NCM 102

HEALTH EDUCATION
PREPARED BY;
MRS. AILEEN A. MONARES, RN, MN,LPT
Course Title: HEALTH EDUCATION
Course No.: NCM 102
Course Credit:
Theory: 3 units (54 hours)
Placement: First year, Second
Semester
Prerequisites:
Anatomy and Physiology, NCM 100
Course Description:
This course deals with concepts, principles
and theories in teaching and learning.
It also focuses on the appropriate strategies
of health education as they apply in various
health care scenarios.
The learners are expected to develop
beginning skills in designing and
implementing a teaching plan using the
nursing process as a framework.
 CHAPTER 1
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND
WELLNESS
PREPARED BY;
MRS. AILEEN A. MONARES, RN, MN,LPT
 HEALTH
•  is a word that was derived from the old
English word for heal which is HAEL
•  I t m e a n s w h o l e b e c a u s e h e a l t h
concerns the whole person and his/her
integrity, soundness or well-being and
that the person functions as a complete
entity or unit and that the body, mind and
spirit are one.
 HEALTH
•  Holistic nursing intervention
focuses on the total care of the
individual as a complete being
rather than on fragmented care
which focuses only on the part
or parts which are not healthy
or functional.
 HEALTH
•  Knowledge of the theory of
holism allows the nurse to
understand the patient with
compassion and caring and to
treat him/her as a family member
and not simply a "case" or "room
number"
 HEALTH
•  is holistic (total health) and it
includes the different dimensions
of health taking into account the
separate influences and
interaction of these dimensions
(Aggleton & Homans. 1987).
• 
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
The dimensions of health are composed
of the:
1. Broader dimensions of health in the
outer circle:
a. SOCIETAL HEALTH which is the link between
health and the way a society is structured.
b. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH which refers to the
physical environment where people live; it involves
housing, transport, sanitation, pollution and pure
water facilities.
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
The dimensions of health
are composed of the:
2. Individual dimensions
of health in the inner
circle:
a. PHYSICAL HEALTH which
refers to the state of one's
body like its fitness and not
being ill;
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
The dimensions of health
are composed of the:
2. Individual dimensions of
health in the inner circle:
b. MENTAL HEALTH referring to
the positive sense of purpose
and underlying belief in one's
own worth (self-esteem) like
feeling good and feeling able to
cope;
6 ways to protect your mental
health during a crisis
1.  Set healthy boundaries with yourself
2.  Set healthy boundaries with others
3.  Process your emotions
4.  Look for bright spots and landmines
5.  Practice self-care.
6.  Talk to someone.
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
c. EMOTIONAL HEALTH which is the
ability to express one's feelings
appropriately and to develop and sustain
relationships. An example is the feeling of
being loved;
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
d. SOCIAL HEALTH which involves
the support system that is available
from family members and friends.
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
e. SPIRITUAL HEALTH which is the
recognition of a Supreme Being or
Force and ability to put into practice
one's moral principles or beliefs;
 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
f. SEXUAL HEALTH which refers to
the acceptance of and the ability to
achieve a satisfactory expression of
one's sexuality;
World Health Organization
(WHO, 1946)
•  Defines HEALTH as
a "state of complete
physical, mental and
social well-being and
not merely the
absence of disease
and infirmity.
 Cottrell (2001)
•  claims that the WHO definition is an
ideal state which is just a "goal to
strive for but can never be achieved
since no one can ever attain a "state
of complete mental, physical and
social well-being.
Key words: Goodstadt, et al
(1987) as cited by Cottrell
(2001)
 Key words: Goodstadt, et al (1987)
as cited by Cottrell (2001)
1.  P H Y S I C A L H E A L T H - i s t h e
biological integrity of an individual
where there is optimum functioning
of his physical and physiological
abilities and freedom from any
disease or disability.
 Key words: Goodstadt, et al (1987)
as cited by Cottrell (2001)
2. MENTAL HEALTH (or
psychological health and emotional
health) - is the subjective sense of
well-being, may also refer to intellectual
capabilities.
 Key words: Goodstadt, et al (1987)
as cited by Cottrell (2001)
3. SOCIAL HEALTH- is the ability to
interact effectively with other people
and the social environment,
development and sustenance of
satisfying interpersonal relationships,
and, effective and efficient role
fulfillment.
 Key words: Goodstadt, et al (1987)
as cited by Cottrell (2001)
5. SPIRITUAL HEALTH-or personal
health, it may be concerned with one's
belief in a transcending, unifying force
(whether its basis is in nature, scientific
law, or a godlike source.
It has also been associated with the
concept of self-actualization and or
concern for issues which affect one's
value system.
 OREM defined HEALTH
•  as "a state characterized by
soundness and wholeness of
human structures, bodily and
mental functions.
•  HEALTH is considered as the goal of
public health in general and of
community health nursing in
particular.
•  The modem concept of HEALTH
refers to the "optimum level of
functioning (OLOF) of individuals,
families and communities w/c is
affected by several factors in the
ecosystem.
 Factors In The Ecosystem
which Affect The Optimum
Level of Functioning (OLOF)
 1. Political factor
•  refers to the power & authority to
regulate the environment and the social
climate by the politicians and decision
makers especially on laws and policies
which impact on health, the health care
delivery system and the practice of the
nursing profession.
 2. Behavioral factor
•  person's level of functioning is
affected by certain habits, lifestyle,
health care, & child rearing practices
which are determined by the culture &
ethnic heritage;
•  Ex. Culture, mores or one's way of
life, ethnic customs and traditions
 3. Hereditary factor
•  factors which are determined by
heredity which is the genetic
make-up of a person like inherited
diseases & genetic risks:
•  Ex: congenital defects, risks w/c
are familial, ethnic or racial
4. Health care delivery system
•  is the totality of all policies,
infrastructures, facilities, equipment,
products, human resources and
services which address the health
needs and concerns of the people.
 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
•  is a partnership approach to the effective
provision of essential health services
that are community-based, accessible,
acceptable, sustainable & affordable.
•  It is health care that is provided at the
barangay health stations and rural health
units that is focused on prevention of
illness and promotion of health.
 a. Promotive care
– which is concerned
with the promotion
of health through
health teachings
and observance of
healthy habits and
lifestyle which is the
primary duty of the
nurse and midwife in
the community;
 b. Preventive care
– prevention or avoidance of illness
through health teachings, home visits by
nurses/midwives and regular health
check-ups, proper implementation of
EPI or expanded program of
immunization and other follow-up
vaccinations, personal hygiene
especially regular and proper
handwashing, observing environmental
sanitation;
 c. Curative care
– this is usually the secondary level of
care vven by physicians in privately
owned or government operated health
facilities like infirmaries, municipal and
district hospitals, and OPDs of provincial
hospitals where sick members of the
community go for consultation or
confinement or are referred to by the
primary health facility.
 d. Rehabilitative care
– this involves more of the tertiary
level of care for patients who
have incurred disability (partial
or total) but who are subjected
to physical, psychological,
emotional and spiritual therapy
or treatment.
 5. Environmental influences
•  menace of pollution, communicable diseases
due to poor sanitation, poor garbage collection,
smoking, utilization of pesticides, lack or
absence of proper and adequate waste and
sewerage disposal system and management,
urban/rural milieu, noise, radiation and air and
water pollution are just some of the factors or
situations which exert negative effects on the
environment and which put a tremendous strain
on the environment and the destruction of the
environmental resources;
 6. Socio-economic influence
•  Families in lower income group are the
ones mostly served particularly those
coming from the DOPE (depressed,
oppressed, powerless, and exploited)
sectors of society.
•  Ex: availability and type of employment,
level of education; the availability, type
and location of housing from place of
work.

