Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr.

Martin Abraham Mejia

Personal Development Reviewer

Physical Development psychology focusing on a child's

 Most girls have completed the development in terms of information
physical changes related to puberty processing, conceptual resources,
by age 15. perceptual skill, language learning,
 Boys are still maturing and gaining and other aspects of the developed
strength , muscle mass, and height adult brain and cognitive
and are completing the development psychology. Qualitative differences
of sexual traits. between how a child processes its
 Physical development refers to the waking experience and how an adult
physical and biological changes that process his/her waking experience
occur in humans between birth and are acknowledged.
adolescence.1 As a child grows and  Cognitive development is defined in
changes, he increases his ability to adult terms as the emergence of
explore and interact with the world ability to consciously cognize and
around him. consciously understand and articulate
Emotional Development their understanding. From an adult
 Emergence of the experience, point of view, cognitive development
expression, understanding, and can also be called intellectual
regulation of emotions from birth development.
and the growth and change in these
capacities throughout childhood, Stress
adolescence, and adulthood.  Stress is your body's way of
 Occurs in conjunction with neural, responding to any kind of demand. It
cognitive, and behavioral can be caused by both good and bad
development and emerges within a experiences. When people feel
social and cultural context. stressed by something going on
Social Development around them, their bodies react by
 Social development is about releasing chemicals into the blood.
improving the well-being of every These chemicals give people more
individual in society, so they can energy and strength, which can be a
reach their full potential. The success good thing if their stress is caused by
of society is linked to the well-being physical danger. But this can also be
of each and every citizen. a bad thing, if their stress is in
 Social development means investing response to something emotional and
in people. It requires the removal of there is no outlet for this extra energy
barriers so that all citizens can and strength. This class will discuss
journey toward their dreams with different causes of stress, how stress
confidence and dignity. It is about affects you, the difference between
refusing to accept that people who 'good' or 'positive' stress and 'bad' or
live in poverty will always be poor. 'negative' stress, and some common
It is about helping people, so they facts about how stress affects people
can move forward on their path to today.
self-sufficiency.
Cognitive Development
 Cognitive development is a field of
study in neuroscience and
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

Causes and Effects of Stress  Procrastinating or neglecting

*Anxiety *Desperation responsibilities
*Pressure *Tension  Using alcohol, drugs, cigarettes to
*Misery *Anger relax
*Strain *Dejection  Nervous habits (ex. Nail biting,
*Panic paicing)

Causes of Personal Stress Physical Symptoms

 Sometimes people may suffer from  Aches and pains
stress that isn't caused by work-  Diarrhea or constipation
related issues but instead has an  Nausea, dizziness
external cause from their personal  Chest pain , rapid heartbeat
life.  Loss of sex drive
 Frequent colds
Common external causes of stress
include: Cognitive Symptoms
 relationship difficulties or a divorce  Memory problems
 serious illness in the family  Inability to concentrate
 caring for dependants such as  Poor adjustment
children or elderly relatives  Seeing only the negative
 bereavement  Anxious or racing thoughts
 moving house  Constant worrying
 debt problems

Stress Response Emotional Symptoms

Your stress response is the collection of  Moodiness
physiological changes that occur when you  Irritability or short temper
face a perceived threat – when you face
 Agitation , inability to relax
situations where you feel the demands
 Feeling overwhelmed
outweigh your resources to successfully
cope.  Sense of loneliness and isolation
 Depression or general unhappiness
Immobilization
This is the least evolved response to stress Factors that influence your stress
and used by the body only when social tolerance
engagement and mobilization have failed.  Your support network – social
engagement
Effects of Stress Overload  Your exercise levels – physical and
The body’s autonomic nervous system often mental health are intrinsically linked
does a poor job of distinguishing between  Your diet – the food you can eat also
daily stressors and life threatening events. have a profound effect on your mood
and how you wel you cope with
Behavioral Symptoms life’s stressors.
 Eating more or less  Your sense of control – it may be
 Sleeping too much or too little easier to take stress in your side if
 Isolating yourself from others you have confidence in yourself and
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

