M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 196M/M 196-92

(ASTM DESIGNATION: B 745/B 745M-90)

1. SCOPE M 298 Coatings of Zinc F 738 Specification for Stainless

Mechanically Deposited on Steel Metric Bolts, Screws,
Iron and Steel and Studs
1.1 This specification covers corrugated
aluminum pipe intended for use for storm T 249 Test for Helical Lock Seam F 836 Specification for Stainless
water drainage, underdrains, the Corrugated Pipe Steel Metric Nuts
construction of culverts, and similar uses. 2.2 ASTM Standards:
Pipe covered by this specification is not A 307 Specification for Carbon 3. DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS
normally used for the conveyance of Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 SPECIFIC TO THIS STANDARD
sanitary or industrial wastes. PSI Tensile Strength
1.2 This specification does not include B 221 Specification for Aluminum-
requirements for bedding, backfill, or the 3.1 Fabricator-the producer of the pipe.
Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods,
relationship between earth cover load and Wire, Shapes, and Tubes 3.2 Manufacturer-the producer of the
sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience sheet.
has shown that the successful B 221M Specification for
Aluminum-Alloy Extruded 3.3 Purchaser-the purchaser of the
performance of this product depends finished product.
upon the proper selection of sheet Bars, Rods, Wire, Shapes,
thickness, type of bedding and backfull, and Tubes [Metric]
controlled manufacture in the plant, and B 316 Specification for Aluminum- 4. CLASSIFICATION
care in the installation. The purchaser Alloy Rivet and Cold-
must correlate the above factors and also Heading Wire and Rods
4.1 The corrugated aluminum pipe
the corrosion and abrasion requirements B 633 Specification for covered by this specification is classified
of the field installation with the sheet Electrodeposited Coatings of as follows:
thickness. The structural design of Zinc on Iron and Steel
corrugated aluminum pipe and the proper 4.1.1 Type I-This pipe shall have a full
B 666 Practice for Identification circular cross-section, with a single
installation procedures are given in
Marking of Aluminum thickness of corrugated sheet, fabricated
AASHTO Standard Specifications for
Products with annular (circumferential) or helical
Highway Bridges.
B 666M Practice for Identification corrugations.
1.3 This specification is applicable to
Marking of Aluminum 4.1.2 Type IA-This pipe shall have a
orders in either SI units (as M 196M) or
Products [Metric] full circular cross-section, with an outer
inch-pound units (as M 196). SI units and
inch-pound units are not necessarily D 1056 Specification for Flexible shell of corrugated sheet and an inner
equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown Cellular Materials-Sponge or liner of smooth (uncorrugated) sheet,
in brackets in the text for clarity, but they Expanded Rubber fabricated with helical corrugations and
are the applicable values when the F 467 Specification for Nonferrous lock seams.
material is ordered to M 196. Nuts for General Use 4.1.3 Type IR-This pipe shall have a
F 467M Specification for full circular cross-section with a single
Nonferrous Nuts for General thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS with helical ribs projecting outwardly.
Use [Metric]
F 468 Specification for Nonferrous 4.1.4 Type II-This pipe shall be a Type
2.1 AASHTO Standards: I pipe which has been reformed into a
Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and
Specifications for Highway Bridges Studs for General Use pipe-arch, having an approximately flat
bottom.
M 197M/M 197 Aluminum Alloy F 468M Specification for
Sheet for Corrugated Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap 4.1.5 Type IIA-This pipe shall be a
Aluminum Pipe Screws, and Studs for Type IA pipe which has been reformed
General Use [Metric] into a pipe-arch, having an approximately
M 198 Joints for Circular Concrete
flat bottom.
Sewer and Culvert Pipe F 568 Specification for Carbon and
Using Flexible Water-tight Alloy Steel Externally 4.1.6 Type IIR-This pipe shall be a
Gaskets Threaded Metric Fasteners Type IR pipe which has been reformed
into a pipe-arch, having an approximately
M 232 Zinc Coating (HotDip) on F 593 Specification for Stainless flat bottom.
Iron and Steel Hardware Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,
and Studs 4.1.7 Type III-This pipe, intended for
M 291 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
use as underdrains or for underground
M 291M Carbon and Alloy Steel F 594 Specification for Stainless disposal of water, shall be a Type I pipe
Nuts (Metric) Steel Nuts which has been perforated to permit the
in-flow or out-flow of water.

