=7/100* BS,For GS ,move to corresponding row & column and assign the
formula = Basic Pay + HRA + DA + TA
Step 6. Likewise for Deduction and Net Salary
Step 7. Save the ExcelSheet
Step 8. Stop the program

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OUTPUT

RESULT:
Thus the Spreadsheet to calculate HRA , DA, TA, PF, LIC. Gross Salary , Net Salary
from the given data has been created Successfully and verified.

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Ex. No : 9
Date :
AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE CIRCLE
AIM:
To write a C program to find the area and circumference of the circle

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Input the radius of the Circle.
Step 3: Find the area and circumference of the circle using the formula

Area =3.14*r*r

Circum=2*3.14*r

Step 4: Print the area and Circumference

Step 5: Stop the Program

PROGRAM: (AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE CIRCLE)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float r,area,circum;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the radius of the Circle");
scanf("%f",&r);
area=3.14*r*r;
circum=2*3.14*r;
printf("\n Area=%f",area);
printf("\n Circumference=%f",circum);
getch();
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the C program to find the area and circumference of the circle has been created
successfully and verified.

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Ex. No : 10
Date :
TERNARY OPERATOR

AIM:
To write a C program to check the largest number among given two numbers.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the necessary variables.
Step 3: Check if(a > b)
Step 4: If true Print a.
Step 5: Otherwise, Print b
Step 6: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (TERNARY OPERATOR)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
int a,b,big; clrscr( );
printf("Enter the value of a: ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter the value of b");
scanf(“%d”,&b);
big=(a>b)?a:b;
printf("Biggest of the given numbers is %d",big);
getch();
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program for Conditional Statements has been executed successfully and the
output was verified.

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Ex. No : 11
Date :

FINDING THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

AIM:
To write a C Program to find the roots of a Quadratic equation.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start

Step 2: Read the variable a, b, c.

Step 3:Compute d= b*b - 4*a*c.

Step 4: Test the condition, d is greater than 0 using IF statement.

Calculate: r1= (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2*a).

Calculate: r2= (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2*a).

Print the roots r1 and r2.

Step 5:Else, test the condition, d is equal to 0 using IF statement.

Calculate: r1=r2 = -b / (2*a).

Print the roots r1 and r2.

Step 6: Else, compute real and imaginary as

Calculate: real = -b / (2*a).

Calculate imag = sqrt(-d)/(2*a).

Print the real and imag.

Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM: (FINDING THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
float a, b, c, d, r1,r2, real, imag; clrscr();
printf("\nTO FIND THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION");
printf("\nEnter the coefficients a, b and c: ");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
d=b*b-4*a*c;
if (d>0)
{
r1= (-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a);
r2= (-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a);
printf("Roots are: %.2f and %.2f.They are real and
distinct.", r1 , r2);
}
else if (d==0)
{
r1 = r2 = -b/(2*a);
printf("Roots are: %.2f and %.2f. They are real and
equal.", r1, r2);
}
else
{ real= -b/(2*a);
imag = sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
printf("Roots are: %.2f+%.2fi and %.2f-%.2fi. They
are complex.", real, imag, real, imag);
}
getch();
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the C program for finding roots of quadratic equation was executed and output
was obtained.

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Ex. No: 12
Date :
ARMSTRONG NUMBER

AIM:
To write a C Program to check whether the given number is Armstrong or not.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program
Step2: Read the variable N
Step 3: Assign N1=N;
Step 4: Create Set a loop using the condition WHILE(N1!=0), if the condition true
REM=N1%10;
NUM=NUM+REM*REM*REM;
N1=N1/10;
Step 5: Else, check the condition IF(NUM=N), if the condition true
Step6: PRINT “Armstrong Number”
Step 7: Else PRINT “Not Armstrong Number”
Step 8: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (ARMSTRONG NUMBER)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, n1, rem, num=0; clrscr();
printf("\nPRG TO CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NO. IS
ARMSTRONG NO. OR NOT");
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
n1=n;
while(n1!=0)
{
rem=n1%10;

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num=num+(rem*rem*rem);
n1=n1/10;
}
if(num==n)
printf("%d is an Armstrong number",n);
else
printf("%d is not an Armstrong number",n);
getch();
}

OUTPUT:

RESULT
Thus the C program to check whether the given number is Armstrong or not was
executed and the output was obtained.