your ability to influence events and sever the corpus callosum, the nerve
persevere through challenges. fibers between the two cerebral
 Your attitude and outlook – hemispheres, and study each of the
optimistic people are often more hemispheres in isolation. His split-
stress-hardy. brain theory research, for which he
 Your ability to deal with your received the Nobel Prize in 1981,
emotions – your extremely established that the two hemispheres
vulnerable to stress if you don’t of the brain process information
know how to calm and soothe differently. Individuals do not learn
yourself when you’re feeling sad with only one hemisphere, but there
angry. may be a preference for one or the
 Your knowledge and preparation – other processing strategies.
the more you know about a stressful Characteristics of the left hemisphere
situation including how long it will include verbal, sequential, and analytical
last and what to expect. abilities. Dominant functions of the right
hemisphere are global, holistic, and visual-
Powers of the mind spatial.
 Our brains have hidden depths.
Whether it’s psychological tricks that
change our long-term behaviors, or
the strange healing powers of
placebo and hypnosis our minds are
surprisingly open to manipulations
that can change us for the better.

Brain Theory
 In the mid-1800’s, Paul Broca
proposed the classic hemispheric
dominance theory that particular
characteristics were associated with
each side of the brain. Initially,
researchers believed the left side of
the brain had the higher faculties and
was more dominant.
 By the late 1800’s, John Jackson was
questioning the left brain dominant
theory. He considered the right brain
to be the “neglected hemisphere”.
During the early 1900’s Wilder
Penfield pioneered the use of direct
electrical stimulation on certain areas
of the brains during surgery.
 Brain theory research made
tremendous strides during the 1950’s
when Roger Sperry at the California
Institute of Technology was able to
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

4. Give yourself
Adolescent Brain Development When people experience a setback at
The brain develops very rapidly in the first work—whether it’s a bad sales quarter,
3-5 years of life, and all the structure and being overlooked for a promotion, or an
building blocks are present by the age of 9. interpersonal conflict with a colleague—it’s
The different centers of the brain develop common to respond in one of two ways.
and become functionally connected over Either we become defensive and blame
time. The last part to mature is the pre- others, or we berate ourselves.
frontal lobe. This happens during Unfortunately, neither response is especially
adolescence. helpful. Shirking responsibility by getting
defensive may alleviate the sting of failure,
Mental Health and Well-being in middle but it comes at the expense of learning. Self-
and late adolescence. flagellation, on the other hand, may feel
warranted in the moment, but it can lead to
Ten things you can do for your mental an inaccurately gloomy assessment of one’s
health you are here potential, which undermines personal
development.
1. Value yourself
Self-value is more behavioral than 5. Learn on how to deal with stress
emotional, more about how you act toward The first step in managing stress is
what you value, including yourself, than recognizing it in your life. Everyone feels
how you feel about yourself compared to stress in a different way. Also identify the
others. It necessarily includes self-care. situations that cause you stress. These are
called stressors. Your stressors could be
2. Take care of your body family, work, relationships, money, or health
You only get one body in this life, so you problems. Once you understand where your
need to look after it. Advice about caring for stress is coming from, you can come up with
your body is conflicting and often confusing, ways to deal with your stressors.
hence it’s sometimes hard to know what’s
best. Many people abandon any effort to 6. Quite your mind
take care of themselves because it’s just too Meditating. It’s one of those things that we
difficult. all know we’d be better off doing, but most
of us struggle with it immensely. It’s
3. Surround yourself with good people difficult. It’s hard to find the time. And it
People have a huge impact on your life. often doesn’t seem like it’s working. For
Good people aren’t saints, or at least they many years, I’ve tried to make meditation a
don’t have to be. They might spend their regular habit. But rarely can I do it
winter holidays helping starving children in consistently. It’s almost always the first
Africa, or they may simply encourage you to thing to go when I’m crunched for time or
hit the gym more. The good people you’re feeling stressed. Of course, those are the
looking for are positive, happy people that times that meditation is best!
enrich your life. They can be:
*Family members 7. Set realistic goals
*Friends Decide what you want to achieve
academically., professionally, and
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

