Electrical interview questions with answers

Questions with answers

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Q:what is electric traction?

A:Traction means using the electric power for traction system i.e. for railways,trams,
trolleys etc. electric traction means use of the electricity for all these . now a days,
magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains. basically dc motors areused for electric
traction systems.

Q:How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any
choke/Coil?
A:It's possible by means of Electronic choke.otherwise it's not possible to ionise the
particles in tube. light, with normal voltage.

Q:what is "pu" in electrical engg?

A:Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in power system single line diagram there it
is like a huge electrical circuit with no of componenets (generators, transformers, loads)
with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all the ratings into common platform
we use pu concept in which, in general largest MVA and KV ratings of thecomponent is
considered as base values, then all other component ratings will get back into this
basis.Those values are called as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base value).

Q:Operation carried out in Thermal power station?

A:The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this
steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity

Q:why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?

A:Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various
connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link form to
withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is designed
such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any
malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow
off.

Q: what is the diff. btwn. electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans?
A:The difference between the electroic and ordinary regulator is that in electronic reg.
power losses are lessi.e.for as we decrese the speed the electronic reg. give the power
needed for that perticular speed but in case of ordinary rh type reg. the power wastage is
same for every speed and no power is saved.In electronic regulator triac is employed for
speed cntrl.by varying the firing angle speed is controled but inrheostatic ctrl resistance is
decreased by steps to achieve speed control.

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Q:How tubelight circuit is connected and how it works?
A:A choke is connected in one end of the tube light and a starter is in series with the
circuit. When supply is provided the starter will intrupt the supply intermittant cycle of
AC. Due to the sudden change of supply the chock will generate around 1000volts . This
volt will capable of to break the electrons inside the tube to make elctrone flow. once the
current passess through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part. now there is no
change of supply causes choke voltage normalised and act as minimise the current.

Q:whats is MARX CIRCUIT?

A:It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel and
discharging them in series.It is used when voltage required for testing is higher than the
available.

Q:What is encoder, how it function?

A:An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a
code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information
for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or
translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed
algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with
analog circuitry.

Q:What are the advantages of speed control using thyrister?

A:Advantages :1. Fast Switching Characterestics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT 2. Low cost 3.
Higher Accuract.

Q:Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an Electric train during running , We
didnt feel any Shock ? why?
A:Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule is
Current takes the lowest resistant path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit is
not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs is advisable as our
footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our body).The electric
train is well insulated from its electrical system.

Q:what is the principle of motor?

A:Whenever a current carying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning
or twisting movemnt is called as torque.
Electrical Interview questions Part 1
Q:What is electric traction?

A:Electric traction means using the electric power for traction system (i.e. for
railways,trams, trolleys etc). Electric traction means use of the electricity for all the above
machines. Now a days, magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains.and basically dc
motors are used for electric traction systems.

Q:How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any
choke/Coil?

A:It's possible by means of Electronic chokes,otherwise it's not possible to ionize the
particles in tube light with normal voltage.

Q:What is "pu" in electrical engineering?

A:Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in single line diagram of power
distribution and it is like a huge electrical circuit with no of components (generators,
transformers, loads) with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all the ratings into
common platform we use pu concept in which, in general largest MVA and KV ratings of
the component is considered as base values, then all other component ratings will get
back into this basis.Those values are called as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base value).

Q:Operation carried out in Thermal power stations?

A:The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this
steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity.

Q:Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?

A:Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various
connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link form to
withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is designed
such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any
malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow
off.

Q: What is the difference between electronic regulator and ordinary electrical

rheostat regulator for fans?

A:The difference between the electronic and ordinary electrical regulator is that in
electronic regulator power losses are less because as we decrease the speed the electronic
regulator gives the power needed for that particular speed but in case of ordinary rheostat
type regulator, the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved.In
electronic regulator, triac is employed for speed control by varying the firing angle speed
and it is controlled but in rheostatic ,control resistance is decreased by steps to achieve
speed control.

Electrical Interview questions Part 2

Q:How tube light circuit is connected and how it works?

A:A choke is connected in one end of the tube light and a starter is in series with the
circuit. When supply is provided ,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of AC. Due to
the sudden change of supply the chock will generate around 1000volts . This volt will
capable of to break the electrons inside the tube to make electron flow. once the current
passes through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part. now there is no change of
supply causes choke voltage normalized and act as minimize the current.

Q:whats is MARX CIRCUIT?

A:It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel and
discharging them in series.It is used when voltage required for testing is higher than the
available.

Q:What is encoder, how it function?

A:An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a
code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information
for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or
translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed
algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with
analog circuitry.

Q:What are the advantages of speed control using thyristor?

A:Advantages :1. Fast Switching Characterstics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT 2. Low cost 3.
Higher Accurate.

Q:Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an Electric train during running ,
We did nt feel any Shock ? why?

A:Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule is
Current takes the lowest resistant path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit is
not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs is advisable as our
footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our body).The electric
train is well insulated from its electrical system.

Q:what is the principle of motor?

A:Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce

turning or twisting movemnt is called as torque.