Basic Human Right is embodied in:
1.  Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, Art. 25, Section 1 which states
that:
"Everyone has the right to a standard of
living adequate for the health and well-
being of himself and of his family, including
food, clothing, housing and medical care
and necessary social services and the right
to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond
his control".
Basic Human Right is embodied in:
2. Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art.
XII, Sec. 11, states that:
"The State shall adopt an integrated and
comprehensive approach to health
development which shall endeavor to make
essential goods, health and other social
services available to all the people at affordable
cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the
underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women,
and children. The State shall endeavor to
provide free medical services to paupers".
Basic Human Right is embodied in:

3. WHO (1995) believes that

"governments have responsibility
for the health of their people which
can fulfilled only by the provision of
adequate health and social
measures.
Basic Human Right is embodied in:
3. WHO (1995)
It emphasizes three basic positive
concept health which are:
– reflecting concern for the individual
as a total person:
– placing health in the context of the
environment, and
– equating health with productive and
creative living.
 Health and Wellness as
Conceived in Today's World
 Greenberg(1992) and
Donatelle and Davis (1996)
•  viewed the philosophy of wellness
as a positive quality (as opposed to
illness being always negative) and
visualized it as the integration of the
spiritual, intellectual, physical,
emotional, environmental and social
dimensions of health to form a whole
"healthy person".
 Dunn (1977) emphasized
high-level wellness (HLW)
•  as "an integrated method of
functioning w/c is oriented toward
maximizing the potential which the
individual is capable of.
•  It is the ability to maintain a
continuum of balance & purposeful
direction within the environment
where he/she is functioning".
•  Health and wellness are two concepts
which have been used interchangeably to
mean the ability "to live life fully with
vitality and meaning". But there is really a
difference.
•  Some aspects of health are determined
by genes, age and other factors which
may be beyond one's control. Whereas,
wellness is largely determined by the
decisions you make about how to live
your life.
Wellness is now the new health goal.
It is really is:
•  a state of mind (awareness of the
choices available for a healthy
lifestyle), a way of life which
involves options that an individual
takes to enjoy a healthy life;
Wellness is now the new health goal.
It is really is:
•  the perception that one is capable of
achieving one's full potentials through
the options one has in relation to
being well; the integration of the mind,
body and spirit,
•  the level of self-actualization where
one feels that he has lived a full and
accomplished life.