M 85 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Portland Cement

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 85-931

(ASTM DESIGNATION: C 150-92)

1. SCOPE1 T 106 Compressive Strength of izing clinker consisting essentially of

Hydraulic Cement Mortars hydraulic calcium silicates, usually con-
(Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube taining one or more of the forms of cal-
1.1 This specification covers eight types Specimens) cium sulfate as an interground addition,
of portland cement as follows (see Note): and with which there has been inter-
T 107 Autoclave Expansion of Port-
1.1.1 Type I-For use when the special land Cement ground-an air-entraining addition.
properties specified for- any other type
are not required. T 127 Sampling Hydraulic Cement
T 131 Time of Setting of Hydraulic 4. ORDERING INFORMATION
1.1.2 Type IA-Air-entraining cement
for the same uses as Type I, where air- Cement by Vicat Needle
entrainment is desired. T 137 Air Content of Hydraulic 4.1 Orders for material under this speci-
1.1.3 Type II-For general use, more Cement Mortar fication shall include the following:
especially when moderate sulfate resis- T 153 Fineness of Portland Cement 4.1.1 This specification number and
tance or moderate heat of hydration is by Air Permeability Apparatus date,
desired. T 154 Time of Setting of Hydraulic 4.1.2 Type or types allowable. If no ty-
1.1.4 Type IIA-Air-entraining cement Cement by Gillmore Needles pe is specified, Type I shall be supplied,
for the same uses as Type II, where air- T 186 Early Stiffening of Portland 4.1.3 Any optional chemical require-
entrainment is desired. Cement (Paste Method) ments from Table IA, if desired,
1.1.5 Type III-For use when high early 2.2 ASTM Standards: 4.1.4 Type of setting-time test required,
strength is desired. Vicat or Gilmore. If not specified, the
C 33 Specification for Concrete
1.1.6 Type IIA-Air-entraining cement Aggregates Vicat shall be used,
for the same use as Type Ell, where air- 4.1.5 Any optional physical require-
entrainment is desired. C 186 Test for Heat of Hydration of
Hydraulic Cement ments from Table 2A, if desired.
1.1.7 Type IV-For use when low heat of
hydration is desired. C 219 Terminology Relating to
Hydraulic Cement 5. ADDITIONS
1.1.8 Type V-For use when high, sul-
fate resistance is desired. C 226 Specification for Air-
Entraining Additions for Use 5.1 The cement covered by this specifica-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units in the Manufacture of Air-
are to be regarded as the standard. tion shall contain no addition except as
Entraining Portland Cement provided for below.
NOTE-Attention is called to the fact that C 452 Test for Potential Expansion 5.1.1 Water or calcium sulfate, or both,
cements conforming to the requirements for all of Portland Cement Mortars
of these types may not be carried in stock in
may be added in amounts such that the
Exposed to Sulfate limits shown in Table 1 for sulfur tri-
some areas. In advance of specifying the use
of other than Type I cement, it should be C 465 Specification for Processing oxide and loss-on-ignition shall not be
determined whether the proposed type of Additions for Use in the exceeded.
cement is or can be made available. Manufacture of Hydraulic 5.1.2 At the option of the manufac-
Cements turer, processing additions may be used
C 563 Test for Optimum SO3 in in the manufacture of the cement, pro-
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Portland Cement vided such materials in the amounts used
C 1038 Test Method for Expansion of have been shown to meet the require-
2.1 AASHTO Standards: Portland Cement Mortar ments of ASTM C 465.
R 11 Indicating Which Places of Stored in Water 5.1.3 Air-entraining portland cement
Figures Are To Be Considered shall contain an interground addition
Significant in Specified Limit- conforming to the requirements of ASTM
3. TERMINOLOGY C 226.
ing Values (Rounding-off
Method)
T 98 Fineness of Portland Cement 3.1 Definitions:
6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
by the Turbidimeter 3.1.1 Portland Cement-A hydraulic
T 105 Chemical Analysis of Hydrau- cement produced by pulverizing clinker
consisting essentially of hydraulic cal- 6.1 Portland cement of each of the eight
lic Cement
cium silicates, usually containing one or types shown in Section 1 shall conform
more of the forms of calcium sulfate as to the respective standard chemical re-
an interground addition. quirements prescribed in Table 1. In
1 In essential equivalence with ASTM C 150-92
except for modifications in Tables I and 2. addition, optional chemical requirements
3.1.2 Air-entraining Portland Cement- are shown in Table IA.
A hydraulic cement produced by pulver-

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M 85 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 1 Standard Chemical Requirements

Cement Type" I and IA II and IIA III and IIIA IV V
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), min, percent - 20.0 - - -
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), max, percent - 6.0 - - -
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3), max, percent - 6.0 - 6.5 -
Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, percent 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
B
Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, percent
When (C3A)c is 8 percent or less 3.0 3.0 3.5_ 2.3 2.3
When (C3A)c is more than 8 percent 3.5 D
4.5 D D