Electrical Interview questions Part 3

Q:Why, when birds sit on transmission lines or current wires doesn't get shock?
A:Its true that if birds touch the single one line (phase or neutral) they don't get electrical
shock... if birds touch 2 lines than the circuit is closed and they get electrical shock.. so if
a human touch single one line(phase) then he doesn't get shock if he is in the air (not
touching - standing on the ground if he is standing on the ground then touching the line
(phase) he will get a shock because the ground on what we standing is like line (ground
bed - like neutral)। and in the most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that
means that human who touch the line closes the circuit between phase and neutral.

Q:what is meant by armature reaction?

A:The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux
may support main flux or opposes main flux.

Q:what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d bulb r tube light?

A:Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to operate such that it offers high impedance to
AC supply. Normally they have low resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low
resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it may damage the bulb
element.

Q:Which motor has high Starting Torque and Staring current DC motor, Induction
motor or Synchronous motor?

A:DC Series motor has high starting torque. We can not start the Induction motor and
Synchronous motors on load, but can not start the DC series motor without load.

Q:what is ACSR cable and where we use it?

A:ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in

transmission & distribution.

Q:What is vaccum currcuit breaker.define with cause and where be use it Device?

A:A breaker is normally used to break a ciruit. while breaking the circuit, the contact
terminals will be separated. At the time of seperation an air gap is formed in between the
terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the gap is ionised and results in the arc.
various mediums are used to quench this arc in respective CB's. but in VCB the medium
is vaccum gas. since the air in the CB is having vaccum pressure the arc formation is
interrupted. VCB's can be used upto 11kv.

Electrical Interview questions Part 4

Q:What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of power?

A:If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one:

1.losses in form of heat will be reduced,

2.cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very

cheap to afford, &

3. it also reduces over heating of tranformers.

Q:whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical
engineering & electronics engineering ?

A:uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it
gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and
amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start with 12v dc with 7 amp.
but inverter is startwith 12v,24,dc to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp battery with long
time backup.

Q:What is 2 phase motor?

A:A two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding
have a phase split. e.g;ac servo motor.where the auxiliary winding and the control
winding have a phase split of 90 degree.

Q:Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives for EOT cranes?

A:1.smooth start and stop.

2.no jerking of load.

3.exact posiitoning

4.better protection for motor.

5.high/low speed selection.

6.reliability of break shoe.

7.programmable break control.

8.easy circutry

9.reduction in controls

10.increases motor life

Q:What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers?

A:Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its manufacturer. Fundamentally
it tells you the information about how the windings are connected (delta or wye) and the
phace difference betweent the current and voltage. EG. DYN11 means Delta primary,
Wye Secondry and the current is at 11 o clock reffered to the voltage.

Q:Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan (ceiling fan, exhaust fan, padestal fan,
bracket fan etc) which are find in the houses ?

A:Its Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor
start capacitor run.

Electrical Interview questions Part 5

Q:Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

A:1. By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field
winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the
field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to flux speed can
be controlled 2.armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature winding by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be
varied,and since speed is directly proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.

Q:what is the principle of motor?

A:Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce

turning or twisting movement is called as torque.

Q:what is meant by armature reaction?

A:The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux
may support main flux or opposes main flux.
Q:Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

A:1. By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field
winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the
field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to flux speed can
be controlled 2.armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature wdg.by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and
since speed is directly proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.

Q:what is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous

generator?

A:In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive power but
asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply's only active power and observe
reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Q:What is the Polarization index value ? (pi value)and simple definition of

polarization index ?

A:Its ratio between insulation resistance(IR)i.e meggar value

for 10min to insulation resistance for 1 min. It ranges from 5-7 for new motors &
normally for motor to be in good condition it should be Greater than 2.5 .

Electrical Interview questions Part 6

Q:Why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity?

A:synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor(or say

different imaginary power varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the
production of electricity.

Q:What is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous

generator?
A:In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive power but
asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply's only active power and observe
reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Q:1 ton is equal to how many watts?

A:1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert BTU/hr to horsepower,

12,000 * 0.0003929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton = 4.715*.746 = 3.5 KW.

Q:why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity?

A:synchronous machines have capability to work on differentpower factor(or say

different imaginary pow varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the
production of electricity.

Q:Enlist types of dc generator?

A:D.C.Generators are classified into two types 1)separatly exicted d.c.generator 2)self
exicted d.c.generator, which is further classified into;1)series 2)shunt and

3)compound(which is further classified into cumulative and differential).

Electrical Interview questions Part 7

Q:What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?

A:AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in

Synchronous Generators, it controls theoutput voltage of the generator by controlling its
excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive Power of the Generator.

Q:What is an exciter and how does it work?

A:There are two types of exciters, static exciter and rotory exciter.purpose of excitor is to
supply the excitation dc voltage to the fixed poles of generator.Rotory excitor is an
additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main generator. if it is dc generator, it
will supply dc to the rotory poles through slip ring and brushes( conventional alternator).
if it is an ac excitor, out put of ac excitor is rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc to
main fixed poles.ac excitor is the ac generator whose field winding are stationary and
armature rotates. initial voltage is built up by residual magnetism.It gives the starting
torque to the generator.

Q:Difference between a four point starter and three point starter?

A:The shunt connection in four point stater is provided separately form the line where as
in three point stater it is connected with line which is the drawback in three point stater

Q:Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can't use ACB?

A:Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc queching property compare to air because in
VCB ,the die electric strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always vaccum used as
inHT breaker and air used as in LT .

Q:What is the difference between surge arrestor and lightning arrestor?

