Shear Center PDF
Shear Center PDF
Center
Consider
the
beam
shown
below,
Question:
What
will
happen
to
the
beam
after
a
vertical
downward
load
P
is
applied
at
the
vertical
centroidal
axis
as
shown?
P
Answer:
The
beam
will
bend
downwards.
Shear
Center
Now,
let’s
change
the
orientation
as
shown,
Question:
What
will
happen
now
to
the
beam
after
a
vertical
downward
load
P
is
applied
at
the
vertical
centroidal
axis
as
shown?
P
Answer:
The
beam
will
bend
downwards.
The
beam
will
also
twist.
Shear
Center
This
is
proven
by
the
experiment
shown
below.
e
A
channel
beam
with
load
passing
The
same
beam
that
is
loaded
at
a
thru
the
centroid
that
bends
and
distance
away
from
the
beam
that
bends
twists
the
beam.
but
does
not
twist
the
beam
Shear
Center
OBJECTIVE:
To
determine
the
shear
center
of
thin-‐walled
open
sections.
DEFINITION:
P
Shear
Center
–
a
point
in
the
plane
of
the
cross
section
through
which
the
resultant
of
transverse
shearing
C
stresses
due
to
flexure
will
pass
for
O
any
orientation
of
transverse
load.
Thus,
if
the
loads
are
applied
on
this
e
point
the
beam
will
NOT
twist.
Shear
Center
OBJECTIVE:
To
determine
the
shear
center
of
thin-‐walled
open
sections.
IMPORTANT:
P
1.
The
shear
center
will
always
lie
on
an
axis
of
symmetry
of
the
cross
section.
C
2.
If
a
member
has
a
cross
section
that
O
Axis
of
Symmetry
has
two
axes
of
symmetry,
the
shear
e
center
will
then
coincide
with
the
intersection
of
these
axes
(centroid).
Shear
Center
Consider
the
beam
shown
below,
F1
s
Δx
t
B
F2
VH
but
but
but
( (
FBD(of(Element(B(
FBD
of
Element
B
FBD(of(Element(B(
Simple Elastic Shear Stress Formula Shear Stress on Thin-‐Walled Open Sections
ES
13
CE
14
tflange
t1
Unit:
Force
/
Length
–
kN/
m,
N/m,
kip/ft,
lbs/ft,
etc.
Note:
V
is
the
resultant
vertical
force
due
to
the
shear
flow
q
Shear
Center
Steps
in
Locating
the
Shear
Center
1.
Get
the
shear
flow
function,
q,
of
each
segment
of
the
given
cross
sectional
area.
One
needs
to
be
able
to
setup
the
first
moment
of
area,
Qs,
of
each
segment
prior
to
setting
up
q.
VQs
Recall:
q= where
V
and
I
are
constants.
I
2.
Determine
the
forces
Fi
in
each
segment
by
using
the
equation
B
F = ∫ qds
A
3.
Evaluate
the
moment
of
inertia
of
the
cross
section,
I,
by
summing
forces
along
the
vertical
direction
and
equating
to
zero.
Alternatively,
one
can
use
the
formulas
in
statics
in
evaluating
I.
∑ Fy = 0
Shear
Center
Steps
in
Locating
the
Shear
Center
4.
Determine
the
shear
center,
e,
by
summing
moments
about
a
point
where
e
will
be
measured
from.
∑M = 0
Shear
Center
Example
2
b
Solution:
A
t
F1
Step
1:
Set-‐up
Qs
and
q
h
F2
NA
Step
2:
Get
F1,
F2
and
F3.
C
• Force
F3
:
F3
V ⎛ hb2t ⎞
F3 = F1 = ⎜ ⎟ D
E
I ⎝ 4 ⎠ e
by
symmetry
Shear
Center
Example
2
b
Solution:
V
B
Step
3:
Determine
INA
A
t
• Summing
forces
along
the
vertical
F1
F2
∑ Fy = 0 h
NA
F2 −V = 0 C
V ⎛ bh2t h3t ⎞ F3
⎜ + ⎟ − V = 0
I ⎝ 2 12 ⎠
D
E
V ⎛ bh2t h3t ⎞ e
⎜ + ⎟ = V
I ⎝ 2 12 ⎠
bh2t h3t
I = I NA = +
2 12
Shear
Center
Example
2
b
Solution:
V
B
Step
3:
Determine
INA
A
t
• Alternative
Solution
using
ES
11
F1
2 F2
1 3 ⎡ 1 3 ⎛ h ⎞ ⎤ h
NA
I = th + 2 ⎢ bt + bt ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
12 C
⎣12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦
3
since
t ≈ 0 F3
bh2t h3t D
E
I = I NA = + e
2 12
Shear
Center
Example
2
b
Solution:
V
B
Step
4:
Solve
for
Shear
Center
A
t
• Summing
moments
about
C
F1
∑ MC = 0 F2
h
NA
⎛ h ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞ C
Ve − F1 ⎜ ⎟ − F3 ⎜ ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2 2
F3
⎡V ⎛ hb t ⎞⎤⎛ h ⎞ ⎡V ⎛ hb t ⎞⎤⎛ h ⎞
Ve − ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥⎜ ⎟ − ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥⎜ ⎟ = 0 D
E
⎣ I ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ I ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦⎝ 2 ⎠
e
2 2 but
b 2 h 2t b2h2
bht e= =
e= bh2t h3t 2
⎛ bh t h t ⎞3
h3
4I I = I NA = + 4⎜ +
2
⎟ 2bh +
2 12 ⎝ 2 12 ⎠ 3
Shear
Center
Example
3
t
Given:
Semi-‐circular
arc
with
radius
R
and
thickness
t
as
shown
R
on
the
right.
