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C84-1Considerations Distr Gen

This document discusses challenges with maintaining voltage levels on distribution systems with high penetrations of distributed energy resources like rooftop solar PV. It provides Hawaii Electric Company's experience where high densities of rooftop solar have caused secondary voltages to rise during daylight hours. The document suggests potential revisions to ANSI C84.1 voltage guidelines to better accommodate distributed energy resources, such as allowing higher daytime voltage ranges on medium voltage systems and establishing separate voltage drop criteria for feeders serving distributed generation. It aims to spark discussion on whether C84.1 should broaden its scope to consider modern grid challenges across North America.

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kcirrenwod
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94 views

C84-1Considerations Distr Gen

This document discusses challenges with maintaining voltage levels on distribution systems with high penetrations of distributed energy resources like rooftop solar PV. It provides Hawaii Electric Company's experience where high densities of rooftop solar have caused secondary voltages to rise during daylight hours. The document suggests potential revisions to ANSI C84.1 voltage guidelines to better accommodate distributed energy resources, such as allowing higher daytime voltage ranges on medium voltage systems and establishing separate voltage drop criteria for feeders serving distributed generation. It aims to spark discussion on whether C84.1 should broaden its scope to consider modern grid challenges across North America.

Uploaded by

kcirrenwod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

1

IEEE VOLT VAR TASK FORCE


Basic C84.1 Considerations for
Distributed Resources
Larry Conrad, Chair and
Representative to ANSI C84
Special Thanks to Hawaii Electric,
Kenneth Fong, and Reid Udea
Feeder voltage challenge
• Traditional C84.1 allocation of voltage range
– All MV feeders had voltage drop
– All secondary and services have voltage drop
– All internal building wiring had voltage drop
• Add many small distributed resources
– Some MV feeders may have a little voltage rise
– Some secondary and service combinations have voltage
RISE and drop
– Branch circuit to distributed resource has voltage RISE
• Do we need to rethink C84.1?
3

Existing ANSI C84.1 Range A


Transformer Apply voltage regulation here
from HV to MV
MV distribution
4.16 kV, 12.47 kV, Allocate 7.5% drop
24 kV, 34.5 kV Range A = +5% to – 2.5%
Pole mounted capacitors and
Some utilities 126 to 117 volts at MV

S
Regulators maintain voltage
“reallocated”
this line Allocate 2.5% drop
LV distribution
secondary and service Range A = +5% to – 5%
126 to 114 volts at meter
LV building wiring systems
Note 1: Assumes 1 volt drop somewhere Allocate 5% drop
Range A = +5% to – 10%
125Note 1 to 108 volts
4

Some recent experiences


• High density rooftop solar
• Many, if not all homes on a single distribution
transformer have PV
• Attempts to be net zero cause as much
backflow as forward flow
• A few reports of larger demand than before
due to sense of can use as much as you want
• High service voltages during sunlight hours
5

HECO Voltage Criteria to Accommodate DG PV and 100% RE Future

Secondary Voltage
Drop/Rise Criteria:
2.5%
Secondary
System

Substation Primary Voltage


Transformer Service Criteria:
Transformer +/-2.5%

(other customers)
6

HECO Voltage Criteria to Accommodate DG PV and 100% RE Future


 Tariff 126V (+5%)

– Voltage: ±5%

Voltage @ Customer Service


– @ Customer Service Entrance (Secondary) 123V (+2.5%)

 Primary Voltage Criteria to accommodate DG PV and

Entrance
100% RE Future
– Previous Criteria: +/- 5% for all times
– Current Criteria 117V (-2.5%)

• +/-2.5% for daytime


• +5%/-2.5% for evening
114V (-5%)
– Changed to accommodate Secondary Voltage drop/rise Distance
criteria
• + 2.5% Voltage Rise during Daytime for Customers with PV
• - 2.5% Voltage Drop for all times of day
Voltage @ Customer Service

126V (+5%)

123V (+2.5%)
Entrance

120V (Nominal)

117V (-2.5%)

114V (-5%)
7

Some comments from HECO


• Secondary voltage rise is a major concern and driving factor.
• HECO started requiring 95% lead (consuming vars) for all
rooftop solar effective 1/1/2016 to counteract high voltage on
the secondary
• Use of R and possibly X compensation is increasing on
substation transformers to lower bus voltage at light loads.
• HECO is considering future volt var requirements rather than
immediately installing capacitors to compensate for the
additional var load. (Waiting on effects of 95%)
• Search web for Hawaiian Electric Power Supply Improvement
Plans for more information.
8

Possible Suggestions to C84


Location Existing To Consider
MV systems voltage drop 7.5% 5%
MV voltage range 105 – 97.5 % 102.5 – 97.5 %
(126-118 Volts) (123-118 Volts)
(daytime only?)
MV-LV secondary and service to 2.5% + or – 2.5%
meter
LV range at meter 105-95 % 105-95 %
(126-114 Volts) (126-114 Volts)
Combined drop in branch and 5% 5%
feeder inside building
Voltage range for equipment 105-90 % 105-90 %
terminals (126-108 Volts) (126-108 Volts)
Combined drop for feeder to DG None -3%
Preferred operating range for DG 105-90 (126-108 Volts) 108-90% (130-108 Volts)
9

Open Discussion
• Questions
• Is it time to broaden the discussion to North
America?
• Should this be in 1885?
• Should C84 take this under consideration?

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