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Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas: Prentice Hall - Physical Science Chapter 6 Sec 3

This document discusses naming and writing formulas for ionic and molecular compounds. It provides the following key information: 1) Ionic compound names indicate the cation and anion, while molecular compound names list the elements in order of metallic character. 2) Ionic formulas use subscripts to show the ratio of ions that balance charges. Molecular formulas write element symbols in the order of the name. 3) Transition metals can form multiple ions, distinguished by charge in names like copper(I) and copper(II). Polyatomic ions are named groups with charges.

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296 views17 pages

Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas: Prentice Hall - Physical Science Chapter 6 Sec 3

This document discusses naming and writing formulas for ionic and molecular compounds. It provides the following key information: 1) Ionic compound names indicate the cation and anion, while molecular compound names list the elements in order of metallic character. 2) Ionic formulas use subscripts to show the ratio of ions that balance charges. Molecular formulas write element symbols in the order of the name. 3) Transition metals can form multiple ions, distinguished by charge in names like copper(I) and copper(II). Polyatomic ions are named groups with charges.

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Pawan Patil
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Naming and Writing

Chemical Formulas
Prentice Hall – Physical Science Chapter 6 Sec 3
Key Questions
 What information do the name and formula of an ionic
compound provide?
 What information do the name and formula of a
molecular compound provide?
Why name compounds?
 Remember DHMO?

 Two or more names


for a compound can
be confusing.
Chemists use a single
system for naming
compounds.
Binary Ionic Compounds

Consists of two
elements
How to name: the
name of the cation
followed by the name
of the anion with the
suffix –ide.
Transition Metals
Metals With Multiple Ions
Many transition metals form more than one type of ion.
Describing Ionic Compounds
The table shows a copper(I) ion with a 1+ charge and a copper(II) ion
with a 2+ charge. These ion names can distinguish red copper(I) oxide
from black copper(II) oxide.
• The formula for “copper one oxide” is Cu2O because it takes two Cu1+ ions to
balance the charge on an O2– ion.
• The formula for “copper two oxide” is CuO because it takes only one Cu2+ ion
to balance the charge on an O2– ion.
Polyatomic ions
A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or
negative charge and acts as a
unit
 Most are anions.
Writing formulas
 Use the name of an ionic compound to write its formula.
The symbol of the cation is first, followed by the symbol
of the anion.
 Use subscripts to show the ratio of the ions in the
compound.
 Parentheses are used with the subscript for polyatomic
ions. The formula for iron(III) hydroxide is Fe(OH)3.
Writing Formulas
Let’s try Na and S
Because all compounds are neutral, the total charges on
the cations and anions must add up to zero. Suppose an
atom that gains two electrons, such as sulfur, reacts with
an atom that loses one electron, such as sodium.
• There must be two sodium ions (Na+) for each sulfide ion
(S2–).
• The formula for sodium sulfide is Na2S. The 2– charge on
one sulfide ion is balanced by the 1+ charges on two sodium
ions.
Describing Molecular Compounds
Naming Molecular Compounds
 The general rule is that the most metallic element appears first
in the name. These elements are farther to the left in the
periodic table.
 If both elements are in the same group, the more metallic
element is closer to the bottom of the group.
 The name of the second element is changed to end in the suffix
-ide, as in carbon dioxide.
Describing Molecular Compounds
There may be more than one
molecular compound that can exist
with the same two elements.
The Greek prefixes in the table are
used to name molecular
compounds. The prefix octa-means
“eight,” as in the eight tentacles of
an octopus.
Describing Molecular Compounds
Two compounds that contain nitrogen and oxygen have
the formulas N2O4 and NO2.
• The name of the compound with the formula N2O4 is
dinitrogen tetraoxide.
• The name for the compound with the formula NO2 is
mononitrogen dioxide. The prefix mono- often is not used
for the first element in the name, so a more common name
is nitrogen dioxide.
Describing Molecular Compounds
Writing Molecular Formulas
To write the formula for a molecular compound, write the
symbols for the elements in the order the elements appear in the
name.
• The prefixes indicate the number of atoms of each element in the
molecule.
• The prefixes appear as subscripts in the formulas.
• If there is no prefix for an element in the name, there is only one atom
of that element in the molecule.
Assessment Questions

1. Which of these formulas describes a binary ionic compound?


a. O2
b. MgCl2
c. NO2
d. Fe(OH)3
Assessment Questions

1. Which of these formulas describes a binary ionic compound?


a. O2
b. MgCl2
c. NO2
d. Fe(OH)3

ANS: B
Assessment Questions

2. What is the correct name for CCl4?


a. carbon(IV) chloride
b. carbon tetrachlorine
c. carbon tetrachloride
d. monocarbon tetrachloride
Assessment Questions

2. What is the correct name for CCl4?


a. carbon(IV) chloride
b. carbon tetrachlorine
c. carbon tetrachloride
d. monocarbon tetrachloride
ANS: C

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