223
M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

4.1.8 Type IIIR-This pipe, intended for 6.3 Rivets-The material used for rivets in 7.1.1 Type I pipe shall have annular
the underground disposal of water or for riveted pipe shall conform to the corrugations with lap joints fastened with
subsurface drainage, shall be a Type IR requirements of ASTM B 316 for alloy rivets or shall have helical corrugations
pipe which has been perforated to permit 6053-T4, with the following mechanical with a continuous lock seam extending
the outflow or inflow of water. properties: from end to end of each length of pipe.
4.2 Perforations in Type III pipe are Tensile strength, min, MPa [ksi] ........ 170 [25] As there are important differences in the
classified as Class 1 or Class 2 and Yield strength, min, MPa [ksi] ............ 95 [14] structural characteristics of annular,
perforations in Type IIIR pipe are Shear strength, min, MPa [ksi]........... 105 [15] riveted pipe versus helical pipe, it is
Elongation in 50 mm [2 in.], or 4 X important for the purchaser to stipulate,
classified as Class 4, as described in
diameter, min percent ..............................16 for Type I and Type H pipe, the method
Section 8.3.2.
If bolts and nuts are substituted for rivets of fabrication desired. If the method of
(see Section 7.3.1), they shall meet the fabrication is not stated in the ordering
5. ORDERING INFORMATION following requirements for either steel information, the fabrication method shall
bolts and nuts, stainless steel bolts and be at the option of the fabricator.
5.1 Orders for material to this nuts, or aluminum alloy bolts and nuts: 7.1.2 Type IA pipe shall be fabricated
specification shall include the following Bolts Nuts with a smooth liner and helically
For M 196 pipe:
information as necessary, to adequately (Steel) A 307 M 291. Gr. A corrugated shell integrally attached at
describe the desired product: (Stainless steel) F 593, Allov Grp. F 594. Alloy Grpt. helical lock seams extending from end to
1, 2- or 3 2. or 3
(Aluminum alloy) F 468, Alloy6061- F 467, Alloy6061- end of each length of pipe. The shell shall
5.1.1 Name of material (corrugated T6 T6 have corrugations of nominal 68 or 75
aluminum pipe), For M 196M pipe:
(steel) F 568, C1.4.6 M 291M, C1.5 mm [2 ⅔ or 3 in.] pitch.
5.1.2 AASHTO designation and year (Stainless steel) F 738, Alloy Grp F 836. Alloy Grp
7.1.3 Type IR pipe shall be fabricated
of issue, as M 196M-______ for SI units At, A2, or A4 At, A2, or A4
(Aluminum alloy) F 468M, F 467M. with helical ribs projecting outward with
or M 196-_____ for inch-pound units. Alloy6061-T6 Alloy6061-T6
a continuous lock seam extending from
5.1.3 Type of pipe (Section 4.1), end to end of each length of pipe.
5.1.4 Method of fabrication for Type I The steel bolts and nuts shall be hotdip 7.2 Corrugations-The corrugations shall
and Type II pipe (Section 7.1), galvanized in conformance with be either annular or helical as provided in
5.1.5 Diameter of circular pipe AASHTO M 232, or be mechanically Section 7.1. The direction of the crests
(Section 8.1.1), or span and rise of pipe- galvanized in conformance with and valleys of helical corrugations shall
arch section (Section 8.2.1). AASHTO M 298 Class 40. not be less than 60 degrees from the axis
5.1.6 Length, either total length or 6.4 Hardware for Coupling BandsBolts of the pipe for pipe diameters larger than
length of each piece and number of and nuts for coupling bands shall 500 mm [21 in.], and not less than 45°
pieces, conform to the requirements shown in from the axis for pipe diameters of 500
Section 6.3 except for the coating on steel mm [21 in.] and smaller.
5.1.7 Description of corrugations
bolts and nuts. Steel bolts, nuts, and other 7.2.1 For Type I and IA pipe,
(Section 7.2),
threaded steel items used with coupling corrugations shall form smooth
5.1.8 Sheet thickness (Section 8.1.2), bands shall be zinc coated by one of the continuous curves and tangents. The
5.1.9 Coupling bands, number, and following processes: hot-dip process as dimensions of the corrugations shall be in
type (Section 9.1) if special type is provided in AASHTO M 232; accordance with Table 1 for the size
required, electroplating process as provided in indicated in the order.
5.1.10 Gaskets for coupling bands, if ASTM B 633, Class Fe/Zn 8; or
7.2.2 For Type IR pipe, the
required (Section 9.3), mechanical process as provided in
corrugations shall be essentially
AASHTO M 298, Class 8. Other steel
5.1.11 For perforated pipe, the class of rectangular ribs projecting outward from
hardware items used with coupling bands
perforations. If no class is specified for the pipe wall. The dimensions and
shall be zinc coated by one of the
Type III pipe, Class 1 perforations will be spacings of the ribs shall be in
following processes: hot-dip process as
furnished. Type IIIR pipe is furnished accordance with Table 2 for the size
provided in AASHTO M 232;
with Class 4 perforations only (Section indicated in order. For the 292mm [11½ -
electroplating process as provided in
8.3.2), in.] rib spacing, a stiffener shall be
ASTM B 633 Class Fe/Zn 25; or
included midway between the ribs if the
5.1.12 Certification, if required (Section mechanical process as provided in
sheet between the ribs does not include a
13.1), and AASHTO M 298 Class 25. Aluminum
lock seam. This stiffener shall have a
5.1.13 Special requirements. angles and lugs shall conform to the
nominal radius of 6.4 mm [0.25 in.] and a
requirements of ASTM B 221 or B 221
minimum height of 5.1 mm [0.20 in.]
M for alloy 6063-T6.
6. MATERIALS toward the outside of the pipe.
6.5 Gaskets-If gaskets are used in
couplings, they shall be a band of NOTE 1-The nominal dimensions and
properties for smooth corrugations and for ribs
6.1 Aluminum Sheet for Pipe-All pipe expanded rubber meeting the
are given in AASHTO Standard Specifications
fabricated under this specification shall requirements of ASTM D 1056 for the for Highway Bridges, Division I, Section 12.
be formed from aluminum-alloy sheet "RE" closed cell grades, or 0-rings
conforming to AASHTO M 197M/ M meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 7.3 Riveted Seams-The longitudinal
197. 198. seams shall be staggered to the extent
that no more than three thicknesses of
6.2 Aluminum Sheet for Coupling Bands-
sheet are fastened by any rivet. Pipe to be
The sheet used in fabricating coupling 7. FABRICATION reformed into pipe-arch shape shall have
bands shall conform to AASHTO M
seams meeting the longitudinal seam
197M/M 197.
7.1 General Requirements-Pipe shall be requirement of Section 8.2.2.
fabricated in full circular cross-section.