Loss on ignition, max, percent 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0

Insoluble residue, max, percent 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Tricalcium silicate (C3S)C max, percent - 55 - 35E -
Dicalcium silicate (C2S)C min, percent - - - 40E -
D E
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) max, percent - 8 15 7 5F
C
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite plus twice the tricalcium aluminate (C4AF + 2 (C3A)),
- - - - 25F
or solid solution(C4AF + C2F), as applicable, max, percent
A
See Note 1.
B
There are cases where optimum SO3 (using ASTM C 563) for a particular cement is close to or in excess of the limit in this specification. In such cases where proper-
ties of a cement can be improved by exceeding the SO3 limits stared in this table, it is permissible to exceed the values in the table, provided it has been demonstrated by
ASTMM C 1038 that the cement with the increased SO3 will not develop expansion in water exceeding 0.020 percent at 14 days. When the manufacturer supplies cement
under this provision. he shall, upon request, supply supporting data to the purchaser.
C
The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed compounds does not necessarily mean that the oxides are actually or entirely present as such
compounds. When expressing compounds, C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3,. F = Fe2O3,. For example, C3A = 3CaO . Al2O3.
Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide (TiO2 and P2O3) shall be included with the Al2O3 content. The value historically and traditionally used for Al2O3 in calculat-
ing potential compounds for specification purposes is the ammonium hydroxide group minus ferric oxide (R2O3 – Fe2O3) as obtained by classical wet chemical methods.
This procedure includes as Al2O3 the TiO2, P2O3 and other trace oxides which precipitate with the ammonium hydroxide group in the classical wet chemical methods.
Many modem instrumental methods of cement analysis determine aluminum or aluminum oxide directly without the minor and trace oxides included by the classical
method. Consequently, for consistency and to provide comparability with historic data and among various analytical methods, when calculating potential compounds for
specification purposes, those using methods which determine Al or Al2O3 directly should add to the determined Al2O3 weight quantities of P2O3, TiO2 and any other oxide
except Fe2O3 which would precipitate with the ammonium hydroxide group when analyzed by the classical method and which is present in an amount of 0.05 weight
percent or greater. The weight percent of minor or trace oxides to be added to Al2O3 by those using direct methods may be obtained by actual analysis of those oxides in
the sample being tested or estimated from historical data on those oxides on cements from the same source, provided that the estimated values are identified as such.
When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate. dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tet-
racalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated front the chemical analysis as follows:
Tricalcium silicate = (4.071 X percent CaO) - (7.600 X percent SiO2) - (6.718 X percent Al2O3) - (1.430 X percent Fe2O3) - (2.852 X percent SO3) Dicalcium silicate =
(2.867 X percent SiO2) - (0.7544 X percent C3S)
Tricalcium aluminate = (2.650 x percent Al2O3) - (1.692 X percent Fe2O3)
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite = 3.043 X percent Fe2O3
When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution (expressed as ss(C4AF – C2F)) is formed. Contents of this solid solution and
of tricalcium silicate shall be calculated by the following formulas:
ss(C4AF – C2F) = (2.100 x percent Al2O3) + (1.702 X percent Fe2O3)
Tricalcium silicate = (4.071 X percent CaO) - (7.600 X percent SiO2) - (4.479 X percent Al2O3) - (2.859 X percent Fe2O3) - (2.852 x percent SO3). No tricalcium alumi-
nate will be present in cements of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as previously shown.
In the calculation of C3A. the values of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 determined to the nearest 0.01 percent shall be used. In the calculation of other compounds the oxides deter-
mined to the nearest 0.1 percent shall be used.
All values calculated as described in this note shall be reported to the nearest 1 percent.
D
Not applicable.
E
Does not apply when heat of hydration limit in Table 2A is specified.
F
Does nut apply when the sulfate expansion limit in Table 2A is specified.

