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MODALS

The document discusses modals and their functions in English. It defines modals as verbs that express ideas like likelihood, requirement, frequency, inclination, potentiality, and ability. It then provides examples of modals used to express different levels of each idea. Next, it examines the specific functions of common modals like can, could, have to, may, might, must, should, will, and would. Finally, it briefly introduces the subjunctive mood and forms of subjunctive modals.

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Gerald Buendia
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49 views2 pages

MODALS

The document discusses modals and their functions in English. It defines modals as verbs that express ideas like likelihood, requirement, frequency, inclination, potentiality, and ability. It then provides examples of modals used to express different levels of each idea. Next, it examines the specific functions of common modals like can, could, have to, may, might, must, should, will, and would. Finally, it briefly introduces the subjunctive mood and forms of subjunctive modals.

Uploaded by

Gerald Buendia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Likelihood Judgment on possibility

Requirement directing to do something and not to do something


Frequency judgment on how usual or often a state of affair is
Adjunct of frequency – always, usually, often, seldom, & never are commonly used
Inclination offering and to do something
Potentiality external circumstances
Ability internal skills

Likelihood (high/certainly) must, will, would, shall


(mid/probably) should
(low/possibly) may, might, could
Requirement (high/certainly) must, will, shall, need
(mid/probably) should
(low/possibly) can, could, may
Frequency will, can, could
Inclination may
Potentiality will, shall
Ability can, could

FUNCTIONS OF MODALS

CAN express ability in the present


ask, give or refuse permission
to make request/ offer

COULD express ability in the past


To make permission/ polite request/ offers

Have to express necessity in the past, present, future

May express possibility in the present and future


To make polite offers
Ask, give or refuse permission

Might express possibility in the present and future

Must express necessity in the present and future


Describe something that is not allowed

Should to give advice

Will describe future plans and predictions


To make request

Would to make request

Would like to make polite offers / polite request


SUBJUNCTIVE MOODS

Indicative states a real or supposed to be facts and asks a question


Imperative delivers a command and make a request
Subjunctive mood conditional, wish, possibility and the like

FORMS of SUBJUNCTIVE MODALS

Present Conditional –
If clause, past
Main clause, past tense aux. verb

Past Conditional –
If clause, past perfect
Main clause would + have (past – aux. + base)

Future Conditional –
If clause, present tense
Main clause, Future tense

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