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M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 1 Corrugated Requirements for Types I, IA, II, IIA, and III Pipe TABLE 2 Rib Requirements for Type IR Pipe
Maximum Minimum Inside RadiusC
Nominal Size
PitchA DepthB Nominal Minimum Rib
M 196M-All values imm Nominal Size MinA Width MinB Depth MaxC Inside Radius
38 by 6.5D 48 6.0 7 6.5 Min Max
68 by 13 73 12E 17 12
Millimeters
75 by 25 83 -24 14 12
19 x 19 x 190 17 18 197 2.5 4
150 by 25 160 24 56 51
19 x 25 X 292 17 24 298 2.5 4
M 196-All values in in.
Inches
1 ½ by ¼D 1⅞ 0.24 9
/32 0.25
¾x¾x7½ 0.68 0.71 7¾ 0.10 0.17
2 ⅔ by ½ 2⅞ 0.48E 11
/16 0.5
9 ¾ x 1 x 11 ½ 0.68 0.95 11 ¾ 0.10 0.17
3 by 1 3¼ 0.95 /16 0.5 A
Width is a measurement of the inside of the rib. Alternately it may be measured
6 by 1 6¼ 0.95 2.2 2.0
A
Pitch is measured from crest to crest of corrugations, at 90 degrees to the direction of the
outside the rib and shall meet or exceed the minimum width plus 2 wall
corrugations. thicknesses-2t - 17 mm t2t + 0.68 in.].
B
B
Depth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on the corrugation crests Depth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on top of
parallel to the axis of the pipe, to the bottom of the intervening valley. the ribs parallel to the axis of the pipe to the outside surface of the flat portion.
C C
Minimum inside radius requirements does not apply to a corrugation containing a helical lock Spacing is measured center to center of the ribs, at 90 degrees to the direction of
seam. the ribs.
D
The corrugation size of 38 by 6.5 mm [1 ½ by ¼ in.] is available only in helically corrugated
pipe.
E
For pipe 300 to 500 mm [12 to 21 in.] diameter inclusive, the minimum corrugation depth shall
be 11 mm [0.42 in.].
have neat, workmanlike, and full 249) of one sheet thickness on one side of
NOTE 2-Fabrication of pipe without hemispherical heads or heads of a form the lock seam, or one-half sheet thickness
longitudinal seams in 120 degrees of arc, so acceptable to the purchaser, shall be on both sides of the lock seam, at the
that the pipe may be installed without
driven without bending, and shall fabricator's option. There shall be no
longitudinal seams in the invert, is subject to
negotiation between the purchaser and completely fill the hole. visual cracks in the metal, loss of
fabricator. 7.4 Helical Lock Seams-The lock seam metalto-metal contact, or excessive
for Type I pipe shall be formed in the angularity on the interior of the 180
7.3.1 The size of rivets, number per degrees fold of metal at the completion of
tangent element of the corrugation profile
corrugation, and width of lap at the forming the lock seam. The lock seam
with its center near the neutral axis of the
longitudinal seam shall be as stated in shall be mechanically staked (indented)
corrugation profile. The lock seam for
Table 3, depending on sheet thickness, at periodic intervals, or otherwise
Type IA pipe shall be in the valley of the
corrugation size, and diameter of pipe. specially constructed to prevent slippage.
corrugation, shall be spaced not more
For pipe with 25-mm [1-in.] deep
than 760 mm [30 in.] apart, and shall be 7.4.2 Specimens cut from production
corrugations, M12 [½-in.] diameter bolts
formed from both the liner and the shell pipe normal to and across the lock seam
and nuts may be used in lieu of rivets on
in the same general manner as Type I shall develop the tensile strength as
a one-for-one replacement ratio.
helical lock seam pipe. The lock seam for provided in Table 4, when tested
Circumferential seams shall be riveted
Type IR pipe shall be formed in the flat according to AASHTO T 249. For Type
using rivets of the same size as for
zone of the pipe wall, midway between IA pipe, the lock seam strength shall be
longitudinal seams and shall have a
two ribs. as tabulated based on the thickness of the
maximum rivet spacing of 150 mm [6
7.4.1 The edges of the sheets within the corrugated shell.
in.], measured on centers, except that six
rivets will be sufficient in 300-mm [12- cross section of the lock seam shall lap at 7.4.3 When the ends of helically
in.] diameter pipe. least 4.0 mm [5/32 in.] for pipe 250 mm corrugated lock seam pipe have been
[10 in.] or less in diameter and at least rerolled to form annular corrugations,
7.3.2 All rivets shall be driven cold in
7.9 mm [5/,6 in.] for pipe greater than either with or without a flanged end
such a manner that the sheets shall be
250 mm [10 in.] in diameter, with an finish, the lock seam in the rerolled end
drawn tightly together throughout the
occasional tolerance of minus 10 percent shall not contain any visible cracks in the
entire lap. The center of a rivet shall be
of lap width allowable. The lapped base metal and the tensile strength of the
no closer than twice its diameter from the
surfaces shall be in tight contact. The lock seam shall be not less than 60
edge of the sheet. The distance between
profile of the sheet shall include a percent of that required in Section 7.4.2.
the centerlines of the two rows of rivets,
retaining offset adjacent to the 180
where two rows are required, shall not be
degrees fold (as described in AASHTO T
less than 38 mm [1 ½ in.]. All rivets shall
TABLE 4 Specified Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Thicknesses and Lock Seam Tensile
TABLE 3 Riveted Longitudinal Seams
Strength
Nominal Corrugation Size
Specified Sheet Specified Sheet Lock Seam Tensile
75 X 25 mmA,B 75 x 25 mmCD 150 X 25 mmED
Thickness ThicknessA,B Strength, min
2 ⅔ x ½ in. 3 X 1 in 6 X 1 in
mm in. Kn/mm lbf/in.
Rivet Diameters, min
mm in. 0.91 0.036 17 100
mm in. mm in. mm in.
5 1.22 0.048 25 145
1.52 0.060 8.0 /16 9.5 ⅜ 12.7 ½
5 1.52 0.060 30 170
1.91 0.075 8.0 /16 9.5 ⅜ 12.7 ½
1.91 0.075 43 245
2.67 0.105 9.5 ⅜ 12.7 ½ 12.7 ½
2.67 0.105 74 425
3.43 0.135 9.5 ⅜ 12.7 ½ 12.7 ½
3.43 0.135 96 550
4.17 0.164 9.5 ⅜ 12.7 ½ 12.7 ½
A 4.17 0.164 122 700
One rivet each valley for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller. Two rivets each valley for A
Thicknesses listed are those included in
pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger.
B AASHTO M 197Mv1 197.
Minimum width of lap 38 mm [1 ½ in.] for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller, and 75 B
For Type IA pipe, the lock seam tensile
mm [3 in.] for pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger.
C strength requirements shall be based on the
Two rivets each valley for all pipe diameters.
D thickness of the corrugated shell.
Minimum width of lap: 75 mm [3 in.] for pipe of all diameters.
E
Two rivets each crest and valley for all pipe diameters.