personally and write down the steps you  Substance Abuse issues
need to realize your goals. One person may meet the criteria for several
different types of personality disorder, while
8. Break up the monotony a wide range of people may fit the criteria
Although our routines makes us more for the same disorder, despite having very
efficient and enhance our feelings of different personalities.
security and safety.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
9. Avoid alcohol and other drugs You are likely to:
Keep alcohol use to a minimum amd avoid  Find it very difficult to trust other
other drugs. people, believing they will use you,
or take advantage of you
10. Get help when you need it  Find it hard to confide in people,
Seeking help is a sight of strength not even your friends
weakness.  Watch others closely, looking for
signs of betrayal or hostility
Teen Personality Disorder  Suspect that your partner is being
 Those with Teen Personality unfaithful, with no evidence
Disorder have a rigid, unhealthy way  Read threats and danger – which
of thinking, behaving, and relating to others don’t see – into everyday
people and situations, including situations
themselves. These teen’s thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors are eccentric Schizoid Personality Disorder
from social expectations and You are likely to:
appropriateness and because of that,
 Be uninterested in forming close
often cause friction and limitations in
relationships with other people
relationships as well as
including your family
responsibilities. Because the teens
 Feel that relationships interfere with
aren’t necessarily aware that their
your freedom and tend to cause
thoughts and behaviors are askew,
problems
they may not be aware and/or believe
that they have a Personality  Prefer to be alone with your own
thoughts
Disorder.
 Choose to live your life without
What it looks like interference from others
There are several different types of  Get little pleasure from life
Personality Disorders, which include  Have little interest in sex or intimacy
specific symptoms, but there are some  Be emotionally cold towards others
common symptoms that are present amidst
all Personality Disorders. These symptoms Schizotypal Personality Disorder
include, but are not limited to: You are likely to:
 Extreme and frequent mood swings  Find making close relationships
 Difficulty in relationships extremely difficult
 Unpredictable behavior  Think and express yourself in ways
 A need for immediate gratification that others find ‘odd’, using unusual
 Inability to control impulses words or phrases
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

 Behave in ways that others find  Suffer from mood swings, switching
eccentric from one intense emotion to another
 Believe that you can read minds or very quickly, often with angry
that you have special powers such as outbursts
a ‘sixth sense’  Have brief psychotic episodes,
 Feel anxious and tense with others hearing voices or seeing things that
who do not share these beliefs others don’t
 Feel very anxious and paranoid in  Do things on impulse, which you
social situations later regret
 Have episodes of harming yourself,
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and think about taking your own life
 Act impulsively and recklessly, often  Be irritable and aggressive and get
without considering the into fights easily
consequences for yourself or for  Have a history of stormy or broken
other people relationships
 Behave dangerously and sometimes  Tend to cling on to very damaging
illegally relationships, because you are
 Behave in ways that are unpleasant terrified of being alone
for others  The term ‘borderline’ is difficult to
 Do things – even though they may make sense of, and some people
hurt people – to get what you want, prefer the term ‘emotionally unstable
putting your needs above theirs personality disorder’ or ‘emotional
 Feel no sense of guilt if you have instability disorder’, which is
mistreated others sometimes used in place of
 Be irritable and aggressive and get ‘borderline personality disorder’.
into fights easily (Also see information about
 Be very easily bored and you may borderline personality disorder.)
find it difficult to hold down a job
for long
 Believe that only the strongest Histrionic Personality Disorder
survive and that you must do You are likely to:
whatever it takes to lead a successful  Feel very uncomfortable if you are
life, because if you don’t grab not the center of attention
opportunities, others will  Feel much more at ease as the ‘life
 Have a criminal record and soul of the party’
 Have had a diagnosis of conduct  Feel that you have to entertain
disorder before the age of 15 people
 Flirt or behave provocatively to
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) ensure that you remain the center of
You are likely to: attention
 Feel that you don’t have a strong  Get a reputation for being dramatic
sense of who you really are, and and overemotional
others may describe you as very  Feel dependent on the approval of
changeable others
 Be easily influenced by others
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

