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Objective of The Experiment

1. The experiment aims to validate Bernoulli's theorem by demonstrating that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant along a streamline in steady, incompressible flow. 2. The apparatus includes a converging-diverging pipe section, measuring tanks, and equipment to measure flow rate and pressure variations. 3. Bernoulli's theorem states that the sum of pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head remains constant along a streamline in steady, incompressible flow without external forces. The experiment will measure these variations to validate the theorem.

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Yousef Sailini
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55 views3 pages

Objective of The Experiment

1. The experiment aims to validate Bernoulli's theorem by demonstrating that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant along a streamline in steady, incompressible flow. 2. The apparatus includes a converging-diverging pipe section, measuring tanks, and equipment to measure flow rate and pressure variations. 3. Bernoulli's theorem states that the sum of pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head remains constant along a streamline in steady, incompressible flow without external forces. The experiment will measure these variations to validate the theorem.

Uploaded by

Yousef Sailini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective of the Experiment

1. To demonstrate the variation of the pressure along a converging-diverging


pipesection.2. The objective is to validate Bernoulli’s assumptions and theorem byexperimen
tally proving that the sum of the terms in the Bernoulli equation along astreamline always
remains a constant.

Apparatus Required:

Apparatus for the verification of Bernoulli’s theorem andmeasuring tank with stop watch
setup for measuring the actual flow rate.

Theory:

The Bernoulli theorem is an approximate relation between pressure, velocity, and elevation,
andis valid in regions of steady, incompressible flow where net frictional forces are
negligible. Theequation is obtained when the Euler’s equation is integrated along the
streamline for a constantdensity (incompressible) fluid. The constant of integration (called
the Bernoulli’s constant) variesfrom one streamline to another but remains constant along a
streamline in steady, frictionless,incompressible flow. Despite its simplicity, it has
been proven to be a very powerful tool for fluidmechanics.Bernoulli’s equation states that
the “sum of the kinetic energy (velocity head), the pressureenergy (static head) and
Potential energy (elevation head) per unit weight of the fluid at
any point remains constant” provided the flow is steady, irrotational, and frictionless and th
e fluidused is incompressible. This is however, on the assumption that energy is neither
added to nor taken away by some external agency. The key approximation in the derivation
of Bernoulli’sequation is that viscous effects are negligibly small compared to inertial,
gravitational, and pressure effects. We can write the theorem asPressure head ()+ Velocity
head ()+ Elevation (Z) = a constantWhere, P = the pressure.(N/m

)r = density of the fluid, kg/m

V = velocity of flow, (m/s)g = acceleration due to gravity, m/s

Z = elevation from datum line, (m

/w+V
12

/2g+Z

=P

/w+V

22

/2g+Z

= constant

Where

P/w

is the pressure head

V/2g

is the velocity head

is the potential head.The Bernoulli’s equation forms the basis for solving a wide variety of
fluid flow problems suchas jets issuing from an orifice, jet trajectory, flow under a gate and
over a weir, flow metering byobstruction meters, flow around submerged objects, flows
associated with pumps and turbinesetc.The equipment is designed as a self-sufficient unit it
has a sump tank, measuring tank and a pump for water circulation as shown in figure1. The
apparatus consists of a supply tank, which isconnected to flow channel. The channel
gradually contracts for a length and then graduallyenlarges for the remaining length.In this
equipment the

is constant and is not taken for calculation.

Procedure:

1.

Keep the bypass valve open and start the pump and slowly start closing valve.

2.
The water shall start flowing through the flow channel. The level in the Piezometer
tubesshall start rising.

3.

Open the valve on the delivery tank side and adjust the head in the Piezometer tubes
tosteady position.

4.

Measure the heads at all the points and also discharge with help of diversion pan in
themeasuring tank.

5.

Varying the discharge and repeat the procedure

REFERENCES:

1)

Fluid mechanics - Dr.R.K.Bansal

2)

Experiments in fluid mechanics - Sarabjit Singh

3)

Wikipedia

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