A:LA is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded,where as surge arrestor
installed inside panels comprising of resistors which consumes the energy and nullify the
effect of surge.

Electrical Interview questions Part 8

Q:What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load?

A:Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves powerfactor,but it will help

depends up on the engine capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will be over
loaded due to the extra watts consumed due to the improvement on pf. Secondly, don't
connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is picking up or without any other load.

Q:Why the capacitors works on ac only?

A:Generally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components(i.e., block the dc

components). it allows the ac components to pass through.

Q:Explain the working principal of the circuit breaker?

A:Circuit Breaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit.It has two contacts namely
fixed contact & moving contact.under normal condition the moving contact comes in
contact with fixed contact thereby forming the closed contact for the flow of current.
During abnormal & faulty conditions(when current exceeds the rated value) an arc is
produced between the fixed & moving contacts & thereby it forms the open circuitArc is
extinguished by the Arc Quenching media like air, oil, vaccum etc.

Q:How many types of colling system it transformers?

A:1. ONAN (oil natural,air natural)

2. ONAF (oil natural,air forced)

3. OFAF (oil forced,air forced)

4. ODWF (oil direct,water forced)

5. OFAN (oil forced,air forced)

Q:What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit breaker?

A:when breaker is close at one time by close push button,the anti pumping contactor
prevent re close the breaker by close push button after if it already close.

Q:what is stepper motor.what is its uses?

A:Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied to it. it is
one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either direction instead of running
in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.

Electrical Interview questions Part 9

Q:How to calculate capacitor bank value to maintain unity power factor with some
suitable example?

A:KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)- TAN(COS(-1)#d) )

#e= EXISTING P.F.

#d= DESIRED P.F.

Q:Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t. ?(Company:reliance)

A:The term C.T means current transformer,and the term P.T means potential
transformer.In circuit where measurements of high voltage and high current is involved
they are used there.Particularly when a measuring device like voltmeter or ammeter is not
able to measure such high value of quantity because of large value of torque due to such
high value it can damage the measuring device.so, CT and PT are introduced in the
circuits. They work on the same principle of transformer, which is based on linkage of
electromagneticflux produced by primary with secondary.They work on the ratio to they
are designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 5000\5A and it has to measure secondary current of

8000A.then ANS=8000*5\5000=8Aand this result will be given to ammeter .and after

measuring 8A we can calculate the primary current.same is

the operation of PT but measuring voltage.

Q:There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two have the same supply.
For which device the load current will be maximum? And why?

A:The motor has max load current compare to that of transformer because the motor
consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the working flux and its not
consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is because of core loss so it is
minimum.

Q:what is power factor? whether it should be high or low? why?

A:Power factor should be high in order to get smooth operation of the system.Low power
factor means losses will be more.it is the ratio of true power to apperent power. it has to
be ideally 1. if it is too low then cable over heating & equipment overloading will occur.
if it is greater than 1 then load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source and will
cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex: 0.17 to meet actual power load has to draw more
current(V constant),result in more lossesif pf is good ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load
has to draw less current(V constant),result in less losses).
Electrical Interview questions Part 10
Q:What is the difference between Isolator and Circuit Breaker?

A:Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the downstream circuits from
upstream circuits for the reason of any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is
manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit breaker. it should not
be operated while it is having load. first the load on it must be made zero and then it can
safely operated. its specification only rated current is given.But circuit breaker is onload
automatic device used for breaking the circuit in case of abnormal conditions like short
circuit, overload etc., it is having three specification 1 is rated current and 2 is short
circuit breaking capacity and 3 is instantaneous tripping current.

Q:what is boucholz relay and the significance of it in to the transformer?

A:Boucholz relay is a device which is used for the protection of transformer from its
internal faults, it is a gas based relay. whenever any internal fault occurs in a transformer,
the boucholz relay at once gives a horn for some time, if the transformer is isolated from
the circuit then it stop its sound itself other wise it trips the circuit by its own tripping
mechanism.

Q:What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?

A:SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching medium in a
Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB.

Q:what is ferrantic effect?

A:Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage is greater than
the sending end voltage.

Q: what is meant by insulation voltage in cables? explain it?

A:It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the applied voltage without
rupturing it is known as insulation level of the cable.
Electrical Interview questions Part 11
Q: Why we do 2 types of earthing on transformer (ie:)body earthing &
neutral earthing , what is function. i am going to install a 5oo kva
transformer & 380 kva DG set what should the earthing value?

A:The two types of earthing are Familiar as Equipment earthing and system
earthing. In Equipment earthing: body ( non conducting part)of the equipment
shouldd be earthed to safegaurd the human beings.system Earthing : In this
neutral of the supply source ( Transformer or Generator) should be grounded.
With this,in case of unbalanced loading neutral will not be shifted.so that
unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the equipment also. With size
of the equipment( transformer or alternator)and selection of relying system
earthing will be further classified into directly earthed,Impedance earthing,
resistive (NGRs) earthing.

Q:What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?

A:MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short
circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit
breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be
inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A.

Q:Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in distribution lines?

A:Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv and incomming
feeder of 33kv and near power transformers in sub-stations.

Q:Define IDMT relay?

A:It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In IDMT relay its operating is
inversely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which this
relay operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as the
magnitude of fault current increase.
Q:What are the transformer losses?

