Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 201601 March 12, 2014

MARYLOU CABRERA, Petitioner,

DECISION

REYES, J.:

Before this Court is a petition for review on certiorari 1 under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court seeking to annul and set aside the
Decision2 dated October 21, 2009 and the Resolution3 dated March 26, 2012 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 03392.
The CA denied the petition for certiorari filed by Marylou Cabrera (petitioner), which assailed the Order4 dated December 19, 2007 of
the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Mandaue City, Branch 56, in Civil Case No. MAN-4773.

The Facts

On February 14, 2004, Felix Ng (respondent) filed a complaint for sum of money with the RTC against the petitioner and her husband
Marionilo Cabrera (spouses Cabrera), alleging that the latter issued to him the following: (1) Metrobank Check No. 0244694 dated June
30, 2002 for the amount of Thirty-One Thousand Pesos (₱31,000.00); (2) Metrobank Check No. 0244674 dated August 9, 2002 for the
amount of Thirty-Eight Thousand Seventy-Four Pesos and Seventy-Six Centavos (₱38,074.76); and (3) Metrobank Check No. 0244745
dated August 15, 2005 for Two Million Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (₱2,500,000.00). That when presented for payment, the said
checks were all dishonored as the accounts from which they had been drawn were already closed.

The spouses Cabrera admitted that they issued Metrobank Check No. 0244694 and Metrobank Check No. 0244674 to the respondent
and that the same were dishonored when presented for payment. However, they claimed that they paid the respondent the amount
represented by the said checks through the latter’s son Richard Ng. Further, they deny having issued Metrobank Check No. 0244745 to
the respondent, alleging that the said check was forcibly taken from them by Richard Ng.

On August 7, 2007, the RTC rendered a Decision,5 which ordered the spouses Cabrera to pay the respondent the following: (1) Two
Million Five Hundred Sixty-Nine Thousand Seventy-Four Pesos (₱2,569,074.00) plus legal interest from inception of the obligation until
fully paid; (2) moral damages in the amount of Fifty Thousand Pesos (₱50,000.00); (3) attorney’s fees of Twenty Thousand Pesos
(₱20,000.00); and (4) litigation expenses in the amount of Ten Thousand Pesos (₱10,000.00).

On August 8, 2007, the spouses Cabrera received a copy of the RTC Decision dated August 7, 2007. On August 14, 2007, the spouses
Cabrera filed with the RTC a motion for reconsideration, 6 which they set for hearing on August 17, 2007. On even date, the spouses
Cabrera sent a copy of their motion for reconsideration to the respondent thru registered mail; it was actually received by the
respondent on August 21, 2007.

The said motion for reconsideration, however, was not heard on August 17, 2007 as the new acting presiding judge of the said court
had just assumed office. On August 28, 2007, the RTC issued a notice, 7 which set the said motion for reconsideration for hearing on
September 25, 2007.

On September 20, 2007, the respondent filed an opposition 8 to the motion for reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera. The
respondent alleged that the said motion for reconsideration is a mere scrap of paper since it violated the three-day notice requirement.
The respondent pointed out that the spouses Cabrera sent to him a copy of their motion for reconsideration, which was set for hearing
on August 17, 2007, via registered mail on August 14, 2007; that he actually received a copy thereof only on August 21, 2007 – four
days after the scheduled hearing thereon.

It appears that the scheduled hearing of the spouses Cabrera’s motion for reconsideration on September 25, 2007 did not push
through. Consequently, on September 26, 2007, the RTC issued another notice, 9 which set the said motion for reconsideration for
hearing on October 26, 2007.

On October 26, 2007, the RTC issued an Order,10 which directed the parties to file their additional pleadings, after which the motion for
reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera would be deemed submitted for resolution.
On December 19, 2007, the RTC issued an Order11 which denied the motion for reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera. The
RTC pointed out that the spouses Cabrera violated Section 4, Rule 15 of the Rules of Court, which mandates that every motion
required to be heard should be served by the movant in such a manner as to ensure its receipt by the other party at least three days
before the date of hearing. Thus:

After a meticulous scrutiny of the records of this case, the court opines that the motion was filed beyond the reglementary three
(3)[-]day period.