225
M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 5 Pipe Sizes

Nominal Inside Diameter Corrugation SizesA Minimum Outside CircumferenceB
38 by 6.5 mm 68 by 13 mm 75 by 25 mm 150 by 25 mm Ribbed
mm in. mm in.
1 ½ by ¼ in. 2 ⅔ by ½ in. 3 by 1 in. 6 by 1 in. PipeC
100 4 X
150 6 X
200 8 X
250 10 X
300 12 X 912 36.5
400 15 X X 1226 46.0
450 18 X X 1383 55.4
500 21 X X 1540 64.8
600 24 X X 1854 74.2
700 - X X 2169 -
800 30 X X X 2483 93.1
900 36 X X X 2797 111.9
1000 42 X- X X 3111 130.8
1200 48 X X X X 3739 149.6
1400 54 X X X X 4364 168.4
- 60 X X X X - 187.0
1600 - X X X X 4987 -
- 66 X X X X - 205.7
1800 72 X X X X 5609 224.3
2000 78 X X X 6231 243.0
2200 84 X X X 6853 261.7
- 90 X X - 280.3
2400 96 X X 7475 299.0
- 102 X X - 317.6
2700 108 X X 8408 336.3
- 114 X X - 355.0
3000 120 X 9341 373.6
A
An "X" indicates standard corrugation sizes for each nominal diameter of pipe.
B
Measured in valley of annular corrugations. Not applicable to helically corrugated pipe.
C
Rib sizes 19 by 19 by 190 mm ['/, by '/, by 7'/- in.] and 19 by 25 by 292 mm ['/, by I by 1 I'/2 in.].

7.5 End Finish: 8. PIPE REQUIREMENTS Type I pipe; the liner shall have a
7.5.1 To facilitate field jointing, the nominal thickness of at least 0.91 mm
ends of individual pipe sections with [0.036 in.]; and the sum of the specified
8.1 Type I, Type IA, and Type IR Pipe: thicknesses of shell and liner shall equal
helical corrugations or ribs may be
rerolled to form annular corrugations 8.1.1 Pipe Dimensions-The nominal or exceed the specified thickness of an
extending at least two corrugations from diameter of the pipe shall be as stated in equivalent pipe of identical corrugations
the pipe end, or to form an upturned the order, selected from the sizes listed in as the shell according to the design
flange meeting the requirements in Table 5. The size of corrugations which criteria in the AASHTO Standard
Section 7.5.3, or both. The diameter of are standard for each size of pipe are also Specifications for Highway Bridges.
ends shall not exceed that of the pipe shown in Table 5. The average inside
diameter of circular pipe and pipe to be NOTE 4-The sheet thicknesses indicated in
barrel by more than the depth of the Table 4 are the thicknesses listed as available
corrugation. All types of pipe ends, reformed into pipe-arches shall not vary in AASHTO M 197M/M 197.
whether rerolled or not, shall be matched more than 1 percent or 13 mm [½ in.],
whichever is greater, from the nominal NOTE 5-The purchaser should determine the
in a joint such that the maximum required thickness for Type I, IA, or IR pipe,
difference in the diameter of abutting diameter when measured on the inside
crest of the corrugations. Alternately, for or Type I, IA, or IR pipe to be reformed into
pipe ends is 13 mm [½ in.]. Type 11, IIA, or IIR pipe according to the
pipe having annular corrugations, design criteria in AASHTO Specifications for
7.5.2 When pipe with helical conformance with the inside diameter Highway Bridges, or other appropriate
corrugations or ribs is rerolled to form requirement may be determined by guidelines. Specified thickness of 0.91 mm
annular corrugations in the ends, the measuring the outside circumference, for [0.036 in.] is generally used only for Type IA
usual size of annular corrugations is 68 which minimum values are given in pipe.
by 13 mm [2 ⅔ by ½ in.]. Table 5.
8.1.3 When specified by the purchaser,
7.5.3 If a flanged finish is used on the
NOTE 3-The outside circumference of the finished pipe shall be factory
ends of individual pipe sections to helically corrugated pipe is influenced by the elongated to the extent specified. The
facilitate field jointing, the flange shall be corrugation size and the angle of the elongation shall be accomplished by the
uniform in width, be not less than 13 mm corrugations, affecting the number of use of a mechanical apparatus which will
[½ in.] wide, and shall be square to the corrugations crossed, therefore no minimum
produce a uniform deformation
longitudinal axis of the pipe. circumferential measurement can be specified.
throughout the length of the section.
7.5.4 The ends of all pipe which will 8.1.2 Sheet Thickness-Sheet thickness
form the inlet and outlet of culverts, NOTE 6-When corrugated aluminum pipe is
shall be specified by the purchaser from designed and installed according to AASHTO
fabricated of sheets having nominal the specified sheet thicknesses listed in Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,
thicknesses of 1.91 mm [0.075 in.] and Table 4 (Notes 4 and 5). For Type IA vertical elongation (factory or field) is not
less, shall be reinforced in a manner pipe, the thickness of both the shell and required for structural purposes.
approved by the purchaser, when the liner shall be given; the thickness of
specified. the corrugated shell shall be at least 60 8.2 Type II, IIA, and HR Pipe:
percent of the thickness of the equivalent