7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 9.1.1 Air Content of Mortar-T 137; and the seller as part of the purchase
9.1.2 Chemical Analysis-T 105; contract.
7.1 Portland cement of each of the eight 9.1.3 Strength-T 106;
types shown in Section 1 shall conform 9.1.4 False Set-T 186; 11. REJECTION
to the respective standard physical re-
quirements prescribed in Table 2. In 9.1.5 Fineness by Air Permeability-T
addition, optional physical requirements 153; 11.1 The cement may be rejected if it
are shown in Table 2A. 9.1.6 Fineness by Turbidimeter-T 98; fails to meet any of the requirements of
this specification.
9.1.7 Heat of Hydration-ASTM C 186;
11.2 Cement remaining in bulk storage
8. SAMPLING 9.1.8 Autoclave Expansion-T 107; at the mill, prior to shipment, for more
9.1.9 Time of Setting by Gillmore than 6 months, or cement in bags in local
8.1 When the purchaser desires that the Needles-T 154; storage in the hands of a vendor for more
cement be sampled and tested to verify 9.1.10 Time of Setting by Vicat Needles- than 3 months, after completion of tests,
compliance with this specification, sam- T 131; may be retested before use and may be
pling and testing should be performed in rejected if it fails to conform to any of the
9.1.11 Sulfate Expansion-ASTM C 452;
accordance with T 127. requirements of this specification.
9.1.12 Calcium Sulfate (Expansion of)
8.2 Method T 127 is not designed for 11.3 Packages shall identify the
Mortar-ASTM C 1038. and 9.1.13 Opti-
manufacturing quality control and is not weight as net weight. Packages more than
mum S03-ASTM C 563.
required for manufacturer's certification. 2 percent below the weight marked
thereon may be rejected; and if the aver-
10. INSPECTION age weight of packages in any shipment,
9. TEST METHODS as shown by weighing 50 packages taken
at random, is less than that marked on the
10.1 Inspection of the material shall be packages, the entire shipment may be
9.1 Determine the applicable properties made as agreed upon by the purchaser rejected.
enumerated in this specification in accor-
dance with the following methods:
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M 85 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 1A Optional Chemical Requirements

NOTE-These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested.
A
Cement Type I and IA II and IIA III and IIIA IV V Remarks
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A),B max, percent - - 8 - - for moderate sulfate resistance
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A),B max, percent - - 5 - - for high sulfate resistance
Sum of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate,B max, percent - 58C - - - for moderate heat of hydration
D D D D
Alkalies (Na2O + 0.658K2O), max, percent 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60° low-alkali cement
A
See Note 1.
B
The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed compounds does not necessarily mean that the oxides are actually or entirely present as such
compounds. , When expressing compounds, C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3. For example, C3A = 3CaO • A12O3.
Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide (TiO2 and P2O3) shall be included with the A12O3, content. The value historically and traditionally used for A12O3, in calcu-
lating potential compounds for specification purposes is the ammonium hydroxide group minus ferric oxide (R2O3 - Fe2O3) as obtained by classical wet chemical methods.
This procedure includes as A12O3, the TiO2, P2O3 and other trace oxides which precipitate with the ammonium hydroxide group in the classical wet chemical methods.
Many modern instrumental methods of cement analysis determine aluminum or aluminum oxide directly without the minor and trace oxides included by the classical
method Consequently, for consistency and to provide comparability with historic data and among various analytical methods, when calculating potential compounds for
specification purposes, those using methods which determine Al or A12O3, directly should add to the determined A12O3, weight quantities of P2O3, TiO2, and any other
oxide except Fe2O3, which would precipitate with the ammonium hydroxide group when analyzed by the classical method and which is present in an amount of 0.05
weight percent or greater. The weight percent of minor or trace oxides to he added to A12O3 by those using direct methods may be obtained by actual analysis of those
oxides in the sample being tested or estimated from historical data on those oxides on cements from the same source, provided that the estimated values are identified as
such.
When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate. and tet-
racalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows:
Tricalcium silicate = (4.071 X percent CaO) - (7.600 X percent SiO2) - (6.718 X percent A12O3) - (1.430 X percent Fe2O3) - (2.852 X percent SO2)
Dicalcium silicate = (2.867 X percent SiO2) - (0.7544 X percent C3S)
Tricalcium aluminate = (2.650 X percent Al2O3) - (1.692 X percent Fe2O3)
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite = 3.043 X percent Fe2O3
When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution (expressed as ss(C4AF + C2F)) is formed. Contents of this solid solution and
of tricalcium silicate shall be calculated by the following formulas:
ss(C4AF + C2F) = (2.100 X percent Al2O3) - (1.702 X percent Fe2O3).
Tricalcium silicate = (4.071 X percent CaO) - (7.600 X percent SiO2) - (4.479 X percent Al2O3) - (2.859 X percent Fe2O3) - (2.852 X percent SO3). No tricalcium alumi-
nate will be present in cements of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as previously shown.
In the calculation of C3A, the values of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 determined to the nearest 0.01 percent shall be used. In the calculation of other compounds the oxides deter-
mined to the nearest 0.1 percent shall be used.
All values calculated as described in this note shall be reported to the nearest I percent.
C
This limit applies when moderate heat of hydration is required and tests for heat of hydration are not requested.
D
This limit may be specified when the cement is to be used in concrete with aggregates that may be deleteriously reactive. Reference should be made to ASTM Specifi-
cation C 33 for suitable criteria of deleterious reactivity.