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Ex. No: 13
Date :
FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER
AIM:
To write a program to calculate the factorial of the given number using functions.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program
Step2: Enter a number.
Step 3: Set a loop to find the factorial of the given no using Fact=fact*i
Step 4: Print the factorial of the given number.
Step 5: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER)

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int fact=1,i,num;
printf("Enter the number");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
}
printf("the factorial of %dis %d",num,fact);
getch();
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the C program to calculate factorial of the given number using function is

calculated successfully and verified.

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Ex. No: 14
Date :

FIBONACCI SERIES
AIM:
To write a C program to find the Fibonacci series of the given number.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1. Start the program
Step 2. Enter the number.
Step 3. Check the number whether the number is zero or not.
If zero print zero value.If not zero go further.
Step 4. Set a loop upto the given number.
Step 5. Assign fib=fib+a; a=b; b=c;
Step 6. Every increment in the loop prints the value of fib.
Step 7. After the execution of the loop, stop the program.

PROGRAM : (FIBONACCI SERIES)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int num,fib=0,a=0,b=1,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number");
scanf("%d",&num);
printf("FIBBONACI SERIES\n");
if(num==0)
printf("0");
else
{
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
fib=fib+a;
a=b;b=fib;
printf("%d\t",fib);
getch();
}
}
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT

RESULT:

Thus the C program to find Fibonacci series of the given number was executed and
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 15
Date :
SUM OF DIGITS, REVERSE, PALINDROME
AIM:
To write a C program to find the sum & reverse of digits and Check is Palindrome or
not

ALGORITHM:
Step 1. Start the program
Step 2. Enter the number.
Step 3. Set a loop upto the number is not equal to zero .
Remnum%10 SumSum+rem Rnum rnum *10 +rem Num num/10

Step 4. After the end of the loop print the sum and reverse no of the digit.

Step 5. Find whether the reverse no is equal to the input number. If equal, then it is

Palindrome.

Step 6. Stop the program.

PROGRAM : (SUM OF DIGITS, REVERSE, PALINDROME)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
unsigned long int a,num,sum=0,rnum=0,rem;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the No:");
scanf("%ld",&num);
a=num;
while(num!=0)
{
rem=num%10;
sum=sum+rem;
rnum=rnum*10+rem;
num=num/10;
}
printf("\n The Sum of Digits %ldis=%ld\n",a,sum);
printf("\n The Reverse %ld is=%ld\n",a,rnum);
if(a==rnum)
printf("\n The Given number is a Palindrome");
else
printf("\n The Given number is not a Palindrome");
getch();
}

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INPUT AND OUTPUT

RESULT
Thus the C program to find the sum & reverse of digits and to check whether it is
Palindrome or not was executed and verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 16
Date :
PASCAL’S TRIANGLE
AIM:
To write a C program to print Pascal’s triangle.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read input n.
Step 3: Create the first loop to print n lines.
Step 4: Check l<= n
Step 5: Create the second loop to generate 40 spaces initially, then reduce
by 40-3*l equation.
Step 6: Check i>0
Step 7: Create the third loop to generate and print digits.
Step 8: Use m=m*(l-j+1)/j to print digits in each line .
Step 9: Stop the execution.
PROGRAM: (PASCAL’S TRIANGLE)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i,j,l,m,n;
clrscr();
printf("How many rows?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\t\t\t\t Pascal’s Triangle\n");
m=1;
for(l=0;l<n;l++)
{
for(i=40-3*l;i>0;i--)
printf(" ");
for(j=0;j<=l;j++)
{
if((j==0)||(l==0))
m=1;
else
m=(m*(l-j+1))/j;
printf("%6d",m);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program has been written to print the Pascal’s triangle and the output was
verified.

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Ex. No: 17
Date :
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

AIM:
To write a C program to perform Matrix Multiplication using array.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare variables
Step 3: Get the rows and columns of two matrices M, N, O, P respectively.
Step 4: Check N is not equal to O, if go to step 10.
Step 5: Set a loop and get the elements of first matrix A[i][i].
Step 6: Set a loop and get the elements of second matrix B[i][j].
Step 7: Repeat the step 6 until i<m, j<p and k<n.
Step 8: Initialize C[i][j]=0 and multiply the two matrices and store the resultant in
C[i][j]= C[i][j]+A[i][k]*B[k][j].
Step 9: Print the resultant matrix C[i][j] and go to step 11.
Step 10: Print the message “Column of first matrix must be same as row of second
matrix”.
Step 11: Stop the program.