226
M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 6M Pipe-Arch Requirements-68 by 13-mm Corrugations 8.2.1 Pipe-Arch Dimensions-Pipe

Pipe Arch Size, mm Equiv. Dia., mm SpanA mm RiseA mm Min Comer Radius, mm Max BB mm
furnished as Type II, IIA, or IIR shall be
450 by 340 400 460 340 75 120
510 by 380 450 510 380 75 125 made from Type I, IA, or IR pipe
560 by 420 500 560 420 75 130 respectively, and shall be reformed to
680 by 500 600 680 500 75 150 provide a pipe-arch shape. All applicable
800 by 580 700 800 580 75 185
910 by 660 800 910 660 75 200
requirements for Types I, IA, or IR pipe
1030 by 740 900 1030 740 75 250 shall be met by finished Types II, HA,
1150 by 820 1000 1150 820 90 300 and IIR respectively. Pipe-arches shall
1390 by 970 1200 1390 970 125 350 conform to the dimensional requirements
1630 by 1120 1400 1630 1120 150 380
1880 by 1260 1600 1880 1260 200 450 of Tables 6M, 7M, or 8M [Tables 6, 7, or
2130 by 1400 1800 2130 1400 225 500 8]. All dimensions shall be measured
A
A tolerance of ± 25 min or 2 percent of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, is permissible in span and from the inside crest of corrugations for
rise.
B
B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
Type II pipe or from the inside liner or
portion of the base. surface for Types HA or HR pipe,
respectively.
TABLE 6 Pipe-Arch Requirements 2 ⅔ by ½ in. Corrugations
Pipe Arch Size, in. Equiv. Dia., in. SpanA in. RiseA in. Min Comer Radius, in. Max BB in. 8.2.2 Longitudinal Seams-Longitudinal
17 X 13 15 17 13 3 5¼ seams of riveted pipe-arches shall not be
21 x 15 18 21 15 3 6 placed in the corner radius.
24 x 18 21 24 18 3 7¼
28 x 20 24 28 20 3 8 8.2.3 Reforming Type IR pipe into
35 x 24 30 35 24 3 9½ Type 11R pipe-and shall be done in such
42 x 29 36 42 29 3½ 10 ½ a manner as to avoid damage to the
49 x 33 42 49 33 4 11 ½
57 x 38 48 57 38 5 13 ½ external ribs.
64 x 43 54 64 43 6 15 8.3 Type III and IIIR Pipe:
71 x 47 60 71 47 7 16 ½
77 x 52 66 77 52 8 18 8.3.1 Type III and IIIR pipe shall have
83 x 57 72 83 57 9 20 a full circular cross-section and shall
A
A tolerance of ± I in. or 2 percent of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, is permissible in span and rise.
B
B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
conform to the requirements for Type I
portion of the base. or Type IR pipe, and in addition shall
contain perforations conforming to one
of the classes described in Section 8.3.2.
TABLE 7M Pipe-Arch Requirements-75 by 25-mm Corrugations
Pipe Arch Size, mm Equiv. Dia., mm SpanA mm RiseA mm
Min Comer Radius, 8.3.2 Perforations-The perforations in
mm Type III pipe shall conform to the
1330 by 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
1550 by 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200
requirements for Class 1 or Class 2 as
1780 by 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300 specified in the order and described in
2080 by 1530 1800 2010 - 90 1500 + 90 350 Section 8.3.2.1 and Section 8.3.2.2,
2230 by 1700 2000 2230 - 110 1700 + 110 350 respectively. The perforations in Type
2500 by 1830 2200 2500 - 130 1830 + 130 400
2800 by 1950 2400 2800 - 140 1950 + 140 450 IIIR pipe shall conform to the
3300 by 2080 2700 3300 - 160 2080 + 160 450 requirements for Class 4 as described in
A
3650 by 2280 3000 3650 - 170 2280 + 170 450 Section 8.3.2.3. Class 1 perforations are
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances, zero for pipe intended to be used for
tolerance in opposite direction.
subsurface drainage. Class 2 and Class 4
TABLE 7 Pipe-Arch Requirements-3 by I in. Corrugations perforations are for pipe intended to be
Pipe Arch Size, mm Equiv. Dia., mm SpanA mm RiseA mm
Min Comer Radius, used for subsurface disposal of water, but
mm
pipe containing these classes of
53 X 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
60 X 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8 perforations may also be used for
66 X 51 60 66-3.0 51 +3.0 9 subsurface drainage.
73 X 55 66 73 - 3.3 55 + 3.3 12
81 X 59 72 81 - 3.6 59 + 3.6 14 8.3.2.1 Class I Perforations-The
87 X 63 78 87 - 4.4 63 + 4.4 14 perforations shall be approximately
95 X 67 84 95 - 4.8 67 + 4.8 16 circular and cleanly cut; shall have
103 X 71 90 103 - 5.2 71 + 5.2 16
112 X 75 96 112 - 5.6 75 + 5.6 18
nominal diameters of not less than 4.8
