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English Vocabulary

This document contains information about English vocabulary and grammar. It defines key vocabulary terms like small, outdoor, seldom, main, stress, unstressed, and spelling. It then provides details on using the present simple tense in English, including its affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. It explains how to add -s or -es to verbs in the present simple and includes examples of its use with time expressions and adverbs of frequency.

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Sergio Pérez Andrés
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47 views7 pages

English Vocabulary

This document contains information about English vocabulary and grammar. It defines key vocabulary terms like small, outdoor, seldom, main, stress, unstressed, and spelling. It then provides details on using the present simple tense in English, including its affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. It explains how to add -s or -es to verbs in the present simple and includes examples of its use with time expressions and adverbs of frequency.

Uploaded by

Sergio Pérez Andrés
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Vocabulary

Small OUTDOOR SELDOM MAIN STRESS UNSTRESSED SPELLING


hotel on Activities:
the Rara vez Principal Silaba Silaba átona Ortografía
OUTSKIRTS Fuera del Tónica
: Afueras edificio

English Grammar
The present simple: the verb to be

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I am / I'm I am not / I'm not Am I?


you are / you're you are not / you aren't Are you?
he is / he's he is not / he isn't Is he?
she is / she's she is not / she isn't Is she?
it is / it's it is not / it isn't Is it?
we are / we're we are not / we aren't Are we?
you are / you're you are not / you aren't Are you?
they are / they're they are not / they aren't Are they?

Use of the verb to be in the present simple

 We use the verb be to describe the appearance or the feelings or of people or


things:

He is tall. He is happy.

 We use the verb be to express a permanent or a temporary state of people or


things:

It is dark. I am hungry.

 We use the verb be to express a job:

He is a teacher.

 We use the verb be to describe where people are:


They are at school.

 We use the verb be to express the age of a person:

She is two years old.

 We use the verb be to describe the weather:

The weather is cold in the winter. It is warm and


sunny today.
The present simple

affirmative
Negative
Subject + verb (+ s
Subject + do(es)n't + infinitive
/ es)
I don't work
I work you don't work
you work he doesn't work
he works * she doesn't work
she works * it doesn't work
it works * we don't work
we work you don't work
you work they don't work
they work

Spelling = Ortografia

We add -es and not -s to the verb with:

 Verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -ss, -x


Examples: She watches TV. She washes the car. He misses his friend. He fixes
the radio.

 Verbs ending in -o
Examples: He does the homework. She goes to the cinema.

 Verbs ending in consonant + -y


Examples: He studies English. She carries a bag. (!But not: She plays the
piano.)

verb affirmative negative interrogative


play play / plays don't play / doesn't play do ... play / does ... play
don't study / doesn't
study study / studies do ... study / does ... study
study
listen listen / listens don't listen / doesn't listen do ... listen / does ... listen
work work / works don't work / doesn't work do ... work / does ... work
ask ask / asks don't ask / doesn't ask do ... ask / does ... ask
don't travel / doesn't do ... travel / does ...
travel travel / travels
travel travel
finish finish / finishes don't finish / doesn't finish do ... finish / does ... finish
don't catch / doesn't
catch catch / catches do ... catch / does ... catch
catch
pass pass / passes don't pass / doesn't pass do ... pass / does ... pass
fax fax / faxes don't fax / doesn't fax do ... fax / does ... fax
don't enjoy / doesn't
enjoy enjoy / enjoys do ... enjoy / does ... enjoy
enjoy

Use of the present simple

Adverbs of frequency and time expressions

adverbs of frequency

100% always
usually, normally,
generally
frequently, regularly
often
50% sometimes
occasionally
rarely, infrequently
seldom
hardly ever, almost never
0% never

These words have a special position in the sentence: Just before the verb, except with the
verbs be, can and other modal verbs.

Examples:
I always watch TV. She usually washes the car. We sometimes go to the cinema. They rarely go
to a restaurant. I never smoke. She is often at home. She can sometimes help me.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Other time expressions used with the Present simple are for example:

every day, every week, every month, every year, every summer, in the morning, in the
summer, after school, once a week, twice a month, three times a year,
Time expressions in general have a special position in the sentence: at the beginning or at the
end.
Examples:
He watches TV every day. He goes to the cinema every evening. She studies English once a
week. She travels to London twice a year. She phones her family on Sundays.

Use of the present simple

We use the present simple to:

a) talk about actions that occur with regularity, to talk about habits.

I don't usually walk to work. I usually drive my car to work.

b) talk about permanent situations

I live in a big city.

c) express our opinions, likes, etc.

I like the cinema. I don't like vegetables.


d) talk about general facts.

The sun rises in the East.

e) talk about some future actions.


See: Expressing the future

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