A:TRANSFORMER LOSSES - Transformer losses have two sources-copper loss

and magnetic loss. Copper losses are caused by the resistance of the wire (I2R).
Magnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core. Copper
loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and therefore a measurable loss.
Hysteresis loss is constant for a particular voltage and current. Eddy-current loss,
however, is different for each frequency passed through the transformer.

Electrical Inteview questions Part 12

Query:What is the count of hvdc transmission lines in India?
Resolution:At present there are three hvdc transmission lines in india
1)chandrapur to padghe(mumbai)--(1500 MW at ±500 kV DC)
2)rehand to delhi (1500 MW at ±500 kV DC)
3)talchal to kolar (2500 MW)

Query:What is meant by regenerative braking?

Resolution:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor, it still continue running due
to inertia. In order to stop it quickly we place a load(resitor) across the armature winding
and the motor should have maintained continuous field supply. so that back e.m.f voltage
is made to apply across the resistor and due to load the motor stops quickly.This type of
breaking is called as "Regenerative Breaking".

Query:Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?

Resolution:In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-IaRa (V = Terminal voltage,Eb =

Back emf in Motor,Ia = Armature current,Ra = Aramture resistance).At starting, Eb is
zero. Therefore, V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra ,where Ra is very less like 0.01ohm.i.e, Ia will
become enormously increased.

Query:What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor?

Resolution:(1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current
during the starting of the motor.Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times Of current of
Direct online starting.(2). Hence the starting current is reduced , the voltage drops during
the starting of motor in systems are reduced.
Query:Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?

Resolution:For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must
be star winding. and this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three phases. To
minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding in the primary. So
delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads.

Query:Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other
pins?

Resolution:It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is inversely proportional to

resistance (R), so if (a) increases, R decreases & if R is less the leakage current will take
low resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. It is longer because the The First to
make the connection and Last to disconnnect should be earth Pin. This assures Safety for
the person who uses the electrical instrument.

Query:Why series motor cannot be started on no-load?

Resolution:Series motor cannot be started without load because of high starting torque.
Series motor are used in Trains, Crane etc.

Query:Why ELCB can't work if N input of ELCB do not connect to ground?

Resolution:ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once the phase and neutral are
connected in an ELCB, the current will flow through phase and that much current will
have to return neutral so resultant current is zero. Once there is a ground fault in the load
side, current from phase will directly pass through earth and it will not return through
neutral through ELCB. That means once side current is going and not returning and
hence because of this difference in current ELCB wil trip and it will safe guard the other
circuits from faulty loads. If the neutral is not grounded, fault current will definitely high
and that full fault current will come back through ELCB, and there will be no difference
in current.
Electrical Interview questions Part 13
Q:How electrical power is generated by an A.C Generator?

A:For the generation of elect power we need a prime mover which supplies mechanical
power input to the alternator, can be steam turbines,or hydro turbines .When poles of the
rotor moves under the armature conductors which are placed on the stator ,field flux cut
the armature conductor ,therefore voltage is generated and is of sinusoidal in nature...due
to polarity change of rotor poles(i,e) N-S-N-S.

Q:Why an ac solenoid valve attract the plunger even though we interchanges the
terminal? Will the poles changes?
A:Yes because the poles changes for every half-cycle of ac voltage so the polarity of AC
voltage is continuously changing for every half cycle. so, interchanging of terminals in ac
system does not show any difference. That's why the ac solenoid attract the plunger even
though it's terminals are interchanged.

Q:What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is same for all means for drives,
motors,and cables.

A:The current currying of cables will change depending upon the site temperature
(location of site), type of run (it will run through duct, trench, buried etc.), number of
tray, depth of trench, distance between cables. Considering this condition actual current
currying capacity of cable reduce than current currying capacity (which given to cable
Catalogue) this is called derating.

Q:Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars and isolators?

A:Bus bars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow, that means they carry
heavy currents which rises their temperature. so it is necessary to test this devices for
temperature rise.

Q:When voltage increases then current also increases then what is the need of over
voltage relay and over current relay? Can we measure over voltage and over
current by measuring current only?
A:No.We can't sense the over voltage by just measuring the current only because the
current increases not only for over voltages but also for under voltage(As most of the
loads are non-linear in nature).So,the over voltage protection & over current protection
are completely different. Over voltage relay meant for sensing over voltages & protect
the system from insulation break down and firing. Over current relay meant for sensing
any internal short circuit, over load condition ,earth fault thereby reducing the system
failure & risk of fire.So, for a better protection of the system.It should have both over
voltage & over current relay.

Q:If one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or not?
A:If the voltage between the two phase is equal to the lamp voltage then the lamp will
glow. When the voltage difference is big it will damage the lamp and when the difference
is smaller the lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.

Electrical Interview questions Part 14

Q:How do you select a cable size (Cu & Al) for a particular load?
A:At first calculate the electrical current of the load, after that derate the electrical current
considering derating factor(depending on site condition and laying of cable) after choose
the cable size from cable catalog considering derating electrical current.After that
measure the length of cable required from supply point of load to load poin. Calculate the
voltage drop which will max 3% (resistance and reactance of cable found from cable
catalog of selecting cable) if voltage drop>3%
then choose next higher size of cable.

Q:What are HRC fuses and where it is used?

A:HRC stand for "high rupturing capacity" fuse and it is used in distribution system for
electrical transformers.

Q:Which power plant has high load factor?

A:All base load power plants have a high load factor. If we use high efficiency power
plants to supply the base load,we can reduce the cost of generation.Hydel power plants
have a higher efficiency than thermal & nuclear power plants.