117 X 79 102 117 - 5.9 79 + 5.9 18 mm [3/16 in.] nor greater than 9.5 mm [⅜
128 X 83 108 128 - 6.4 83 + 6.4 18 in.]; and shall be arranged in rows
137 X 87 114 137 - 6.9 87 + 6.9 18 parallel to the axis of the pipe. The
142 X 91 120 142 - 7.1 91 + 7.1 18
A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances, zero perforations shall be located on the inside
tolerance in opposite direction. crests or along the neutral axis of the
corrugations, with one perforation in
each row for each corrugation. Pipe
TABLE 8M Pipe-Arch Requirements-19 by 19 by 190 mm and 19 by 25 by 292 mm Rib Corrugations
Pipe Arch Size, mm Equiv. Dia., mm SpanA mm RiseA mm Min Comer Radius, mm connected by couplings or bands may be
500 x 400 450 500 - 25 400 + 25 125 unperforated within 100 mm [4 in.] of
550 x 450 500 550 - 25 450 + 25 125 each end of each length of pipe. The
680 x 530 600 680 - 40 530 + 40 125
770 x 630 700 770 - 40 630 + 40 125
rows of perforations shall be arranged in
880 x 690 800 880 - 40 690 + 40 125 two equal groups placed symmetrically
1000 x 770 900 1000 - 50 770 + 50 125 on either side of a lower unperforated
1100 x 850 1000 1100 - 50 850 + 50 150 segment corresponding to the flow line
1330 x 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
1550 x 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200 of the pipe. The spacing of the rows shall
1780 x 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300 be uniform. The distance between the
A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances, zero center lines of rows shall be not less than
tolerance in opposite direction. 25 mm [1 in.]. The minimum number of
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M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 8 Pipe-Arch Requirements-¾ , by ¾ by 7 ½ in. and ¾ by 1 by 11 ½ in. Rib Corrugations longitudinal rows of perforations, the
Pipe Arch Size, in. Equiv. Dia., in. SpanA in. RiseA in. Min Corner Radius, in.
maximum heights of the centerlines of
20 x 16 18 20 - 1.0 16 + 1.0 5
23 x 19 21 23 - 1.0 19 + 1.0 5 the uppermost rows above the bottom of
27 x 21 24 27 - 1.5 21+ 1.5 5 the invert, and the inside chord lengths of
33 x 26 30 33 - 1.5 26 + 1.5 5 the unperforated segments illustrated in
40 x 31 36 40 - 1.8 31 + 1.8 5
46 x 36 42 46 - 2.1 36 + 2.1 6
Figure 1 shall be as specified in Table 9.
53 x 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
NOTE 7-Pipe with Class I perforations is
60 x 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8
66 x 51 60 66 - 3.0 51 + 3.0 9 generally available in diameters from 100 to
A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances, zero 500 mm [4 to 21 in.] inclusive, although per-
tolerance in opposite direction. forated pipe in larger sizes may be obtained.

8.3.2.2 Class 2 Perforations-The

perforations shall be circular holes with
nominal diameters of 8.0 to 9.5 mm [5/16
to ⅜ in.], or slots with nominal width of
4.8 to 8.0 mm [3/16 to 5/16 in.] and
maximum length of 13 mm [½ in.]. The
perforations shall be uniformly spaced
around the full periphery of the pipe. The
perforations shall provide an opening
area of not less than 230 square
centimeters per square meter [3.3 sq. in.
per sq. ft] of pipe surface based on
nominal diameter and length of pipe.
NOTE 8-323 perforations, 9.5-mm diameter
per square meter [30 perforations, ⅜-in.
diameter per sq. ft] satisfies the inlet area
requirement for Class 2 perforations.

8.3.2.3 Class 4 Perforations-The

perforations shall be circular holes with
nominal diameters of 8.0 to 9.5 mm [5/16
to ⅜ in.], or slots with nominal width of
4.8 to 8.0 mm [3/16 to 5/16 in.] and
maximum length of 12.7 mm [½ in.]. All
perforations shall occur in the flat sheet
between spiral ribs or lockseam with the
center of any hole no closer than 19.0
mm [¾ in.] from the outside edge of a
rib. The perforations shall be uniformly
spaced around the full periphery of the
pipe. The perforations shall provide an
opening area of not less than 140 square
centimeters per square meter [2.0 sq. in.
per sq. ft] of pipe surface based on
nominal diameter and length of pipe.
TABLE 9 Rows of Perforations, Height H of the Center line of the Uppermost Rows Above the Invert, and NOTE 9-There is no provision for Class 3
Chord Length L of Unperforated Segment, for Class I Perforations perforations in this specification.

