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Cisco Ccna Last Minute Revision

This document provides a review of key concepts for the Cisco CCNA exam, including: - Ethernet frame sizes, ISL frame encapsulation, and fiber vs copper media types. - Spanning Tree Protocol concepts like BPDUs, forward delay time, and root bridge selection. - ISDN protocols, reference points, and channel configurations for BRI and PRI. - IPX addressing and Novell routing protocols like RIP and NLSP. - Common port numbers for protocols like FTP, SMTP, DNS, and HTTP. - IP addressing class types and reserved addresses like loopback and multicasting.

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Rakesh Rakee
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74 views

Cisco Ccna Last Minute Revision

This document provides a review of key concepts for the Cisco CCNA exam, including: - Ethernet frame sizes, ISL frame encapsulation, and fiber vs copper media types. - Spanning Tree Protocol concepts like BPDUs, forward delay time, and root bridge selection. - ISDN protocols, reference points, and channel configurations for BRI and PRI. - IPX addressing and Novell routing protocols like RIP and NLSP. - Common port numbers for protocols like FTP, SMTP, DNS, and HTTP. - IP addressing class types and reserved addresses like loopback and multicasting.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Rakee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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400-101

Cisco Ccna Last Minute Revision


 Ctrl+Shift+6 then X - Allows you to open more than one telnet session.
 Only the Hardware addresses change when packets go through routers.
 Half duplex Ethernet - One station can only send or receive at any time.
 Ethernet Frame - 64bytes Min 1518bytes Maximum.
 ISL frames are 1522bytes long, this can be mistaken for Giants and lost.
Have to use ISL NIC cards. On router interface use 'encapsulation isl 2'
to use ISL frames on VLAN 2.
 FX and SX are fibre media, 100VG-AnyLAN is twisted pair copper
media.
 Spanning Tree is IEEE 802.1d - created by DEC (Digital Equipment
Corp).
 BPDUs are Multicast frames, sent every 2 seconds. Blocked ports still
receive BDPUs.
 Forward delay - Time taken from listening to learning (approx 50
seconds)
 Default IEEE bridge priority 32,768, used to select root bridge. If these
are identical then switch with lowest MAC address is used.
 ISDN Protocols - E = Telephone network standards, I = Concepts,
Terminology, Q = Switching, Signalling methods.
 ISDN Reference Points - R = non-ISDN device and TA, S/T = references
point between NT1 and NT2, U = NT1 and ISDN network (US only)
 TE1 = Device compatible with ISDN, TE2 = Device NOT compatible
with ISDN, TA = Converts non ISDN signals to ISDN signals, NT1 =
Converts 4 wires into 2 wire local loop, NT2 = Providers equipment
(Switch, PBX)
 BRI - 2 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 16kbps (D-channel - LAPD)
 PRI (Europe, Aus) - 30 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 64kbps
(20.48Mbps)
 PRI (EUS, Japan) - 23 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 64kbps
(1.544Mbps)
 ISDN supports IP, IPX, Appletalk...
 ISDN can use PPP, HDLC, LAPD, each B-channel needs a SPID
 Use static routes for ISDN otherwise it will keep link open.
 MAC address 48 bits (12 Hex), IPX address 80 bits.
 Netware 3.11 (1983-) - ethernet_802.3/novell-ether (Cisco default on
Ethernet networks), Netware 3.12 or later (1985-) - Ethernet_802.2/sap -
includes LLC, Ethernet_II - arpa, Ethernet_SNAP - snap, Netware 4.11 -
use sap, Netware 5 uses IP
 Novell RIP - Metrics = ticks and hops (15 max), 60 sec updates (tick =
55ms / 1/18 sec)
 Novell 4.11 > uses NLSP (Netware Link Service Protocol) Link State
Routing
 SAP - Updates 60 Secs - 4 = Netware file server, 7 = Print server, 24 =
Remote bridge server

 Ping Responses - U = unreachable, C = congestion, I = user interrupt,? =


unknown packet type, & = lifetime exceeded
 Trace Responses - N = Network unreachable, !H = Not forwarded due to
ACL restriction, P = Protocol unreachable, U = Port could not be
reached
 Ethernet 5-4-3 rule = Between 2 nodes there can only be max 5 segments,
4 repeaters and only 3 segments must have users.
 80/20 rule - 80% of traffic should be local 20% across backbone
 Class 1 repeater (translational) - delay 140 secs, number you can use 1
 Class 2 repeater (transparent) - delay 92 secs, number you can use 2
 CSMA/CD - Used on half duplex devices
 Auto-negotiate on FastEthernet checks link speed and duplex of line.
 Protocol field in IP header - TCP = 6, UDP = 17, ICMP = 1, IGRP = 9
 Ports - 20 FTP data, 21 FTP program, 23 - telnet, 25 - SMTP, 69 - TFTP,
53 - DNS, 80 - HTTP
 Loopback address - 127.0.0.1
 ACL - Standard ACL as close to destination as possible, Extended ACL
as close to source as possible
 IP = 1-99, Ex IP = 100-199, AppleTalk = 600-699, IPX = 800-899, Ex
IPX = 900-999, IPX SAP = 1000-1099
 Remember that there is an explicit ACL of 'deny all' if no statements
match.
 Multiprotocol routing supports more than one routing protocol, allows a
router to deliver packets from several routed protocols.
 Core Layer - High speed switching - free from filtering or anything which
will slow packets etc.
 Distribution Layer - Packet manipulation, address area segregation,
broadcast domains, VLANs, security (ROUTERS), WAN access,
queuing, firewalls, multicast domains, ACLs
 Access Layer - End users, ACL/filters, remote access, shared bandwidth
(SWITCHES), segmentation, DDR
 HSSI - 52Mbps max
 ATM cell size - 53bytes
 Cisco LMI - DLCI - 16-1007, ANSI LMI - DLCI 16-992 (DLCI = 10bits)
 LMI is a special DLCI = 1023
 LMI Multicasting reserved for 1019-1022
 LMI extensions - Virtual circuit status, multicasting, global addressing,
simple flow control
 LMI types Cisco (default), ansi, q933a. From IOS 11.2 LMI is auto-
sensed
 Class A - 1-126
 Class B - 128.1-191.255
 Class C 192.0.1-
 Class D - (1110 highest order bits) - remaining bits for multicasting
 Class E - (1111 highest order bits) - Reserved for future use
 RIP 1 (Classful), single subnet, periodic updates of full routing table, max
hop count 15
 RIP 2 (Classless addressing), triggered updates, full routing table updates
 Directed Broadcast - All host bits set to 1 received by all hosts on local
broadcast domain.
 Local Broadcast (255.255.255.255) - All bits set to 1 received by all hosts
on local and remote broadcast domains.
 Synchronous serial links default to HDLC on Cisco routers
 VIP cards - type slot/port adapter/interface (e.g e/1/0/2) (remember first
interface is 0 not 1)
 IGRP Metrics - Delay, Bandwidth

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