BFC 32602

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

SYSTEM
Sem. 2-2017/2018
Dr. Rafikullah Deraman
Room M202-04
019-9440083
rafikullah@uthm.edu.my

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 Introduction
to M&E System

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 Introduction
• M&E systems use and convert energy and move
fluids to make buildings habitable and functional.
• A basic understanding of fluid flow, energy forms,
and conversion factors is essential to study of M&E
systems and in understanding discussions of M& E
systems in design and construction.

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• Modern buildings are no longer • Modern buildings mostly depend on
the mechanical and electrical systems
just shelters from rain, wind, for heating, cooling and ventilation.
snow, sun, or other harsh • Modern buildings consume more
electrical and water than before.
conditions of nature.
• Buildings consume up to 40% of
• Rather, they are built to create the total global energy. By the
better, more consistent, more year 2030, the consumption is
expected to increase to 50%. In
productive environments in Malaysia, buildings consume a
which to work and to live. total of 48% of the electricity
generated in the country.
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 Vernacular Architecture
• The term vernacular is derived
from the Latin vernaculus,
meaning domestic, native, and
indigenous.
• Vernacular architecture is a term A House in Nepal

used to categorize methods of

construction which use locally
available resources and traditions
to address local needs and
circumstances. A House in Korea
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 Kuala Lumpur 1900 New York 1900

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London 1900 rafikkembara.blogspot.com Germany 1900 10
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 M&E Mechanical Services Philosophy
• The design of the M&E Services must take into
account
the site microclimate,
the building form and orientation of spaces,
the thermal performance characteristics of
the building,
the occupancy trends and
restrictions on pollutant emissions
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• The following issues shall be consider:

 appropriate mechanical systems;

 capital cost, running costs, replacement cost,
 plant space,
 controls,
 maintenance,
 efficiency,
 noise,
 appearance,
 Interference with user events,
 response,
 impact on build,
 compatibility with natural ventilation
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 BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS
CLASSIFICATION
Building Operation
Mechanical Systems Electrical Systems
Systems

• HVAC; (Heating, • Electrical power; • Transportation;

Ventilating and Air (Normal, standby, (Elevators, escalators,
Conditioning) emergency power supply walkways)
• Site utilities; (Water and distribution) • Processing; (Production,
supply, storm water • Lighting; (Interior, food service)
drainage, sanitary exterior, emergency • Automation;
disposal, gas supply) lighting) (Environmental controls,
• Plumbing; (Water • Auxiliary or support managements,)
distribution, water system; (Telephone, • Special systems
treatment, sanitary signal, data, audio video,
facilities) fire alarm, security
• Fire protection; (Water systems)
supply, stand pipe, fire
and smoke detection,
automatic sprinklers,
annunciation)
• Special systems

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• The complexity of M&E systems varies with:
 Living standards of the society
Climatic conditions of the region
Occupancy and
quality of the building

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM for BUILDING
• Modern Building Function:
• shelters from rain
• shelter from wind
• shelter from snow
• shelter from sun
• shelter from other harsh conditions of nature.
• Modern Building System function:
Built to create better, more consistent,
more productive environments in
which to work and to live.

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM for BUILDING

• Lighting
• Comfortable space temperature
Building •
•
Humidity
Air quality
System • Convenient power and communication
capability
Features: • High quality sanitation
• Reliable systems for the protection of life
and property.

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 i ii

iv

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iii rafikkembara.blogspot.com 20
 v

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL &
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM for BUILDING
i. Block-type Buildings Without
Windows (such as department
stores),
• Totally dependent on electrical
lighting (light source), ventilation,
and space conditioning.
ii. High Rise Building
• High rise building rely on high-
speed vertical transportation and
high pressure water for drinking
and cleaning purposes and for
protection against fire.

