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A Cheat Sheet of Maths

This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key formulas and concepts covered in a Math 1401 spring 2000 class: 1) It includes important algebra formulas, limits and definitions of continuity, differentiation formulas and rules for finding derivatives of common functions, and definitions for finding relative extrema. 2) It also discusses applications of differentiation like the mean value theorem and using derivatives to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing, and formulas for integration like the integral of trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions. 3) The document concludes with a list of hyperbolic function identities and integration rules for substitution, u-substitution, and finding antiderivatives using partial fractions.

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167 views1 page

A Cheat Sheet of Maths

This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key formulas and concepts covered in a Math 1401 spring 2000 class: 1) It includes important algebra formulas, limits and definitions of continuity, differentiation formulas and rules for finding derivatives of common functions, and definitions for finding relative extrema. 2) It also discusses applications of differentiation like the mean value theorem and using derivatives to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing, and formulas for integration like the integral of trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions. 3) The document concludes with a list of hyperbolic function identities and integration rules for substitution, u-substitution, and finding antiderivatives using partial fractions.

Uploaded by

aadoye
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 1401 SPRING 2000 CHEAT SHEET

FINAL
JAN MANDEL

1. Important formulas from algebra.


√ sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b),
sin2 x + cos√
2
x = 1, ab+c = ab ac , am/n =
n m b (log a)b 2
a ,a =e . Solution of ax + bx + c = 0 is
−b± b2 −4ac
x1,2 = 2a

2. Limits and continuity. limx→c f (x) = f (c) ⇐⇒ f is continuous at c


limx→0 sin(x)
x
= 1, limx→0 1−cos(x)
x
= 0, limx→0 (1 + x)1/x = e
limx→c f (x) = L ⇐⇒ limx→c− f (x) = limx→c+ f (x) = L
Intermediate value theorem: If f is continuous on [a,b] and k is between f (a) and f (b), then
there exists c ∈ [a, b] such that f (c) = k.
Infinite limits: The formulas for the limit of sum, product, and quotient apply unless they
lead to undefined expressions of the form ∞ − ∞, ∞.0, L/0, ∞/∞.
If limx→c f (x) 6= 0 and limx→c g(x) = 0, with g(x) 6= 0 on a neighborhood of c, then the
graph of f /g has vertical asymptote x = c.
3. Differentiation. The equation of the line passing through (x0 , y0 ) with slope s is
y − y0 = s(x − x0 ). The equation of the tangent to the graph of f at (x0 , y0 ), y0 = f (x0 ), is
y − y0 = f 0 (x0 )(x − x0 ).
f 0 (c) = limx→c (f (x) − f (c))/(x − c). If f 0 (c) exists, f is continuous at c.
(xn )0 = nxn−1 , (sin x)0 = cos x, (cos x)0 = − sin x, (ln x)0 = 1/x, (ex )0 = ex
sin0 x = cos x, cos0 x = − sin x, (arctan x)0 = 1/(1 + x2 ), arcsin0 x = √ 1 2 , arcsec0 x =
1−x
√1
2
, (uv)0 = u0 v + uv 0 , (u/v)0 = (u0 v − uv 0 )/v 2 , f (g(x)) = f 0 (g(x))g 0 (x)
|x| 1−x
If g = f −1 and y = g(x), f 0 (y) 6= 0, then g 0 (x) = 1/f 0 (y).
4. Applications and extrema. If f is continuous on [a, b], then f attains maxi-
mum and minimum on [a, b]. f can attain extremum on [a, b] only at endpoints or critical
numbers (where f 0 does not exist or f 0 = 0). f can attain relative extremum in (a, b) only
at a critical number.
Mean value theorem: If f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) then there exists
c ∈ (a, b) such that f 0 (c) = (f (b) − f (a))/(b − a). (The case when f (a) = f (b) is Rolle’s
theorem.)
If f 0 > 0 in (a, b) and f is continuous on [a, b], then f is increasing on [a, b].
If f is continuous at c, f 0 (x) < 0 for x < c and f 0 (x) > 0 for x > c, then f has relative
minimum (c, f (c)). (Or, relative minimum f (c) at x = c.)
If f 0 in increasing in interval I, then f is concave upward in I.
If f 00 > 0 in (a, b), then f is concave upward in (a, b).
If f 0 (c) = 0 and f 00 (c) > 0, then f has relative minimum at c.

ex −e−x ex +e−x
5. Hyperbolic functions. sinh x = 2
, cosh x = 2
, cosh2 x−sinh2 x = 1,
0 −1 0 2
cosh x = sinh x, (tanh ) = 1/(1 − x )
f (x) dx = F R(x) + C, F 0 = f .
R
R n6. Integration.
n 6= −1, f (g(x))g 0 (x) dx = f (u) du, u = g(x)
n+1
R
R x dx
1
=x /(n + 1) + C,
x
R 1 1 x
√ = arcsin a
+ C, a2 +x2
dx = a
arctan a
+C
a2 −x2
sinh−1 xa tanh−1 xa
R R
√ 1 = + C, 1
a2 −x2
dx = 1
a
+C
a2 +x2
Rb 0
f (x) dx = F (b) − F (a), F = f .
a Rx
(d/dx) a f (t) dt = f (x)

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