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PROGRAM: (MATRIX MULTIPLICATION)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],i,j,k,m,n,o,p;
clrscr();
printf("\nMATRIX MULTIPLICATION\n");
printf("\n-------------------------------\n");
printf("\nEnter the rows & columns of first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("\nEnter the rows & columns of second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d",&o,&p);
if(n!=o)
{
printf("Matrix mutiplication is not possible");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix must be same as row
of second matrix");
}
else
{
printf("\nEnter the First matrix-->");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nEnter the Second matrix-->");
for(i=0;i<o;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<p;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

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}
}
printf("\n\nThe First matrix is\n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n\nThe Second matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<o;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<p;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++) //row of first matrix
{
for(j=0;j<p;j++) //column of second matrix
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
c[i][j]= c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
}
printf("\n\nThe multiplication of two matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<p;j++)
{

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printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program to perform Matrix Multiplication was executed successfully and
the output was verified.

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Ex. No: 18
Date :
STRING CONCATENATION
AIM:
To write a program to perform the string Concatenation using C.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare the variables.

Step 3: Read input str1 and str2.

Step 4: Concatenate the two strings using for loop..

Step 5: Store the concatenated string into str[k]. Print the String
Step 6: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (STRING CONCATENATION)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,k;
char str[10],str1[10],str2[20];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the String1:");
gets(str1);
printf("\n Enter the String2:");
gets(str2);
for(i=0,j=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++,j++)
str[j]=str1[i];
for(i=0,k=j;str2[i]!='\0';i++,k++)
str[k]=str2[i];
str[k]='\0';
printf("\n The Concatenated String is %s",str);
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program to perform String Concatenation is created successfully and the
output was verified.

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Ex. No: 19
Date :
STRING COMPARISON
AIM:
To write a program to perform the string Comparison using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the variables.
Step 3: Read input str1 and str2.
Step 4: Compare the two strings using for loop..
Step5: If the strings are equal then print “Strings are equal”.
Step 6: If the strings are not equal then print “Strings are not equal”.
Step 7: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (STRING COMPARISON)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
char str1[10],str2[10];
printf("\n Enter the String1:");
gets(str1);
printf("\n Enter the String2:");
gets(str2);
for(i=0;str1[i]!='\0'||str2[i]!='\0';i++)
if(str1[i]!=str2[i])
{
printf("\n Strings are not equal");
break;
}
else
{
printf("\n Strings are equal");
break;
}
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program to perform String Comparison is created successfully and the
output was verified.

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Ex. No: 20
Date :
STRING COPY
AIM:
To write a program to perform the string copy using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the variables.
Step 3: Read input str1 and str2.
Step 4: Copy the two strings using for loop..
Step5: Store the string into str2. Print the String
Step 6: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (STRING COPY)

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
char str1[10],str2[10];
clrscr();
printf(" Enter string 1");
gets(str1);
for(i=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++)
str2[i] = str1[i];
str2[i] = '\0';
printf("\n The Input string is %s",str1);
printf("\n The Copied string2 is %s ",str2);
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program to perform String Copy is created successfully and the output was
verified.

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Ex. No: 21
Date :
STRING LENGTH
AIM:
To write a program to find the length of the string using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the variables.
Step 3: Read input str.
Step 4: Find the string length using for loop..
Step5: Print the String length.
Step 6: Stop the program

PROGRAM: (STRING LENGTH)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
char str[20];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the String");
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';++i);
printf("\n The no of characters in the String is %d",i);
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the C program to find length of the string was created successfully and the
output was verified.

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Ex. No: 22
Date :
PAYROLL PROCESSING USING UNION
AIM:
To write a C Program to create payroll processing using union.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the Union Employee with data members such as name, eno, basic
salary, net salary, gross.
Step 3: Get the details of an employee.
Step 4: Enter the employee details such as Name, Emp No and Basic salary.
Step5: Copy the emp.ename to Name by using STRCPY(NAME,EMP.ENAME) and
assign ID=EMP.ENO, BASIC=EMP.BSAL.
Step 6: Calculate HRA=10%*BASIC, DA=35%*BASIC, and TDS=15%*BASIC
Step 7: Calculate GROSS=BASIC+HRA+DA and NET SALARY=GROSS-TDS
Step 8: Print Employee salary details such as Name, Id, Basic, HRA, DA, TDS,
GROSS and NET SALARY.
Step 9: Stop the program.