As the records bear out, the instant motion was mailed to the plaintiff’s counsel on August 14[, 2007] and was set for hearing on August
17, 2007. However, the copy of said motion had reached plaintiff’s side and a copy of which was received by plaintiff’s counsel only on
August 17, 2007[,] four (4) days late after it was supposed to be heard. Hence, a clear blatant violations [sic] of the rule on notice and
hearing.12

The RTC further opined that a motion, which fails to comply with the three-day notice requirement is a mere scrap of paper; it is not
entitled to judicial cognizance and would not toll the running of the reglementary period for filing the requisite pleadings. Accordingly,
the RTC held, its Decision dated August 7, 2007 had already become final for failure of the spouses Cabrera to comply with the three-
day notice requirement.

The petitioner then filed a petition for certiorari 13 with the CA, alleging that the RTC gravely abused its discretion in denying her motion
for reconsideration. The petitioner pointed out that the RTC did not actually conduct a hearing on her motion for reconsideration on
August 17, 2007;

that her motion for reconsideration was actually heard on October 26, 2007, after the respondent had already filed his opposition
thereto. Thus, the petitioner claimed, the issue of her failure to comply with the three-day notice requirement had already been rendered
moot. In any case, the petitioner asserted, the RTC should have resolved her motion for reconsideration on its merits rather than simply
denying it on mere technicality.

On October 21, 2009, the CA, by way of the assailed Decision, 14 denied the petition for certiorari filed by the petitioner. The CA opined
that the RTC did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera since it merely applied
the three-day notice requirement under Section 4, Rule 15 of the Rules of Court. Thus:

It appears that petitioner’s Motion for Reconsideration was set for hearing on 17 August 2007. A copy thereof was mailed to private
respondent on 14 August 2007, and private respondent actually received his copy only on 21 August 2007 or four (4) days after the set
date of hearing; and thus, depriving him of the opportunity to oppose the motion. Respondent court, therefore, correctly held that such
motion violated the three (3)-day notice rule; the essence of due process. Respondent court had applied said rule to the given situation,
and of no doubt, mere adherence to the rules cannot be considered grave abuse of discretion on the part of the respondent court. x x
x.15(Citation omitted)

The petitioner sought a reconsideration of the Decision dated October 21, 2009 but it was denied by the CA in its Resolution 16 dated
March 26, 2012.

Hence, the instant petition.

The Issue

The sole issue to be resolved by the Court is whether the CA erred in affirming the RTC Order dated December 19, 2007, which denied
the motion for reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera.

The Court’s Ruling

The petition is meritorious.

Sections 4 and 5, Rule 15 of the Rules of Court provide that:

Sec. 4. Hearing of motion. – Except for motions which the court may act upon without prejudicing the rights of the adverse party, every
written motion shall be set for hearing by the applicant.

Every written motion required to be heard and the notice of the hearing thereof shall be served in such a manner as to ensure its receipt
by the other party at least three (3) days before the date of hearing, unless the court for good cause sets the hearing on shorter notice.

Sec. 5. Notice of hearing. – The notice of hearing shall be addressed to all parties concerned, and shall specify the time and date of the
hearing which must not be later than ten (10) days after the filing of the motion. (Emphasis ours)
The general rule is that the three-day notice requirement in motions under Sections 4 and 5 of the Rules of Court is mandatory. It is an
integral component of procedural due process.17 "The purpose of the three-day notice requirement, which was established not for the
benefit of the movant but rather for the adverse party, is to avoid surprises upon the latter and to grant it sufficient time to study the
motion and to enable it to meet the arguments interposed therein."18

