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Solubility Rules: Summary of Strong and Weak Electrolytes

1. The document summarizes solubility rules for various ionic compounds and categorizes them as strong or weak electrolytes. Common exceptions to solubility rules are provided. 2. Soluble compounds tend to dissociate into charged particles and conduct electricity in solution, making them strong electrolytes. Insoluble compounds remain molecular and are usually weak electrolytes. 3. Strong acids, hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, and most soluble salts are classified as strong electrolytes since they fully dissociate. Mercury and lead compounds along with some others are exceptions that ionize weakly.

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619 views1 page

Solubility Rules: Summary of Strong and Weak Electrolytes

1. The document summarizes solubility rules for various ionic compounds and categorizes them as strong or weak electrolytes. Common exceptions to solubility rules are provided. 2. Soluble compounds tend to dissociate into charged particles and conduct electricity in solution, making them strong electrolytes. Insoluble compounds remain molecular and are usually weak electrolytes. 3. Strong acids, hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, and most soluble salts are classified as strong electrolytes since they fully dissociate. Mercury and lead compounds along with some others are exceptions that ionize weakly.

Uploaded by

Owie Toong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLUBILITY RULES

A SUMMARY OF SOLUBILITIES
RULE EXCEPTIONS
1. Nitrates and acetates are generally No common ones. Silver acetate, mercurous acetate,
soluble. and lead acetate are moderately soluble.
2. compounds of the alkali metals and the No common ones.
ammonium ion are generally soluble.
3. Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are The halides of Ag1+, Hg22+, and Pb2+; also HgI2, BiOCl,
generally soluble. and SbOCl.
4. Sulfates are generally soluble. PbSO4, SrSO4, and BaSO4 are insoluble.
CaSO4, Hg2SO4, and Ag2SO4 are moderately soluble.
The corresponding bisulfates are more soluble.
5. Carbonates, chromates, phosphates, Those of the alkali metals and ammonium ion are
and sulfites are generally insoluble. soluble. Many acid phosphates are soluble, i.e.,
Mg(H2PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2.
6. Sulfides are generally insoluble. Those of the alkali metals and ammonium ion are
soluble. The alkaline earth metals are soluble. Cr2S3
and Al2S3 decompose and precipitate as hydroxides.
7. Hydroxides are generally insoluble. Those of the alkali metals and ammonium ion are
soluble. The hydroxides of Ba, Sr, and Ca are
moderately soluble, i.e., Ca(OH)2 @20°C = 0.02M
(Consider theses strong electrolytes in water.) The
hydroxide of Mg is only very lightly soluble, i.e.
Mg(OH)2 @20°C = 0.0002M (Consider this an
insoluble substance.)
8. Almost all ionic compounds containing
- - - - -
NO2 , ClO4 , ClO3 , ClO2 , and ClO are
soluble.
9. All inorganic acids are soluble.
Solubility of organic acids is variable.

SOLUTIONS MADE FROM THE ABOVE SPECIES, WHEN SOLUBLE, ARE FOUND
TO EXIST AS CHARGED PARTICLES AND THUS CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT.

SUMMARY OF STRONG AND WEAK ELECTROLYTES


RULE EXCEPTIONS
1. Most acids are weak electrolytes Common strong acids (strong electrolytes) are HCl,
HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, and HClO4
2. Most bases are weak electrolytes Strong base hydroxides (strong electrolytes) are
those of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
3. Most soluble salts are strong Important weakly ionized salts are HgCl2, Hg(CN)2,
electrolytes. CdCl2, CdBr2, CdI2, and Pb(C2H3O2)2.

WHEN A SPECIES IS LISTED AS A STRONG ELECTROLYTE, WRITE IT IN IONIZED


FORM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. WEAK ELECTROLYTES ARE WRITTEN IN
MOLECULAR FORM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS.

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