Narcissistic Personality Disorder  Agree to things you feel are wrong or

You are likely to: you dislike avoiding being alone or
 Believe that there are special reasons losing someone's support
that make you different, better or  Be afraid of being left to fend for
more deserving than others yourself
 Have fragile self-esteem, so that you  Have low self-confidence
rely on others to recognize your  See other people as being much more
worth and your needs capable than you are
 Feel upset if others ignore you and  Be seen by others as much too
don’t give you what you feel you submissive and passive
deserve
 Resent other people’s successes Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
 Put your own needs above other Disorder (OCPD)
people’s, and demand they do too You are likely to:
 Be seen as selfish and ‘above  Need to keep everything in order and
yourself’ under control
 Take advantage of other people  Set unrealistically high standards for
yourself and others
Avoidant/Anxious Personality Disorder  Think yours is the best way of
You are likely to: making things happen
 Avoid work or social activities that  Worry when you or others might
mean you must be with others make mistakes
 Expect disapproval and criticism and  Expect catastrophes if things aren’t
be very sensitive to it perfect
 Worry constantly about being ‘found  Be reluctant to spend money on
out’ and rejected yourself or others
 Worry about being ridiculed or  Tend to hang on to items with no
shamed by others obvious value
 Avoid relationships, friendships and  OCPD is separate from obsessive
intimacy because you fear rejection compulsive disorder (OCD), which
 Feel lonely and isolated, and inferior describes a form of behavior rather
to others than a type of personality. (See
 Be reluctant to try new activities in information about obsessive-
case you embarrass yourself compulsive disorder.)
It’s also important to note that it’s common
for Personality Disorders to exist as Co-
Occurring Disorders, along with Disorders
Dependent Personality Disorder such as Depression, Anxiety, and Substance
You are likely to: Abuse.
 Feel needy, weak and unable to make
decisions or function properly Treatment
without help or support Because Personality Disorders are primarily
 Allow others to assume connected to teen’s thoughts and behaviors,
responsibility for many areas of your treatment is designed to address both of
life these things.
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

Therapists first people to become aware of In a mind map, as opposed to traditional

their thoughts and behaviors, creating an note taking or a linear text, information is
awareness from which changes can be made. structured in a way that resembles much
Then, they help the teens to understand the more closely how your brain actually works.
effects that their behaviors have, both in Since it is an activity that is both analytical
their own lives, and in the lives of others. and artistic, it engages your brain in a much,
Therapists can then also begin working with much richer way, helping in all its cognitive
the teens to change those compulsive functions. And, best of all, it is fun!
behaviors and bring about an awareness to
their actions, as well as introducing healthy Emotional Intelligence
behaviors and practices that will help the Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence
teens grow. Therapists also help the teens to  Self-Awareness
gain an ability to deal with stress and  Self-Regulation
conflicts in their lives in healthy ways, so  Motivation
that they can learn to react intentionally and
 Empathy
with control.
 Social Skills
*Children who develop social and emotional
There are many different conditions that
skills have better attitudes about themselves
are recognized as mental illness. The
and others, and better social interactions.
more common types include;
*Children with strong social and emotional
Anxiety Disorder
skills are less aggressive, can handle
Mood Disorder
difficult emotions, and they have lower
Psychotic Disorders
levels of emotional distress.
Eating Disorders
*Students who receive Social and Emotional
Impulse control and addiction disorder
Learning (SEL) instruction improve an
Personality disorders
average 11 percentile points on standardized
Obsessive – compulsive disorder
achievement tests compared to students who
do not receive such instruction.
Other, less common types of mental
*We can successfully create conditions in
illness include;
schools, communities and families that build
Stress response syndromes
the capacity of children to recognize their
Dissociative disorders
emotions, to understand and empathize with
Factitious disorders
others, and to make constructive choices.
Sexual and gender disorders
*We can foster positive human qualities
Somatic symptoms disorders
such as compassion, empathy and
Tic disorders
confidence, and we can help children
manage difficult emotions such as fear,
hatred, anger, and anxiety.
Mind mapping for negation
A mind map is a graphical way to represent
Five Domains of Heart Mind and Well
ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking
Being
tool that helps structuring information,
The Index measures Heart-Mind well-being
helping you to better analyze, comprehend,
according to five positive human qualities,
synthesize, recall and generate new ideas.
which are anchored in evidence-based
Just as in every great idea, its power lies in
research related to the social and emotional
its simplicity.
development of children.
Mark James C. Dela Cruz 11- STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
Personal Development Reviewer

 GETS ALONG WITH OTHERS -

the ability to form positive and
healthy relationships with peers and
adults.
 COMPASSIONATE AND KIND -
the ability to be aware of other
people's emotions and a desire to
help when a person is in need.
 SOLVES PROBLEMS
PEACEFULLY - the ability to
behave in a peaceful and respectful
way in a variety of situations and
relationships.
 SECURE AND CALM - the ability
to take part in daily activities and
approach new situations without
being overwhelmed with worries,
sadness or anxiety.
 ALERT AND ENGAGED - the
ability to stay calm, focused and
alert; to demonstrate self-control and
to slow down and think before
acting.