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Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College: Presentation

This document presents information on conducting polymers, including their introduction, common types, and conduction mechanisms. It discusses four major classes of conducting polymers and provides details on polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polyphenylene. The key points are that conducting polymers can conduct electricity and have usages like electromagnetic shielding. Common conducting polymers include polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polyphenylene. Their conduction mechanisms involve charge carriers like polarons and bipolarons that allow charge movement along the polymer chains.

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Rishikeshav Ravi
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153 views6 pages

Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College: Presentation

This document presents information on conducting polymers, including their introduction, common types, and conduction mechanisms. It discusses four major classes of conducting polymers and provides details on polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polyphenylene. The key points are that conducting polymers can conduct electricity and have usages like electromagnetic shielding. Common conducting polymers include polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polyphenylene. Their conduction mechanisms involve charge carriers like polarons and bipolarons that allow charge movement along the polymer chains.

Uploaded by

Rishikeshav Ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATMA RAM SANATAN DHARMA COLLEGE

University of Delhi

PRESENTATION
on
Conducting Polymers : Introduction and
Conduction Mechanism

Presented By:
Rishikeshav Ravi
15/36501
B.Sc.(H) Chemistry, IIIrd Yr.
Session 2017-18
Conducting Polymers: Introduction & Conduction Mechanism

Introduction
Polymers generally have very high electrical resistivity but, there are
some organic polymers which conduct electricity. These compounds
may have metallic conductivity or can be semiconductors.
Some usages of conducting polymers are as following:
¾¾ Can provide electromagnetic shielding of electronic circuits.
¾¾ Can be used as anti-static coating material to prevent electrical
discharge exposure on photographic emulsions.
¾¾ Can be used as hole injecting electrodes for OLEDS.
¾¾ Usage in electroluminescent displays(mobile telephones).
¾¾ In use as emissive layer in full-color video matrix displays .
¾¾ Some are promising for field-effect transistors(Usage in super-
market checkouts).
There are four major classes of semi-conducting polymers that have
been developed so far which include:
i) Conjugated conducting polymers
ii) Charge transfer polymers
iii) Ionically conducting polymers
iv) Conductively filled polymers

Some Common Conducting Polymers and Their Conduction


Mechanism
Polyacetylene
Polyacetylene was accidentally fabricated by accident by Shirakawa, the
first polymer capable of conducting electricity. It is an organic polymer
with the repeating unit (C2H2)ⁿ. This may exist in two forms–cis and
trans.

DSE Presentation 2
Conducting Polymers: Introduction & Conduction Mechanism

Generally they are prepared by Ziegler-Natta scheme:

Conduction mechanism of Polyacetylene


The radical cation (also known
as polaron) is localized, partly
because of Coulomb attraction
to its counterion, which has
usually an extremely low
mobility, partly because of a local
alteration in the equilibrium
geometry of the radical cation
relative to the neutral molecule. The mobility of a polarons along the
PA chain can be high andcharge is carried along the chain.
Polypyrrole
PPy is a type of organic polymer formed by polymerization of pyrrole.
PPy has been widely studied, which is due to its ease of preparation,
superior redox properties, stabilized oxidized form, capacity to give
towering conductivity, water soluble, commercially accessible and
valuable electrical and optical properties. Reaction involved in synthesis
is depicted below:

Conduction mechanism of PPY


PPy can be formed chemically or electrochemically through oxidative
polymerization of pyrrole monomer. Oxidative polymerisation of
pyrrole to PPy proceeds via a one electron oxidation of pyrrole to a
radical cation, which subsequently couples with another radical cation
to form the 2,2’- bipyrrole. This process is then repeated to form longer
chains of PPy.

DSE Presentation 3
Conducting Polymers: Introduction & Conduction Mechanism

Figure : Conduction mechanism in polypyrrole

DSE Presentation 4
Conducting Polymers: Introduction & Conduction Mechanism

Polyaniline (PANI)
PANI is a conducting polymer of the semi-flexible rod polymer family.
Polymerization of aniline involves oxidation of aniline monomer to
form dimeric species as the oxidation potential of aniline is higher than
those of dimers, subsequently formed oligomers and polymers. Upon
creation, the dimers are immediately oxidized and then react with an
aniline monomer via an electrophilic aromatic substitution, followed by
further oxidation and deprotonation to afford the trimers. This process
is repeated, leading eventually to the formation of PANI.

Figure: Conduction mechanism of Polyaniline

DSE Presentation 5
Conducting Polymers: Introduction & Conduction Mechanism

Polyphenylene
PPP is the precursor to a CP of the rigid-rod polymer host family made
of repeating p-phenylene units and converted to its conducting form
using an oxidant or a dopant. Extremely high crystalline PPP films have
been synthesized by electrochemical oxidation from benzene/96%
H2SO4 solution.

Figure: Conduction mechanism of Polyphenylene

DSE Presentation 6

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