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PROGRAM: (PAYROLL PROCESSING USING UNION)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
union employee
{
char ename[30];
int eno;
float bsal;
};
void main()
{
union employee emp; char name[30];
int id;
float basic,hra,da,tds,net,gross; clrscr();
printf("\EMPLOYEE PAYROLL PROCESSING\n");
printf("\----------------------------------\n");
printf("\nDETAILS OF THE EMPLOYEE\n\n");
printf("\nEnter the Employee Name: ");
scanf("%s",emp.ename);
strcpy(name,emp.ename);
printf("\nEnter the Employee Id: ");
scanf("%d",&emp.eno);
id=emp.eno;
printf("\nEnter the Basic Salary: ");
scanf("%f",&emp.bsal);
basic=emp.bsal;
hra=basic*.10;
da=basic*.35;
tds=basic*.15;
gross=basic+hra+da;
net=gross-tds;
printf("\n\nSALARY DETAILS FOR THE MONTH\n");
printf("\n-----------------------------\n");
printf("\n\nEmployee Name\t: %s",name);
printf("\n\nEmployee No.\t: %d",id);
printf("\n\nBasic salary\t: %.2f",basic);
printf("\n\nHRA\t\t: %.2f",hra);
printf("\n\nDA\t\t: %.2f",da);
printf("\n\nTDS\t\t: %.2f",tds);
printf("\n\nGross Salary\t: %.2f",gross);
printf("\n\nNet Salary\t: %.2f",net);
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT
Thus a C program to implement the payroll processing using union was executed and
the output was obtained

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Ex. No: 23
Date :
EMPLOYEE DETAILS USING STRUCTURE
AIM:
To write a C program to print the employee details of employees using structure.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the variables using structure.
Step 3: Read total number of employees n.
Step 4: Read e[i].eno.e[i].ename,e[i].salary
Step5: Print e[i].eno.e[i].ename,e[i].salary
Step 6: Stop the program

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PROGRAM: (EMPLOYEE DETAILS USING STRUCTURE)

#include<conio.h>
struct emp
{
int eno;
char ename[10];
int salary;
} e[10];
void main()
{
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Upper limit:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter employee details:\n");
printf("Enter the EmployeeNo,Name and
Salary:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d%s%d",&e[i].eno,e[i].ename,&e[i].salary
);
printf("\n");
printf("Employee details are \n\n");
printf("Employee Id \t Employee Name \t
Salary\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t\t%s\t\t%d\n",e[i].eno,e[i].ename,e[
i].salary);
getch();
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT

Thus the program to print the employee details using structure is created successfully
and the output was verified.

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Ex. No: 24
Date :

CALL BY VALUE AND CALL BY REFERENCE

AIM:
To write a C program to swap two numbers using pointers.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Declare the two pointer variables.
Step 3: Get the value for both the variables.
Step 4: Swap the values.
Step5: Print the result.
Step 6: Stop the program

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PROGRAM: (CALL BY VALUE AND CALL BY REFERENCE)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int,int);
void swap1(int*,int*);
void main()
{
int a,b,c,d;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the values of a and b:= ");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("Enter the values of c and d:= ");
scanf("%d %d",&c,&d);
printf("\n BEFORE SWAPPING : ");
printf("\n The value of a and b is : %d\t %d ",a,b);
printf("\n The value of c and d is : %d\t %d ",c,d);
printf("\n AFTER SWAPPING : ");
swap(a,b);
swap1(&c,&d);
printf("\n Method is:-Call by Value");
printf("\n **************************");
printf("\n The value of a and b is : %d\t %d",a,b);
printf("\n Method is:-Call by Address or Reference");
printf("\n ***************************");
printf("\n The value of c and d is : %d\t %d",c,d);
getch();
}
void swap(int c,int d)
{
int t;
t=c;
c=d;
d=t;
}
void swap1(int *a,int *b)
{
int t;
t=*a;
*a=*b;
*b=t;
}

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OUTPUT:

RESULT
Thus, the given program has been executed successfully and the output was verified.

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