"A motion that does not comply with the requirements of Sections 4 and 5 of Rule 15 of the Rules of Court is a worthless piece of paper
which the clerk of court has no right to receive and which the court has no authority to act upon."19 "Being a fatal defect, in cases of
motions to reconsider a decision, the running of the period to appeal is not tolled by their filing or pendency."20

Nevertheless, the three-day notice requirement is not a hard and fast rule. When the adverse party had been afforded the opportunity to
be heard, and has been indeed heard through the pleadings filed in opposition to the motion, the purpose behind the three-day notice
requirement is deemed realized. In such case, the requirements of procedural due process are substantially complied with. Thus, in
Preysler, Jr. v. Manila Southcoast Development Corporation,21 the Court ruled that:

The three-day notice rule is not absolute. A liberal construction of the procedural rules is proper where the lapse in the literal
observance of a rule of procedure has not prejudiced the adverse party and has not deprived the court of its authority. Indeed, Section
6, Rule 1 of the Rules of Court provides that the Rules should be liberally construed in order to promote their objective of securing a
just, speedy and inexpensive disposition of every action and proceeding. Rules of procedure are tools designed to facilitate the
attainment of justice, and courts must avoid their strict and rigid application which would result in technicalities that tend to frustrate
rather than promote substantial justice.

In Somera Vda. De Navarro v. Navarro, the Court held that there was substantial compliance of the rule on notice of motions even if the
first notice was irregular because no prejudice was caused the adverse party since the motion was not considered and resolved until
after several postponements of which the parties were duly notified.

Likewise, in Jehan Shipping Corporation v. National Food Authority, the Court held that despite the lack of notice of hearing in a Motion
for Reconsideration, there was substantial compliance with the requirements of due process where the adverse party actually had the
opportunity to be heard and had filed pleadings in opposition to the motion. The Court held:

This Court has indeed held time and again, that under Sections 4 and 5 of Rule 15 of the Rules of Court, mandatory is the requirement
in a motion, which is rendered defective by failure to comply with the requirement. As a rule, a motion without a notice of hearing is
considered pro forma and does not affect the reglementary period for the appeal or the filing of the requisite pleading.

As an integral component of the procedural due process, the three-day notice required by the Rules is not intended for the benefit of the
movant. Rather, the requirement is for the purpose of avoiding surprises that may be sprung upon the adverse party, who must be
given time to study and meet the arguments in the motion before a resolution of the court.1âwphi1 Principles of natural justice demand
that the right of a party should not be affected without giving it an opportunity to be heard.

The test is the presence of opportunity to be heard, as well as to have time to study the motion and meaningfully oppose or controvert
the grounds upon which it is based. x x x22

(Emphasis supplied and citations omitted)

It is undisputed that the hearing on the motion for reconsideration filed by the spouses Cabrera was reset by the RTC twice with due
notice to the parties; it was only on October 26, 2007 that the motion was actually heard by the RTC. At that time, more than two
months had passed since the respondent received a copy of the said motion for reconsideration on August 21, 2007. The respondent
was thus given sufficient time to study the motion and to enable him to meet the arguments interposed therein. Indeed, the respondent
was able to file his opposition thereto on September 20, 2007.

Notwithstanding that the respondent received a copy of the said motion for reconsideration four days after the date set by the spouses
Cabrera for the hearing thereof, his right to due process was not impinged as he was afforded the chance to argue his position. Thus,
the R TC erred in denying the spouses Cabrera's motion for reconsideration based merely on their failure to comply with the three-day
notice requirement.

WHEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing disquisitions, the instant petition is GRANTED. The Decision dated October 21, 2009
and the Resolution dated March 26, 2012 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 03392, are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
The case is hereby REMANDED to the Regional Trial Court of Mandaue City, Branch 56, to resolve the Motion for Reconsideration filed
by the spouses Cabrera on the merits within five (5) days from the finality of this Decision.

SO ORDERED.