Rows of
Internal Diameter of Pipe H, maxB L, minB
PerforationsA 9. COUPLING BANDS
mm in. mm in. mm in.
100 4 2 46 1.8 64 2.6
150 6 4 69 2.8 96 3.8 9.1 Types of Coupling Bands-Field joints
200 8 4 92 3.7 128 5.1
for each type of corrugated aluminum
250 10 4 115 4.6 160 6.4
300 12 6 138 5.5 192 7.7 pipe shall maintain pipe alignment
400 15 6 184 6.9 256 9.6 during construction and prevent
450 18 6 207 8.3 288 11.5 infiltration of fill material during the life
500 21 6 230 9.7 320 13.4 of the installation.
600 and C C C C
24 and larger 8 9.1.1 Coupling bands may be of the
larger
following types:
A
Minimum number of rows. A greater number of rows for increased inlet area shall be subject to agreement
between purchaser and fabricator. Note that the number of perforations per unit length in each row (and inlet 9.1.1.1 Bands with annular corrugations;
area) is dependent on the corrugation pinch. 9.1.1.2 Bands with helical corrugations;
B
See figure 1 for location of dimensions H and L
C
H (max) = 0 46D: L (min) = 0 64D, where D = internal diameter of pipe, millimeters or inches as appropriate. 9.1.1.3 Bands with projections
(dimples);
9.1.1.4 Channel bands for upturned
flanges, with or without annular
corrugations;
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M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

9.1.1.5 Flat bands; and connected in a manner approved by the effective as those described, and which
9.1.1.6 Smooth sleeve-type couplers. purchaser with suitable aluminum or comply with the joint performance
galvanized steel devices such as: angles, criteria of AASHTO Standard
9.1.2 Except as provided in Sections or integrally or separately formed and Specifications for Highway Bridges, may
9.1.3 through 9.1.7, the type of coupling attached flanges, bolted with bolts as be used when approved by the purchaser.
furnished shall be at the option of the described in Section 6.4; bars and straps;
fabricator unless the type is specified in wedge lock and straps; or lugs. Coupling
the order. bands shall be fastened with the 10. WORKMANSHIP
NOTE 10-Bands are classified according to following size of bolts: pipe diameters
their ability to resist shear, moment, and 450 mm [18 in.] and less-M10 [⅜ -in.] 10.1 The completed pipe shall show
tensile forces as described in AASHTO diameter; pipe diameters 500 mm [21 in.] careful, finished workmanship in all
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, and greater-M12 [½-in.] diameter. particulars. Pipe which has been
and identified as "standard joints" and "special
joints." The four types of bands listed in TABLE 10 Coupling Band Thickness damaged, either during fabrication or in
Sections 9.1.1.1 through 9.1.1.4, and meeting Nominal Coupling Band shipping. may be rejected unless repairs
Nominal Pipe Thickness
the requirements of Section 9.2, are expected Thickness, minimum are made which are satisfactory to the
mm in. mm in. purchaser. Among others, the following
to meet the requirements for "standard joints."
2.67 and 0.105 and
Some may also be able to meet the require- thinner thinner
1.22 0.048 defects shall be considered as
ments for "special joints," but such capability 3.43 0.135 1.52 0.060 constituting poor workmanship:
should be determined by analysis or test. 4.17 0.164 1.91 0.075
10.1.1 Variation from a straight center
9.1.3 Coupling bands with annular 9.2.1 If flanges are provided on the line;
corrugations shall be used only with pipe pipe ends, the coupling may also be made
10.1.2 Elliptical shape in pipe intended
with annular corrugations, or helical pipe by interlocking the flanges with a
to be round;
in which the ends have been re-rolled to preformed channel band or other band
form annular corrugations. The incorporating a locking channel not less 10.1.3 Dents or bends in the metal;
corrugations in the band shall have the than 19 mm [¾ in.] in width. The depth 10.1.4 Lack of rigidity;
same dimensions as the corrugations in of the channel shall be not less than 13 10.1.5 Illegible markings on the
the pipe end, or may be of a special mm [½ in.]. The channel band shall have aluminum sheet;
design to engage either the first or second a minimum nominal thickness of 1.91
mm [0.075 in.]. 10.1.6 Ragged or diagonal sheared
corrugation from the end of each pipe.
edges;
The band may also include a U-shaped 9.2.2 Smooth sleeve type couplings
channel to accommodate upturned and flat bands shall be aluminum sheet 10.1.7 Uneven laps in riveted pipe;
flanges on the pipe. having a nominal thickness of not less 10.1.8 Loose, unevenly lined, or un
9.1.4 Coupling bands with helical than 0.91 mm [0.036 in.], or as an option, evenly spaced rivets; and
corrugations shall be used only with pipe may be a plastic sleeve to provide 10.1.9 Loosely formed lock-seams.
with helically corrugated ends. The equivalent strength. The coupling shall be
corrugations in the bands shall be close fitting, to hold the pipe firmly in
designed to properly mesh with the alignment without the use of sealing 11. INSPECTION
corrugations in the pipe. compounds or gaskets. The coupling or
9.1.5 Coupling bands with projections flat band shall contain a device so that the 11.1 When agreement is made as part
(dimples) may be used with pipe with band or coupling will lap equally on the of the purchase contract, the purchaser or
either annular or helical corrugations. two pipes being joined. The overall representative shall have free access to
The bands shall be formed with the length of the coupling shall be equal to or the fabricating plant for inspection, and
projections in annular rows with one greater than the nominal diameter of the every facility shall be extended for this
projection for each corrugation of helical pipe. purpose. This inspection shall include an
pipe. Bands 265 mm wide shall have two 9.3 Gaskets-Where infiltration or examination of the pipe for the items in
annular rows of projections, and bands exfiltration is a concern, the couplings Section 10.1 and the specific require-
415 and 660 mm [16 ¼ and 26 in.] wide may be required to have gaskets. The ments of this specification applicable to
shall have four annular rows of closed-cell expanded rubber gaskets shall the type of pipe and method of
projections. be a continuous band, approximately 180 fabrication.
9.1.6 Channel bands may be used only mm [7 in.] wide and approximately 9.5 11.2 On a random basis, samples may
with pipe having upturned flanges on the mm [⅜ in.] thick. Rubber O-ring gaskets be taken for chemical analysis and
pipe ends. shall be 20-mm [13/16-in.] diameter for mechanical property determination for
pipe diameters of 900 mm [36 in.] or check purposes. These samples will be
9.1.7 Smooth sleeve-type couplers and smaller, and 22-mm [⅞-in.] diameter for
flat bands may be used with Type III pipe secured from fabricated pipe or from
larger pipe diameters, having 13 mm [½ sheets or coils of the material used in
of 300-mm [12-in.] diameter or smaller. in.] deep end corrugations. Rubber O- fabrication of the pipe. Testing shall be as
9.2 Requirements-Coupling bands shall ring gaskets shall be 35-mm [1 ⅜ in.] described in AASHTO M 197M/M 197.
be fabricated to lap on an equal portion of diameter for pipe having 25-mm [1-in.]
each of the pipe sections to be connected. deep end corrugations.
The ends of the bands shall lap or be 12. REJECTION
NOTE 11-Riveted pipe is not water tight,
fabricated to form a tightly closed joint having small openings at the intersection of
upon installation. Coupling band thick- longitudinal and circumferential seams. 12.1 Pipe failing to conform to the
ness shall conform to the requirements in Therefore, this type of fabrication should not requirements of this specification may be
Table 10, based on the sheet thickness of be used where water tightness is a concern
rejected. This requirement applies not
the pipe to be connected, except as unless the pipe is bituminous coated or lined
prior to installation. only to the individual pipe, but to any
provided in Sections 9.2.1 and 9.2.2. The
shipment as a whole where a substantial
band width shall be not less than as 9.4 Other types of coupling bands or number of pipe are defective. If the
shown in Table 11. The bands shall be fastening devices that are equally average deficiency in length of any
229
M 196 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

