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Bab III.2.1 Generator Sinkron

The rotor must have 4 poles. Given: Rotor speed (n) = 200 r/min Induced voltage frequency (f) = 60 Hz Using the formula: f = (p×n)/120 Solving for p: p = (120×f)/n = (120×60)/200 = 4 Therefore, the number of poles is 4.

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Hariz Audirahmawan
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213 views20 pages

Bab III.2.1 Generator Sinkron

The rotor must have 4 poles. Given: Rotor speed (n) = 200 r/min Induced voltage frequency (f) = 60 Hz Using the formula: f = (p×n)/120 Solving for p: p = (120×f)/n = (120×60)/200 = 4 Therefore, the number of poles is 4.

Uploaded by

Hariz Audirahmawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bab III. 2.1.

Generator Sinkron

• Klasifikasi Generator
• Prinsip kerja Generator Sinkron
• Frekuensi dan Tegangan yang dibangkitkan
• Rangkaian Ekivalen
• Daya dan Torsi
• Kerja Paralel Generator Sinkron
AC Generators or Alternators
• Alternators do not require commutation
– this allows a simpler construction
– the field coils are made to rotate while the armature
windings are stationary
• Note: the armature windings
are those that produce the
output

– the lighter field coils are


mounted on the rotor and
direct current is fed to these
by a set of slip rings
A four-pole alternator
Synchronous Generators

Generator

Exciter
View of a two-pole round rotor generator and exciter.
(Westinghouse)
1. Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
− Most hydraulic turbines have to turn at low speeds (beetwen 50
and 300 r/min)
− A large number of poles are required on the rotor  d-axis
 Non-
N
uniform
air-gap
D  10
m
q-axis S S

Turbine
N
Hydro
(water)

Hydrogenerator
Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
Slip Generator dengan rotor
rings Salient untuk daya di
bawah 10 MVA dan
Pole kecepatan rendah
(Hydrogenerator)

DC excitation
winding
Fan

Rotor of a four-pole salient pole generator


Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generator

Generator dengan
rotor silindris untuk
daya sekitar 10 MVA
dan kecepatan 1500
rpm pada frekuensi 50 Hz
( Turbo generator )
Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generator

Turbine D»1m

L » 10 m
Steam d-axis
Stator winding
• High speed N
Uniform air-gap
• 3600 r/min Þ 2-pole
Stator
• 1800 r/min Þ 4-pole
q-axis Rotor winding
 Direct-conductor cooling
Rotor
(using hydrogen or water as
coolant) S

 Rating up to 2000 MVA


Turbogenerator
Construction of synchronous machines

Slip rings

Brush
The brushes are made of a carbon
compound to provide a good contact
with low mechanical friction.
Slip Rings

• Allow DC current to flow to the field windings


on the rotor to produce the magnetic field
Operation Principle

Flux f
nsy
B+
C- The rotor of the generator is
driven by a prime-mover
N +
+
- + A-
+
A+
-
- + A dc current is flowing in the
- rotor winding which produces
- S a rotating magnetic field
within the machine
B- C+

The rotating magnetic field


induces a three-phase voltage
in the stator winding of the
generator
AC Generator : Revolving Field
• Field windings on rotor
– DC current provided for
field via slip rings and
brushes (vice commutator
rings)
– Rotor turned by prime
mover creates rotating
magnetic field
• Armature windings on stator
– As field rotates, AC
current produced in
armature
kumparan 3-fasa dan
– Since stationary contacts,
tegangan yang
no arc-over dibangkitkan
Cylindrical (or round) rotor Salient pole rotor

Rotor Silindris 2 kutub Rotor Salient 2 kutub


Principle of Operation
4-Pole Salient Rotor

2-pole Cylindrical Rotor


Generator Sinkron Tiga fasa dengan Penguatan
Generator DC “Pilot Exciter”.
Diterapkan pada mesin sinkron dengan kecepatan rendah, tetapi
rating daya yang besar, antara lain generator Pembangkit listrik
tenaga air (Hydroelectric)
Generator Sinkron Tiga fasa dengan Sistem
Penguatan “Brushless Exciter System”.
Classifying AC Generators
• Number of phases: most shipboard electrical
power is 3 phase, this is more reliable plus loss of
one phase will not cause a loss of equipment
operability
• Frequency: most shipboard electrical power is 60
Hz, some electronic equipment operate at 400 Hz
or higher
• Voltage: usually 450 V, smaller appliances use
120 V
• Power rating: measured in kW, most shipboard
generators are 2,000 - 3,000 kW
Electrical Frequency
Electrical frequency produced is locked or synchronized to
the mechanical speed of rotation of a synchronous generator:

p nm
fe 
120
where fe = electrical frequency in Hz
p = number of poles
nm= mechanical speed of the
rotor, in rpm

Typical machines have two-


poles, four-poles, and six-poles
Example Problem 1

1. A four-pole alternator is required to operate at 60 Hz.


What is the required rotation speed?
Answer :
Four-pole alternator has two pole pairs. Therefore the output
frequency is twice the rotation speed. Therefore to operate at
60Hz, the required speed must be 60/2 = 30Hz. This is
equivalent to 30  60 = 1800 rpm.

2. Calculate the frequency of a 1800 rpm , 4 pole synchronous


generator
Answer:
ns = 1800 rpm, 2p = 4  Then, f = 2*1800/60 = 60 Hz
Problem

1. What would be the frequency of a 6 pole machine


spinning at the same rpm? Answer : 90 Hz
2. A hydraulic turbine turning at 200 r/min is connected
to a synchronous generator. If the induced voltage has
a frequency of 60 Hz, how many poles does the rotor
have?

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