Q:Mention the methods for starting an induction motor?

A:The different methods of starting an induction motor
DOL:direct online starter

Star delta starter

Auto transformer starter
Resistance starter
Series reactor starter
Q:What is the difference between earth resistance and earth electrode resistance?
A:Only one of the terminals is evident in the earth resistance. In order to find the second
terminal we should recourse to its definition: Earth Resistance is the resistance existing
between the electrically accessible part of a buried electrode and another point of the
earth, which is far away.
The resistance of the electrode has the following components:
(A) the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to it.
(B) the contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the electrode.

Q:What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage?

A:A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so the
power can be shut off at one central location. This relay is powered by the same electrical
source as the control power and is operated by a key lock switch. The relay itself may
have up to 24 contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for
multiple machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch.

Q:What is the power factor of an alternator at no load?

A:At no load Synchronous Impedance of the alternator is responsible for creating angle
difference. So it should be zero lagging like inductor.

Electrical Interview questions Part 15

Query:How to determine capacitor tolerance codes?
Resolution:In electronic circuits, the capacitor tolerance can be determined by a code
that appears on the casing. The code is a letter that often follows a three-digit number
(such as 130Z).The first two are the 1st and 2nd significant digits and the third is a
multiplier code. Most of the time the last digit tells you how many zeros to write after the
first two digits and these are read as Pico-Farads.

Query:Why most of analog o/p devices having o/p range 4 to 20 mA and not 0 to 20
mA?

Resolution:4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate measured values for any

process. The reason that 4ma is chosen instead of 0 mA is for fail safe operation .For
example- a pressure instrument gives output 4mA to indicate 0 psi, up to 20 mA to
indicate 100 psi, or full scale. Due to any problem in instrument (i.e) broken wire, its
output reduces to 0 mA. So if range is 0-20 mA then we can differentiate whether it is
due to broken wire or due to 0 psi.
Query:Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively connected in series across a 230v
supply which bulb will glow bright and why?

Resolution:Since two bulbs are in series they will get equal amount of electrical current
but as the supply voltage is constant across the bulb(P=V^2/R).So the resistance of 40W
bulb is greater and voltage across 40W is more (V=IR) so 40W bulb will glow brighter.

Query:What is meant by knee point voltage?

Resolution:Knee point voltage is calculated for electrical Current transformers and is

very important factor to choose a CT. It is the voltage at which a CT gets saturated.(CT-
current transformer).

Query:What is reverse power relay?

Resolution:Reverse Power flow relay are used in generating stations's protection. A

generating stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in case generating units are
off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may take power from grid. To stop the
flow of power from grid to generator we use reverse power relay.

Query:What will happen if DC supply is given on the primary of a transformer?

Resolution:Mainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance.In case of DC
supply there is no inductance ,only resistance will act in the

-->electrical circuit. So high electrical current will flow through primary side of the
transformer.So for this reason coil and insulation will burn out.

Query:What is the difference between isolators and -->electrical circuit breakers?

What is bus-bar?
Resolution:Isolators are mainly for switching purpose under normal conditions but they
cannot operate in fault conditions .Actually they used for isolating the CBs for
maintenance. Whereas CB gets activated under fault conditions according to the fault
detected.Bus bar is nothing but a junction where the power is getting distributed for
independent loads.

Query:What are the advantage of free wheeling diode in a Full Wave rectifier?
Resolution:It reduces the harmonics and it also reduces sparking and arching across the
mechanical switch so that it reduces the voltage spike seen in a inductive load

Electrical Interview questions Part 16

Query:What is the function of interposing current transformer?
Resolution:The main function of an interposing current transformer is to balance the
currents supplied to the relay where there would otherwise be an imbalance due to the
ratios of the main current transformers. Interposing current transformer are equipped
with a wide range of taps that can be selected by the user to achieve the balance required.

Query:What are Motor Generator Sets and explain the different ways the motor
generator set can be used ?

Resolution:Motor Generator Sets are a combination of an electrical generator and an

engine mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. Motor generator set is also
referred to as a genset, or more commonly, a generatorThe motor generator set can used
in the following different ways:

1.Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)

2.DC to AC
3.DC at one voltage to DC at another voltage
4.AC at one frequency to AC at another harmonically-related frequency

Query:What is power quality meter ?

Resolution:Power Quality meters are common in many industrial environment. Small
units are now available for home use as well. They give operators the ability to monitor
the both perturbations on the power supply, as well as power used within a building, or
by a single machine or appliance. In some situations, equipment function and operation is
monitored and controlled from a remote location where communication is via modem, or
high-speed communication lines.So we can understand the importance of power
measurement through power quality meters.

Query:What is the different between digital phase converter and ordinary phase
converter?
Resolution:Digital phase converter are a recent development in phase converter
technology that utilizes proprietary software in a powerful microprocessor to control
solid state power switching components. This microprocessor, called a digital signal
processor (DSP), monitors the phase conversion process, continually adjusting the input
and output modules of the converter to maintain perfectly balanced three-phase power
under all load conditions.

Query:Explain the operation of variable frequency transformer?

