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Vtu PG Centre Kalaburagi: Design Data Handbook

(1) The document discusses fracture mechanics concepts including stress intensity factors, Airy stress functions, plastic zone sizes, energy release rates, the J-integral, crack tip opening displacements, and experimental test methods. (2) Numerical methods like the finite element method and compliance methods are presented for calculating stress intensity factors. Test standards are described for bend and tension specimens. (3) Size requirements and sources of non-linearity are covered for experimental fracture mechanics specimens. Relationships between critical stress intensity factors, crack tip opening displacements, and the J-integral are also presented.

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64 views27 pages

Vtu PG Centre Kalaburagi: Design Data Handbook

(1) The document discusses fracture mechanics concepts including stress intensity factors, Airy stress functions, plastic zone sizes, energy release rates, the J-integral, crack tip opening displacements, and experimental test methods. (2) Numerical methods like the finite element method and compliance methods are presented for calculating stress intensity factors. Test standards are described for bend and tension specimens. (3) Size requirements and sources of non-linearity are covered for experimental fracture mechanics specimens. Relationships between critical stress intensity factors, crack tip opening displacements, and the J-integral are also presented.

Uploaded by

MD NASEERUDDIN
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VTU PG CENTRE KALABURAGI

Design Data Handbook


For
FRACTURE MECHANICS
IV Semester M-Tech

DEPARTMENT OF MACHINE DESIGN

2016-2017
I-In plane crack tip stresses:

Stress intensity factor(K):

Condition for crack growth:

Griffith Criterion: Stress intensity factor:

Crack growth propagation:


II-Airy’s stress function:- Airy’s Stress function(ψ):
Equilibrium equations (plane case):

Stress-strain relations:

Complex functions:

Cauchy-Reimann conditions: C-R equation:

Stresses at crack tip:

Westergaard function:

Stress function for Mode-I crack under biaxial stress:

and
Stresses at crack tip;

Modified stress function: Stresses:


Displacements:

Or , Mode-III

General Solution:

Weastergaard, Irwin,Koiter (infinte plate):

Fig 3.4 Stresses on the edges of strip cut


from infinite plate with collinear cracks.
Fedderson, Isida, Irwin finite width corrections: SIF for small edge crack:

Special Cases:

SIF for internal pressure: For central located wedge force(x=0):

Modified SIF :

General soln for eccentrical point force(Green’s soln): Reduced SIF:

Elliptical Cracks(from table 3.1):


Plastic Zone Correction Factor:

Max SIF:

Flaw shape parameter:

Max SIF for surface flaw:


Fig 3.13- Kobayashi correction (Mk) for proximity of
front free-surface
3.14 Stress intensity for surface flaws tension & bending
Mode-I Stresses:

Stresses (polar co-ordinates): Principal stress:

Mode-II Crack opening displacement:


III-Crack Tip Plastic Zone:
Irwin plastic zone Correction:

Crack tip opening Displacement:

Area A=B:
Dugdale Approach: SIF for S distributed force:

s=a to a+ρ
The value ρ is:

Shape of Plastic zone:

By Von-Mises criterion

Crack tip Stress field Equations:

Tresca Criterion:
Plastic constraint factor: Plastic zone correction:

COD(x=0):

Thickness Effect:
V-Energy Principle:
Condition for crack growth (plate with unit thickness)

Elastic Energy(cracked plate):

Energy release rate:

Energy released as work: Criterion for crack growth:

Energies from different mode: Critical stress:

for plane strain case


R-CURVE:
From graph:

Irwin correction: Alternative R- curves:

COMLIANCE: Relation b/w G & K:

where
Relative Displacement:

Compliance of specimen:

Energy release rate interms of compliance:

SIF:
Fig 5.20 Load displacement diagram for cracked
body of nonlinear elastic material
J-INTEGRAL:
J-integral around crack tip contour:
for linear elastic case

For non-linear elastic

Fig 5.22 constant Jic for centre cracked specimens [23]


(courtesy ASTM)
Tearing modulus: For Stable crack growth: Stability:

fracture instablity occurs


Paris Dimensionless form;
`
VII- Dynamics & Crack Arrest:
Crack tip subjected to displacements u & v :

Speed of displacement:

Resulting Kinetic enrgy:

Crack growth rate:

Fig 6.5 Tensile stress & shear stress as fun of θ, as affected by crack speed
Crack Branching The Principle of crack arrest:
IV- Chapter 2. Numerical Method [fem]:
1. Analytical solution: a. Direct Method:
i. Using Airy’s stress function:

ii. Method of Conformal Mapping

b. Indirect method: Compliance

3. Experimental method: iii. Compliance Method:


i. Based on photo elasticity:

ii. Strain Gauge method:

ASTM Test Standard:


Bend Specimen: B = 0.25 W to W; Span (S) = 4W
For 0.45 < (a/w) < 0.55

For 0.2 < (a/w) < 1


Tension Specimen: a = 0.45-0.55W ; B = 0.25W to 0.5W
For 0.45 < (a/w) < 0.55

For 0.2 < (a/w) < 1

II Estimation of stress intensity factor:


Size Requirement:
Bmin = 2.5 (KIC/δy)2
W= 2a, 2B= W
L = 1.2W Compact tension
L = 4W Bend Specimen

Non-Linearity:
and
VI- Chapter

Crack tip opening displacement:

Experimental CTOD:
Experimental CTOD:

Veerman & Muller equation


Parameters Affecting Critical CTOD:

Relation b/w J-integral & CTOD:

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