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 WORLD'S TALLEST BUILDINGS RANKED

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 Proper
Ventilation

Building
Safety Transportati
on

Comfortable
Living
Sanitary Lighting
System System

Acoustic Water
System Supply

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 Comfortable Living

Standard of Comfortable Living:

British Standard, ASHRAE Standard,
Malaysian Standard

Laws and Enforcement:

Uniform Building By Law (1984),
Local Authorities Guidelines,
Technical Department Guidelines.

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 The Impact of Building M&E Systems

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 Impact on Space Planning
 The M&E affects; the gross floor area,
footprint (size & shape of ground floor),
floor to floor height, geometry,
architectural expression
 Allocations are made during the space
programming phase to allow
appropriate size and strategic location
 Example;
(1) Large office buildings:
Central cooling/heating
equipment needs extra floor to
floor height (22ft~),

(2) Commercial Building: Complex ductwork, HVAC and

plumbing needs ceiling cavity (2~3 ft)
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Impact on Space Planning- Con’t

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the space required
for specialty buildings such as laboratories, computer centers and
residences.

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Impact on Architectural Design

 Early building design; one room, one window for ventilation and lighting
 Modern buildings develops according to the modernization of building M&E systems
(common building geometry figures)
 Building Height Vs Space utilization; 7 storey (75ft ~) buildings are considered high-rise
(determined by the reach of firefighters ladder), limit the ability for human to walk up and
down stairs > transportation is needed
 Height increases = Less usable space on the floor – more floor for stairs, elevators,
structural elements, M/E shafts, etc

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 Impact on Architectural Design

Building Height Classification:

Low Rise Building: less than 7 storey or lower than 75 feet from street level
High Rise Building: 7 storey – 29 storey
Super High Rise Building: 30 storey – 50 storey
Skyscrapers: 51 storey and above.

Basic Building Shapes

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 Impact on Construction Cost
Building Height on Construction Cost
 Taller buildings needs more time, hoisting equipment and complicated scheduling to raise
M/E materials to upper floors
 Buildings more than 10 stories increases 5-15% of cost for the next 5 stories per floor area,
15~ stories increases 10~15%
M&E Systems Vs. Construction Cost
 Depends on; the type of building, standard of living, architectural design, the systems selected
Table 1-2: Range of M&E systems costs of buildings
Impact on Operating Cost
 Includes; energy consumption, routine maintenance,
repairs, replacements and utilities
 Building Structural components (except roof) are usually
long lasting
 M&E vs initial capital investment

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the

space required for specialty buildings such as laboratories,
computer centers and residences.

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Impact on Global Environment

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 Thermal Heat Island effect at urban
area
Image of Atlanta, Georgia, showing
temperature distribution, with blue
showing cool temperatures, red warm,
and hot areas appear white.

Light Pollution

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 IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS

Space Planning Highest

Minor impact
Contribution to impact

Architectural Design

Design/Construction
Priority During
level

Construction Cost

Global Environments
Major impact Lowest

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SYSTEM INTEGRATION &
MANAGEMENT
• Integrated Building Management System (IBMS) a complete information delivery
system that monitors and controls a variety of systems and functions at an optimal
level of efficiency.

• IBMS is an intelligent/smart building system and the system design consists of the
following components :
i. Building automation System
ii.Fire Detection and Alarm System
iii.Public Address System
iv.Security System

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INTEGRATED BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
• An Integrated Building • Those are, Power systems,
Management System (IBMS) Lighting system, Electric
is a computer-based power control system,
integrated control system. Ventilation and Air-
• It is installed in areas like conditioning System,
large Residential Security system, Magnetic
compounds, Office card and access system, Fire
buildings, Institution alarm system, Lifts/
Campuses, Elevators, Plumbing system,
• IBMS mainly consists of the Burglar alarms, CCTV, Home
most crucial systems for the Automation System, etc.
safe and smooth running of
a business area or building.
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INTEGRATED BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

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 SYSTEM BENEFITS
Better Management
• improved plant reliability and life
• effective response to Ventilation and Air-conditioning
related complaints
• save time and money during the maintenance
• increased staff productivity

Better Control
• good control of internal comfort conditions
• possibility of individual room control
• effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption

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