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Week 4. PDF

This document discusses different types of electrical power distribution systems. It describes urban, suburban, and rural distribution systems. Urban systems tend to be underground with short feeders to serve dense populations. Suburban systems serve residential and commercial areas near cities using overhead 3-phase lines. Rural systems have long overhead feeders on utility poles to serve fewer scattered consumers, sometimes with single-phase power. Distribution substations come in various sizes to match the load characteristics of the area.

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107 views14 pages

Week 4. PDF

This document discusses different types of electrical power distribution systems. It describes urban, suburban, and rural distribution systems. Urban systems tend to be underground with short feeders to serve dense populations. Suburban systems serve residential and commercial areas near cities using overhead 3-phase lines. Rural systems have long overhead feeders on utility poles to serve fewer scattered consumers, sometimes with single-phase power. Distribution substations come in various sizes to match the load characteristics of the area.

Uploaded by

Mawaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

EE-352
Common Primary Distribution System
• Distribution primary systems come in a variety of
shapes and sizes
Urban, Suburban and Rural
Distribution System
• The identification of the system as rural, urban and
suburban is important
• The system reliability characteristics of individual utilities
differ due to diversities in service areas, load densities,
circuit ratios, weather and service standards
• Some distribution systems are routed through dense
populated area while others are routed through open
fields
Urban Distribution System
• An urban area is the region surrounding a city.
• Most inhabitants of urban areas have non-agricultural
jobs.
• Urban sys usually have short supply feeders ,
underground circuits and alternative power supplies.
• Urban distribution is mainly underground, sometimes in
common utility ducts.
• Urban distribution is done with 3 phase systems to serve
both residential , commercial and industrial loads.
Sub-Urban Distribution System
• A suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area,
either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a
separate residential community within commuting
distance of a city.
• suburban distribution is done with 3 phase systems to
serve both residential , commercial and industrial loads
Rural Distribution System
• A rural area is an open land that has few homes or
other buildings, and less populated
• They have long supply feeders, overhead circuits and
dedicated power supplies
• Rural distribution is mostly above ground with utility
poles
• Distribution in rural areas may be of single phase if it is
not economical to install 3 phase power for relatively
few and small consumers
Common Primary Distribution System
• All these arrangements depend on street layouts, the
shape of the area covered by the circuit, obstacles
(like lakes).
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System
• A common suburban layout has the main feeder along
a street with laterals tapped down side streets or into
developments.

• Radial distribution feeders may also have extensive


branching — whatever it takes to get to the loads.
• An express feeder serves load concentrations some
distance from the substation
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System
• A three-phase mainline runs a distance before tapping
loads off to customers.
• With many circuits coming from one substation, a
number of the circuits may have express feeders.
• Some feeders cover areas close to the substation, and
express feeders serve areas farther from the substation.
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System
• For improved reliability, radial circuits are often provided
with normally open tie points to other circuits as shown in
Figure.
• The circuits are still operated radially, but if a fault occurs
on one of the circuits, the tie switches allow some
portion of the faulted circuit to be restored quickly.
• Normally, these switches are manually operated, but
some utilities use automated switches or reclosers to
perform these operations automatically.
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System
• Two radial circuits
with normally open ties
to each other
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System
• Distribution substations come in many sizes and configurations.
• A small rural substation may have a nominal rating of 5 MVA
while an urban station may be over 200 MVA.
• As much as possible, many utilities have standardized
substation layouts, transformer sizes, relaying systems, and
automation and SCADA (supervisory control and data
acquisition) facilities.
Sub-Urban and Rural Distribution System

• Suburban distribution substation • Rural Distribution Substation


Urban Distribution Substation

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