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Ecn 304 (Assignment 3) SUBMITTED BY:-Sumit Garg SID:-160105100

This document discusses three radio propagation models: 1) The Okumura model, which predicts path loss between 1-100 km for frequencies from 150 MHz to 3 GHz based on measurements in Tokyo. It accounts for factors like base station height, mobile height, and environment type. 2) The log-distance path loss model, which predicts path loss as a function of distance using a distance power law. It models indoor path loss and considers factors like surroundings. 3) Models for predicting losses between building floors and signal penetration into buildings, which depend on factors like construction materials, height, and number of windows. Measurements indicate these values vary by frequency.

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Sumit Garg
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52 views4 pages

Ecn 304 (Assignment 3) SUBMITTED BY:-Sumit Garg SID:-160105100

This document discusses three radio propagation models: 1) The Okumura model, which predicts path loss between 1-100 km for frequencies from 150 MHz to 3 GHz based on measurements in Tokyo. It accounts for factors like base station height, mobile height, and environment type. 2) The log-distance path loss model, which predicts path loss as a function of distance using a distance power law. It models indoor path loss and considers factors like surroundings. 3) Models for predicting losses between building floors and signal penetration into buildings, which depend on factors like construction materials, height, and number of windows. Measurements indicate these values vary by frequency.

Uploaded by

Sumit Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECN 304(ASSIGNMENT 3)

SUBMITTED BY:-Sumit Garg


SID:-16010510016105100
Write technical notes:

1) OKUMURA MODEL:-

To find out Path Loss in the frequency range of 150MHz to 1920 MHz (typically
extended up to 3 GHz) for distances of 1 to 100 Km & base station antenna
heights ranging from 30m to 100 m, we use this model. This is a Radio
propagation model that was built in the city of Tokyo, Japan. This model is
very good to use in cities with many urban structures, but not with many tall
blocking structures. This model developed asset of curves giving the median
attenuation relative to free space, in an urban area over a quasi-smooth
terrain with a base station effective antenna height of 200m and a mobile
antenna height of 3m. These curves were developed from extensive
measurement using vertical omnidirectional antennas at both the base and
mobile, and are plotted as a function of frequency in the range 100MHz to
1920MHz and as a function of distance from the base station in the range 1km
to 100km. To determine path loss using this model , free space path loss
between points is determined and the then value of Amu(f, d) is added along
with correction factors.

L50(50)=LF + Amu(f, d) – G(hte) – G(hre) - GAREA

where L50 is the 50th percentile (i.e., median) value of propagation path loss,
LF is the free space propagation loss, Amu is the median attenuation relative to
free space, G(hte) is the base station antenna height gain factor, G(hre) is the
mobile antenna height gain factor, and GAREA is the gain due to the type of
environment. A main Point to note here is that the antenna height gains are
strictly a function of height and have nothing to do with antenna patterns.
2)LOG-DISTANCE PATH LOSS MODEL:-

Log distance path loss model is a generic model and an extension to Friis Free
space model. It is used to predict the propagation loss for a wide range of
environments. Indoor path loss has been shown by many researchers to obey
the distance power law

PL(dB) = PL(do) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Xsigma

Where the value of n depends on the surroundings and building type, and
Xsigma represents a normal random variable in dB having standard deviation of
sigma dB.

3.)

PARTITION LOSSES BETWEEN FLOORS

The losses between floors of a building is determined by:

1. External dimensions and materials of the building.

2. Type of construction used to create the floor.

3. External Surroundings

4. Number of windows.

SIGNAL PENETRATION INTO BUILDINGS

RF signal can penetrate from outside transmitter to the inside of the buildings however

the signals are attenuated.

The path loss during penetration has been found to be a function of:

1. Frequency of the signal

2. Height of the building


The building construction material cannot be altered, but it would assist us to do is to find. out how
much coverage you can obtain and finally what is the location and the placementof the access point
if you have to give wireless local area network to the entire campus.

If you have a three floor building, you can predict how much signal power will be received on
different floors. It is very useful to do your home cell planning. All these measurements have been
taken close to 900 MHz. the values will change as you go to higher and higher frequencies.

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