Resolution:A variable frequency transformer is used to transmit electricity between two
asynchronous alternating current domains. A variable frequency transformer is a doubly-
fed electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-
phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one external ac power circuit. A direct-
current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft. Changing the direction of torque
applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flow; with no applied torque, the shaft
rotates due to the difference in frequency between the networks connected to the rotor
and stator.The variable frequency transformer behaves as a continuously adjustable
phase-shifting transformer. It allows control of the power flow between two networks .

Query:What is the main use of rotary phase converter ?

Resolution:Rotary phase converter will be converting single phase power into true
balanced 3 phase power,so it is often called as single phase to three phase converter
.Often the advantages of 3 phase motors, and other 3 phase equipment, make it
worthwhile to convert single phase to 3 phase so that small and large consumers need not
want to pay for the extra cost of a 3 phase service but may still wish to use 3 phase
equipment.

Electrical Interview questions Part 17

Query:Use of switch mode power converter in real-time basis?
Resolution:Switch mode power converter can be used in the following 5 different ways
1) step down an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output voltage
using a circuit known as Buck Converter or Step-Down SMPS,
2)step up an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output voltage using
a circuit known as Boost Converter or Step-Up SMPS,
3)step up or step down an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output
voltage,
4)invert the input dc voltage using usually a circuit such as the Cuk converter, and
5)produce multiple dc outputs using a circuit such as the fly-back converter.

Query:Which type of oil is used as a transformer oil?

Resolution:Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is usually a highly-refined mineral oil that

is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used
in oil filled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp
ballasts, and some types of high voltage switches and circuit breakers. Its functions are to
insulate, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.

Well into the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s were often used as a dielectric
fluid since they are not flammable. They are toxic, and under incomplete combustion, can
form highly toxic products such as furan. Starting in the early 1970s, concerns about the
toxicity of PCBs have led to their banning in many countries.

Today, non-toxic, stable silicon-based or fluoridated hydrocarbons are used, where the
added expense of a fire-resistant liquid offsets additional building cost for a transformer
vault. Combustion-resistant vegetable oil-based dielectric coolants and synthetic
pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid (C7, C8) esters are also becoming increasingly common as
alternatives to naphthenic mineral oil. Esters are non-toxic to aquatic life, readily
biodegradable, and have a lower volatility and higher flash points than mineral oil.

Query: If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer,
then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?
Resolution:As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1
We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps.
By putting these value on Relation-
540/11000= I2/2334
So,I2 = 114.5 Amps

Query:what are the points to be consider for MCB(miniature circuit breaker

selection?
Resolution:I(L)*1.25=I(MAX) maximum current. Mcb specification are done on
maximum current flow in circuit.

Query:what is the full form of KVAR?

Resolution:We know there are three types of power in Electrical as Active, apparent &
reactive. So KVAR is stand for ``Kilo Volt Amps with Reactive component.

Query:What is excitation?
Resolution:Excitation is applying an external voltage to DC shunt coil
in DC motors.
Query:In three pin plug 6 Amp. 220v AC rating. why earth pin diameter is higher
than other two pin? what its purpose ?

Resolution:Because Current flow in the conductor is inversely proportional to the

conductor diameter. So if any short circuits occur in the system first high currents
bypassed in the Earthling terminal.( R=Pl/a area of the conductor increases resistance
value decreases)

Electrical Interview questions Part 18

Query:Difference between megger test equipment and contact resistance meter test
instruments?
Resolution: Megger test equipment used to measure cable electric resistance, conductor
continuity, phase identification where as contact resistance meter test instruments used to
measure low resistance like relays ,contactors.

Query:When we connect the large capacitor bank in series ?

Resolution :we connect large capacitor bank in series to improve the voltage power
supply at the load end in balanced transmission line when there is considerable voltage
drop along the balanced transmission line due to high impedance of the line.So in order to
bring the voltage at the load terminals within its limits (i.e (+ or - %6 )of the rated high
terminal voltage )the large capacitor bank is used in series.

Query:What is electrical diversity factor in electrical installations?

Resolution :Electrical diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the individual maximum
demands of the various subdivisions of a system, or part of a system, to the maximum
demand of the whole system, or part of the system, under consideration. Electrical
diversity factor is usually more than one.

Query:Why field rheostat is kept in minimum position while armature rheostat at

maximum position?
Resolution :In motors at the time of starting the armature resistance is introduced to
reduce the high starting current and the field resistance is kept minimum to have high
starting
torque.

Query:Why computer humming sound occurred in HT transmission line?

Resolution :This computer humming sound is coming due to ionization (breakdown of
air into charged particles) of air around transmission conductor. This effect is called as
Corona effect, and it is considered as power loss.

Query:What is rated speed?

Resolution :At the time of motor taking normal current (rated current)the speed of the
motor is called rated speed. It is a speed at which any system take small current and give
maximum efficiency.

Query:What is different between resistance grounding system and resistance

earthing system?
Resolution :Resistance grounding system means connecting the neutral point of the load
to the ground to carry the residual current in case of unbalanced conditions through the
neutral to the ground whereas resistance earthing system is done in an electric equipment
in order to protect he equipment in occurrence of fault in the system.

Query:Why should be the frequency 50 Hz 60Hz only why not others like 45, 95 56
or anything , why should we maintain the frequency constant if so why it is only 50
Hz 60Hz?
Resolution :We can have the frequency at any frequency you like, but than you must also
make your own motors,high voltage transformers or any other equipment you want to
use.We maintain the frequency at 50hz or 60hz because the world maintains a standard at
50 /60hz and the equipments are are made to operate at these frequency.

