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Factors Affecting Health and Illness

The document discusses several key factors that influence health and illness, including physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, socio-cultural, and spiritual dimensions. It then provides an overview of the US healthcare system, including types of healthcare services (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention), providers (nurses, doctors, alternative providers), and agencies (public health departments, private hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities). It concludes by outlining some factors that affect healthcare delivery, such as access, special populations, technology advances, economics, insurance coverage, and payment sources.

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Vanessa Mae Ilagan
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4K views5 pages

Factors Affecting Health and Illness

The document discusses several key factors that influence health and illness, including physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, socio-cultural, and spiritual dimensions. It then provides an overview of the US healthcare system, including types of healthcare services (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention), providers (nurses, doctors, alternative providers), and agencies (public health departments, private hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities). It concludes by outlining some factors that affect healthcare delivery, such as access, special populations, technology advances, economics, insurance coverage, and payment sources.

Uploaded by

Vanessa Mae Ilagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factors Affecting Health and Illness

1. Physical Dimension - Genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race and sex are
all part of an individual’s physical dimension.

2. Emotional Dimension - How the mind and body interact to affect body function
and to respond to body conditions also influences health.

3. Intellectual Dimension
Encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experiences. These
influence a client’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to health care
during illness. They also play a major role in health behaviors

4. Environmental Dimension
The environment has many influences on health and illness. Housing, sanitation,
climate and pollution of air, food and water are aspects of environmental dimension.

5. Socio-cultural Dimension
Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic level,
lifestyle, family and culture.

6. Spiritual Dimension
Spiritual and religious beliefs are important components of the way the
person behaves in health and illness.

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM


Totality of services offered by all health disciplines (Kozier, 2016).
Is a mechanism for providing services that meet the health-related needs of individuals.

Types of health care services


Primary prevention
 Based on the notion of maintaining an optimum level of wellness
 Staying healthy and avoiding illness
 Address areas such as :
 Adequate and proper nutrition
 Weight control and exercise
 Stress reduction

Secondary prevention: Diagnosis and treatment


 Early detection of disease
 Routine screening of the population at risk for developing certain conditions
Examples :
 Bone density scan
 Dental exam
 Screening for cholesterol and blood pressure
 Early detection of cancer

Tertiary prevention: Rehabilitation, health restoration,and palliative care


Goal is to help people move to their previous level of health
Emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function adequately in the
physical,mental, social, economic and vocational areas
Palliative –end of life care
Providers of health care

Providers of health care


 Nurse
 Dentist
 Occupational therapist
 Paramedical technologist
 Pharmacist
 Physical therapist
 Physician
 Podiatrist
 Respiratory therapist
 Social worker

* Alternative (Complementary Care Providers) = practicing not commonly considered western


medicines
 Chiropractors Reflexologist
 Herbalist Holistic Health Healers
 Acupuncturist
 Massage therapist
Types of health care agencies

1. Public Health – Daniels & Wilkins

Services:
Immunizations
Prenatal care/ maternal and child care
Environmental concerns
Analysis of the prevailing disease pattern in the community

Public/Government agencies
 Barangay Health Centers
 District hospitals
 Provincial hospitals
 Specialty hospitals

Current Public Health Problems


 Increase of sexually transmitted diseases
 Appearance of new fatal diseases (AIDS, Ebola virus)
 Emergence of drug resistant strains of tuberculosis
 Under immunization of infants & children
 Prevalence of underweight and inadequately nourished young people.
 Presence of toxic environmental conditions.

2. Private hospitals
 Comprises independent providers who are reimbursed for a fee-for- service basis
 Vary in bed capacities and services offered.
Physician’s offices/clinics (Kozier)
 Some physicians have a clinic/office of their own apart from the hospitals they are
affiliated
 While others have offices/clinics in a building located within or adjacent to a
hospital
 Occupational health clinics
 Includes work safety and health education
 Annual employee screening for TB and other health problems
 Immunization
 Screening for obesity and hypertension
 Care for employees following injuries
 counselling
Extended ( Long term ) care facilities. Formerly called nursing home
Provides level of personal care for those who are chronically ill or unable to care
for themselves without assistance
Rehabilitation centers
Play an important role in assisting clients to restore their health and recuperate

Day care centers


 Provide care for infants and children while parents work
 Provide care and nutrition for adults who cannot be left alone but do not need to be
in an institution
Ambulatory Care Centers
 Ambulatory care centers are used in many communities. Most ambulatory care
centers have diagnostic and treatment facilities that provide medical, nursing,
laboratory, and radiologic services, and
 They may or may not be associated with an acute care hospital.
Subacute Care Facilities
 Subacute care is a variation of inpatient care designed for someone who has an
acute illness, injury, or exacerbation of a disease process.
Retirement and Assisted Living Centers
 Retirement or assisted living centers consist of separate houses, condominiums or
apartments for residents.
 Residents live relatively independently; however, many of these facilities offer
meals, laundry services, nursing care, transportation, and social activities
Hospice Services
 has come to mean inter-professional health care service for the dying,
 provided in the home or another health care setting. The hospice
 movement subsumes a variety of services given to clients who are terminally ill, their
families, and support persons
Crisis Centers

 Crisis centers provide emergency services to clients experiencing life crises


 Mutual Support and Self-Help Group

Factors affecting health care delivery


Access to Health care – e.g. eligibility for government programs
Special Population – e.g. single parent families, foreign born, homeless population
Increasing number of older and very old adults
Increasing Number of Elderly
By the year 2020 it is estimated that the number of U.S. adults over the age of 65 years
will be more than 53 million
Advances in technology
 Improved diagnostic procedures and sophisticated equipment permit early
recognition of disease
 New medications are continually being manufactured to treat infections
 More advanced surgical procedures
 Computers, bedside charting
 With the availability of internet and world wide web, pts can have access to medical
information
 May come with a high price tag
Cost
 As a result of advances in technology
 Large number of people are seeking medical assistance
 Total population is growing
 Relative number of people providing health care increase
 Rising number of uninsured persons
 Cost of prescription drugs is increasing

Economics
The health care delivery system is very much affected by a country's total economic status

Women's Health
Current provision of health care shows an emphasis on the psychosocial aspects of
women's health, including the impact of career, delayed childbearing, role of caregiver to
older family members, and extended life span.

Access to health services


Uneven distribution of services
Increased specialization

Access to health insurance


Lack of health insurance is related to income.

Quality
Some diagnostic and medical procedures are unnecessary:
Litigious environment, tendency towards defensive practice “ more is better”
Lack of access and continuity of care
Payment Sources
 Medicare
 Diagnosis – related groups – inorder to limit the amt. paid to the hospitals, Medicare
established a predetermined amount for clients.
 Ex. Regardless of the length of stay/cost of services, hop would receive P__ ,000.00

Other factors
 Demographic Changes
 Homeless and the poor
 Social determinants of health - economic conditions in which people are born,
grow, live, work, and age,

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