shipment of pipe is greater than 1 if numerical results are required by the 14.2.1 Name of sheet manufacturer,
percent, the shipment may be rejected. purchaser, tests should be performed on the
finished sheet.
14.2.2 Identification of the pipe
fabricator, if different than the sheet
13. CERTIFICATION manufacturer,
14. PRODUCT MARKING 14.2.3 Alloy and temper,
13.1 When specified in the purchase 14.2.4 Specified thickness,
order or contract, a manufacturer's or 14.1 If the aluminum alloy sheet was 14.2.5 Fabricator's date of corrugating or
fabricator's certification, or both, shall be not marked by the manufacturer as forming into pipe by a six-digit number
furnished to the purchaser stating that indicated in AASHTO M 197M/M 197, it indicating in order the year, month, and
samples representing each lot have been shall be marked by the fabricator as day of the month, and
tested and inspected in accordance with described in Section 14.2, during the
course of corrugating the sheet and 14.2.6 AASHTO designation number.
this specification and have been found to
meet the requirements for the material fabricating the pipe. 14.3 The marking shall be applied to
described in the order. When specified in 14.2 Each corrugated sheet used in the sheet by a permanent method such as
the order, a report of the mechanical test annular corrugated pipe, and each 0.6 to coining in accordance with ASTM B 666
results and chemical composition limits 1.5 m [2 to 5 ft] of coiled sheet used in or B 666M. This identification shall
shall be furnished. helically corrugated pipe, shall be appear on the outside of the pipe
identified by the fabricator showing the
NOTE 12-As the identity of the sheet is not
maintained from the original ingot production,
following:

TABLE 11 Counline Band Width Requirements

Nominal Nominal Pipe Inside Coupling Band Width, min
Corrugation SizeA Dia.B Annular Corrugated Bands Helically Corrugated Bands Bands With Projections
M 196M-All values as millimeters
38 by 65 100 to 250 265 180 265
68 by 13 300 to 900 180 300 265
1000 to 1800 265 300 265
2000 to 3000C 265 300 415
75 by 25 800 to 1800 300 350 265
2000 to 3000 300 350 415
150 by 25 1200 to 2700 600 600 660
M 196-.All values in inches
1 ½ by ¼ 4 to 10 10 ½ 7 10 ½
2 ⅔ by ½ 12 to 36 7 12 10 ½
42 to 72 10 ½ 12 10 ½
78 to 120C 10 ½ 12 10 ¼
3 by 1 30 to 72 12 14 10 ½
78 to 120 12 14 16 ¼
6 by 1 48 to 114 24 24 26
A
For helically corrugated pipe with rerolled ends, the nominal corrugation size refers to the dimensions of the end corrugations in the pipe.
B
Equivalent diameter of Type 11, Type IIA, and Type IIR pipe.
C
Diameters through 3000 mm [120 in.) for annular corrugated bands used on rerolled ends of helically corrugated pipe.

230