Electrical Interview questions Part 19

Q:How to determine alternating current frequency?
A:Zero crossings of the sine wave to trigger a monostable (pulse generator) is a way to
determine alternating current frequency. A fixed width pulse is generated for each cycle.
Thus there are "n" pulses per second, each with with a constant energy. The more pulses
there are per second, the more the energy. The pulses are integrated (filtered or averaged)
to get a steady DC voltage which is proportional to frequency. This voltage can then be
displayed on an analogue or digital voltmeter, indicating frequency. This method is more
suitable than a direct counter, as it can get good accuracy in a second or so.

Q:Why electricity in India is in the multiples of 11 like 11kv, 22kv, 33kv ?

A:Transformer Induced voltage equation contains 4.44 factor.

E=4.44*f*T*phi

E -Induced emf per phase

T -number of turns

f -frequency

phi -maximum flux per pole

From the equation we see that E is proportional to 4.4 and it is in turn multiple of 11.So
always transmission voltage is multiple of 11

Q:Why we use ac system in India why not dc ?

A:Firstly, the output of power stations comes from a rotary turbine, which by it's nature is
AC and therefore requires no power electronics to convert to DC. Secondly it is much
easier to change the voltage of AC electricity for transmission and distribution. thirdly the
cost of plant associated with AC transmission

(circuit breakers, transformers etc) is much lower than the equivilant of DC transmission
AC transmission provides a number of technical advantages. When a fault on the network
occurs, a large fault current occurs. In an AC system this becomes much easier to
interupt, as the sine wave current will naturally tend to zero at some point making the
current easier to interrupt.

Q:Which type of motor is used in trains, what is the rating of supply used explain
Working principal?

A:Dc series is in the trains to get high starting torque while starting of the trains and
operating voltage is 1500v dc.

Q:Battery banks are in connected in series or parallel and why?

A:Battery banks are always connected in series in order to get a multiplied voltage where
the AH or current capacity remaining same. Ex : 24 nos. 2V,200Ah batteries connected
in series will give 48V,200Ah output (AH = Ampere hours)
Electrical Interview questions Part 20
Q:What is inrush current?
A:Inrush current is the current drawn by a piece of electrically operated equipment when
power is first applied. It can occur with AC or DC powered equipment, and can happen
even with low supply voltages.

Q:In a Tap changing transformer where is the tap connected, is it connected in the
primary side or secondary side?
A:Tapings are connected to high voltage winding side, because of low current. If we
connect tapings to low voltage side, sparks will produce while tap changing operation due
to high current.

Q:Why transformer ratings are in kva?

A: Since the power factor of transformer is dependent on load we only define VA rating
and does not include power factor .In case of motors, power factor depend on
construction and hence rating of motors is in KWatts and include power factor.

Q: What is difference between fuse and breaker?

A: Fuses are burned at the time of over current flows in the circuit but breakers are just
open(not burn) at the time of over current flow. Fuses are used in only one time but
breakers are used by multiple number of times.

Q:What is the difference between delta-delta, delta-star transformer?

A:Delta-delta transformer is used at generating station or a receiving station for Change
of Voltage (i,e) generally it is used where the Voltage is high & Current is low.Delta-star
is a distribution kind of transformer where from secondary star neutral is taken as a return
path and this configuration is used for Step down voltage phenomena.

Q: Capacitor is load free component but why ampere meter shows current when capacitor
bank breaker close?
A: As we know that Electrical is having two type of load, Active and Reactive .Capacitor
is a reactive load which is not considering as a load,& its factor is Isin@ .Meter is design
based on Current RMS value because of it meter is showing the current RMS value.

Electrical Interview questions Part 21

Q:What's electric traction?
A:Traction implies with the electric power for traction system i. e. for railways, trams,
trolleys etc. electric traction implies use of the electricity for all these. Now a day,
magnetic traction is also utilised for bullet trains. Essentially dc motors are utilized for
electric traction systems.

Q:What is “pu” in EE?

A:Pu stands for per unit in power system. (pu = actual value/ base value)

Q:Define stepper motor. What is the use of stepper motor?

A: The motor which work or act on the applied input pulse in it, is called as stepper
motor.This stepper motor is under the category of synchronous motor, which often does
not fully depend of complete cycle. It likes to works in either direction related to steps.
for this purpose it mainly used in automation parts.

Q:What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain CMRR.

A:Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to amplify the voltage difference
between two input-lines neither of which is grounded, is called differential amplifier.
This reduces the amount of noise which is injected into the amplifier, because any noise
appearing simultaneously on both the input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it
being a common mode signal.

CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential voltage-gain to common made

voltage gain. If a differential amplifier is perfect, CMRR will be infinite because in that
case common mode voltage gain would be zero.

Q: What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage?

A: A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so the
power can be shut off at one central location. This relay is powered by the same electrical
source as the control power which is operated by a key lock switch. The relay itself may
have up to 24 contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for
multiple machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch.

Electrical Interview questions Part 22

Q: How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any
choke/Coil?
A: It's possible with Electronic choke. otherwise it's not possible to ionize the particles in
tube. light, with normal voltage.

Q:What types domain of Laplace transforms? What behavior can Laplace transform
predict how the system work?
A:Types domain of Laplace transforms is s-domain, Laplace transforms provide a
method to find position, acceleration or voltage the system will have.

Q:In the magnetic fluxes, what is the role of armature reaction?