12. MANUFACTURER'S STATE- the type of cement, the name and brand each shipment, and in a suitable weather-
MENT of the manufacturer, and the weight of tight building that will protect the cement
the cement contained therein shall be from dampness and minimize warehouse
plainly marked on each package. When set.
12.1 At the request of the purchaser, the cement is an air-entraining type, the
the manufacturer shall state in writing the words "air-entraining" shall be plainly
nature, amount, and identity of the air- marked on each package. Similar infor- 15. MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFI-
entraining agent used, and of any proc- mation shall be provided in the shipping CATION
essing addition that may have been used, advices accompanying the shipment of
and also, if requested, shall supply test packaged or bulk cement. All packages
data showing compliance of such airen- 15.1 Upon request of the purchaser in
shall be in good condition at the time of the contract or order, a manufacturer's
training addition with the provisions of inspection.
ASTM C 226, and of any such processing report shall be furnished at the time of
addition with ASTM C 465. shipment stating the results of tests made
14. STORAGE on samples of the material taken during
production or transfer and certifying that
13. PACKAGING AND MARKING the applicable requirements of this speci-
14.1 The cement shall be stored in fication have been met.
such a manner as to permit easy access
13.1 When the cement is delivered in for proper inspection and identification of
packages, the words "Portland Cement,"

63
M 85 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 2 Standard Physical Requirements

Cement TypeA I IA II IIA III IIIA IV V
Air content of mortar,B volume percent:
max 12 22 12 22 12 22 12 12
min - 16 - 16 - 16 - -
Fineness,C specific surface, m2/kgJ (alternative methods):
Turbidimeter test: J
Average value, min,D 160 160 160 160 - - 160 160
Min. value, any one sampleE 150 150 150 150 - - 150 150
Average value, maxD 220 220 220 220 - - 220 220
Max value, any one sampleE 230 230 230 230 - - 230 230
Air permeability test: J
Average value, min.D 280 280 280 280 - - 280 280
Min. value, any one sampleE 260 260 260 260 - - 260 260
Average value, maxD 400 400 400 400 - - 400 400
Max value, any one sampleE 420 420 420 420 - - 420 420
Autoclave expansion, max, percent 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
Strength, not less than the values shown for theages
indicated below:F
Compressive strength, psi (MPa):
1 day - - - - 1800(12.4) 1450(10.0) - -
3 days 1800 1450 1500 1200 3500 2800 - 1200
(12.4) (10.0) (10.3) (8.2) (24.1) (19.3)
1000H 800H
2800 2250 (6.9)H (5.5)H (8.3)
2500 2000 - - 1000 2200
(17.2) (13.8)
7 days (19.3) (15.5) (11.7)H (9.3)H (6.9) (15.2)
2500 3000
28 days - - - - - - (17.2) (20.7)
Time of setting (alternative methods):G
Gillmore test:
Initial set, min. not less than 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Final set, min, not more than 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Vicat test:I
Time of setting, min, not less than 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
Time of setting, min, not more than 375 375 375 375 375 375 375 375
A
See Note I.
B
Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained in concrete.
C
Either of the two alternative fineness methods may be used at the option of the testing laboratory.
D
Average value shall be determined on the last consecutive five samples from a source.
E
The value of any one sample shall be the result of a test or average of tests on any one sample.
F
The strength at any specified test age shall be not less than that attained at any previous specified test age.
G
The purchaser should specify the type of setting-time test required. In case he does not so specify, the requirements of the Vicat test only shall govern.
H
When the optional heat of hydration or the chemical limit on the sum of the tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate is specified.
I
The time of setting is that described as initial setting time in T 131.
J
These values were revised in 1978 because of the change in unit from cm2/g to m2/kg.

TABLE2A Optional Physical Requirements

Note-These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested.
Cement Type' I IA II HA III IIIA IV V
Fake set, final penetration, min, percent 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
B B
Heat of hydration: - - 70 (290) 70 (290) - - 60 (250)C -
7 days. max, cal/g (kJ/kg)
28 days, max, cal/g (kJ/kg) - - - - - - 70 (290)C -
Strength. not less than the values shown: 4000 3200 4000 3200 - - -
Compressive strength, psi (MPa) 28 days (27.6) (22.1) (27.6) (22.1)
3200B 2560B
(22.1)B (17.7)B
Sulfate expansion,D 14 days, max, percent - - - - - - - 0.040
A
See Note 1.
B
When the heat of hydration requirements are specified, the sum of the tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate shall not be specified. These strength requirements
apply .hen either heat of hydration requirements or the sum of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate are specified.
C
When the heat of hydration limit is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3S, C2S, and MA listed in Table l.
D
When the sulfate expansion is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3A and C4AF + 2C3A listed in Table 1.

64