y
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
Step
1:
Set-‐up
Qs
t
• Qs
is
a
function
of
θ
(instead
of
s)
R
Qs = f (θ) NA
dθ
O
z
Derive
formula
for
Qs
at
Point
P!
θ
Note:
P
1.
Point
P
is
located
at
an
angle
θ
from
y-‐axis.
2.
Get
the
first
moment
of
the
highlighted
area
y
about
the
NA
(but
how???)
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
Step
1:
Set-‐up
Qs
t
• Consider
area
dA
located
at
an
angle
α
from
R
y-‐axis
as
shown.
NA
• The
first
moment
of
its
area
about
NA
is
dθ
O
z
dQs = y dA but
dA = (Rdα )t θ
y = R cos α R
y
α
dα
dQs = (R cos α )[(Rdα )t ] = R 2t cos αdα P
Qs = R 2t sin θ
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
1:
Set-‐up
Qs
t
• Shear
Flow,
q
VQs VR 2t sin θ NA
q= =
I I O
z
• Shear
Stress,
τ
q
2
VR t sin θ
q I
τ= =
t t y
VR 2 sin θ e
τ=
I
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
2:
Set-‐up
Fy
t
• Shear
Flow,
q
VQs VR 2t sin θ NA
q= =
I I dθ
O
z
q
θ
R
• Differential
Force,
dF
dF
dFz
O
ds
dF = qds θ
dFz = (dF )cos θ θ
= (qds )cos θ y
e
dFy = (dF )sin θ dFy
dF
=
qds
= (qds )sin θ
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
2:
Set-‐up
Fy
t
• Consider
dFy
dFy = (qds )sin θ = q sin θ ds NA
π
Fy = ∫0 q sin θ ds dθ
O
z
q
θ
2
VR t sin θ dFy
R
but
q= ds
dF
I
ds = Rdθ
2
y
⎛ VR t sin θ ⎞
π
Fy = ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ sin θ (Rdθ) e
⎝ I ⎠
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
2:
Set-‐up
Fy
t
• Integrating
Fy
⎛ VR 2t sin θ ⎞
π NA
Fy = ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ sin θ (Rdθ)
⎝ I ⎠ dθ
O
z
3
VR t π 2 q
θ
= sin θ dθ dFy
R
I3 ∫0 dF
ds
VR t π ⎛ 1 − cos 2θ ⎞
= ∫ ⎜ ⎟ dθ
I 0
⎝ 2 ⎠
π
VR 3t ⎛ θ sin 2θ ⎞ VR 3t π y
= ⎜ − ⎟ Fy =
I ⎝ 2 4 ⎠ 0 2I e
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
3:
Determine
INA
t
• Summing
forces
along
the
vertical
∑ Fy = 0 NA
V − Fy = 0 dθ
O
z
q
θ
VR t π 3
dFy
R
V− =0 dF
2I ds
πR3t
I = I NA =
2 y
e
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
4:
Solve
for
Shear
Center
t
• Consider
dF,
its
moment
about
O
is
dM = (dF )R but
dF = qds NA
= (qds )R VR 2t sin θ dθ
O
z
q=
I q
θ
= qR ds R
ds = Rdθ dF
ds
VR 2t sin θ VR 4t sin θ
dM = R (Rdθ) = dθ
I I
y
• Summing
moments
about
O
π e
∑ MO = 0 Ve − ∫0 dM = 0
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
4:
Solve
for
Shear
Center
t
• Summing
moments
about
O
π
∑ MO = 0 Ve − ∫0 dM = 0 NA
VR 4t sin θ
π dθ
O
z
Ve − ∫0 dθ = 0 q
θ
I R
VR 4t π dF
Ve − sin θ dθ = 0 ds
I ∫0
VR 4t
Ve − (− cos θ) 0π = 0 y
I
VR 4t 2 R 4t e
Ve − (2) = 0 e=
I I
Shear
Center
Example
3
Solution:
V
Step
4:
Solve
for
Shear
Center
t
• Solving
2 R 4t πR 3t NA
e= but
I=
I 2 dθ
O
z
2 R 4t q
R
θ
e=
⎛ πR 3t ⎞ ds
dF
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
4R
e= y
π
e