A: The armature flux has an important role for the running condition. This armature flux
can oppose the main flux or it may support the main flux for better running condition.
This effect of supporting and opposing of main flux to armature flux is called armature
reaction.

Q:Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound resistors

A:a:Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of resistive material is deposited
on an insulating substrate. Desired results are obtained by either trimming the layer
thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch along its length. During this
process, the value of the resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is stopped
as soon as the desired value of resistance is obtained.
b. Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an insulating cylindrical core are
known as wire wound resistors. These wires are made of materials such as Constantan
and Manganin because of their high resistivity, and low temperature coefficients. The
complete wire wound resistor is coated with an insulating material such as baked enamel

Q:whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical engineering &
electronics engineering ?
A:uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it
gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and
amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start with 12v dc with 7 amp.
but inverter is startwith 12v,24,dc to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp battery with long
time backup.

Electrical Interview questions Part 23

Q:What are the operation carried out in Thermal power station?

A: The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this
steam is allowed to hit the turbine, the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity

Q: What is the diff. btwn. Electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for
fans?

A: The difference between the electronic and ordinary regulator is the fact that in
electronic reg. power losses tend to be less because as we minimize the speed the
electronic reg. give the power necessary for that particular speed but in case of ordinary
rheostat type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved. In
electronic regulator triac is employed for speed control. by varying the firing angle speed
is controlled but in rheostatic control resistance is decreased by steps to achievespeed
control.

Q: What is 2 phase motor?

A: A two phase motor is often a motor with the the starting winding and the running
winding have a phase split. e. g; ac servo motor. where the auxiliary winding and the
control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.

Q:What does quality factor depend on in resonance?

A:Quality factor q depends on frequency and bandwidth.

Q:What are the types of power in electrical power?

A: There are normally three types of power are counted in electrical power. They are,
· Apparent power

· Active power

· Reactive power

Q:What are the advantages of VSCF wind electrical system?

A:Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are:

• No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed.

• Aero turbine always keeps going at maximum efficiency point.

• Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed - duration curve can be
extracted

• Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which are associated with constant -

speed operation.

Q:What is slip in an induction motor?

A:Slip can be defined as the distinction between the flux speed (Ns) and the rotor speed
(N). Speed of the rotor of an induction motor is always less than its synchronous speed. It
is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the
symbol ‘S’.

Electrical Interview questions Part 24

Q:Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?

A:Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various
connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link
form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it
is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e
load) only.So if any malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular
control circuit alone will blow off.

Q:State the difference between generator and alternator

A:Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy. Both have the same principle of electromagnetic induction,
the only difference is that their construction. Generator persists stationary
magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls on the armature with slip rings
and brushes riding against each other, hence it converts the induced emf into dc
current for external load whereas an alternator has a stationary armature and
rotating magnetic field for high voltages but for low voltage output rotating
armature and stationary magnetic field is used.

Q:What is ACSR cable and where we use it?

A:ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in
transmission & distribution.

Q:What is the voltage gain or transfer function of amplifier?

A:Vout/Vin

Q: What does the KVAR means?

A:The KVAR indicates the electrical power. KVAR means “Kilo Volt Amperes
with Reactive components”

Q:Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can't use ACB?
A:Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc queching property compare to air
because in VCB ,the die electric strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always
vaccum used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT .

Q:What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?
A:MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short
circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit
breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be
inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A.

Electrical Interview questions Part 25

Q: Do you know the advantages of speed controlusing thyristor?
A: Advantages: 1. Fast Switching Characterstics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT 2. Low
cost 3. Higher Accurate.
Q: Name the different types of motors used in vacuum cleaners, phonographic
appliances, vending machines, refrigerators, rolling mills, lathes, power factor
improvement and cranes.
A: Following motors are used: -
• Vacuum cleaners- Universal motor.
• Phonographic appliances – Hysteresis motor.
• Vending machines – Shaded pole motor.
• Refrigerators – Capacitor split phase motors.
• Rolling mills – Cumulative motors.
• Lathes – DC shunt motors.
• Power factor improvement – Synchronous motors.

Q: In the motors starting purpose why the armature rheostats at maximum

position while the field rheostat is kept in minimum position?
A: In the time of starting a motor the field rheostat is kept in minimum state for
the high starting torque.

In the time of starting a motor the armature rheostats is used to control or reduce
the high starting current. This high starting current can damage the motors
starting systems.

Q: What's the other name for short circuit?

A: fault.

Q: Name power losess in rotating electrical machines.

A: Power losess in rotating electrical machines are Copper losses, core losses,
mechanical losses and stray losses.

Q: What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers?

A: Every power transformer carries a vector group listed by its manufacturer.
Fundamentally it tells you the information about how the windings are connected
(delta or wye) and the phace difference betweent the current and voltage. EG.
DYN11 means Delta primary, Wye Secondry and the current is at 11 o clock
reffered to the voltage.
Q:State the factors, for the choice of electrical system for an aero turbine.
A:The choice of electrical system for an aero turbine is guided by three factors:
• Type of electrical output: dc, variable- frequency ac, and constant- frequency
ac.
• Aero turbine rotational speed: constant speed with variable blade pitch, nearly
constant speed with simpler pitch- changing mechanism or variable speed with
fixed pitch blades.
• Utilization of electrical energy output: in conjunction with battery or other form of
storage, or interconnection with power grid.