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Shear Center PDF

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
677 views35 pages

Shear Center PDF

Uploaded by

Rowin Zapanta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shear

 Center  
—  Consider  the  beam  shown  below,    

Question:      
What  will  happen  to  the  beam  
after  a  vertical  downward  load  P  
is  applied  at  the  vertical  
centroidal  axis  as  shown?  
P  

Answer:      
The  beam  will  bend  downwards.  
Shear  Center  
—  Now,  let’s  change  the  orientation  as  shown,    

Question:      
What  will  happen  now  to  the  
beam  after  a  vertical  downward  
load  P  is  applied  at  the  vertical  
centroidal  axis  as  shown?  
P  

Answer:      
The  beam  will  bend  downwards.  
The  beam  will  also  twist.  
Shear  Center  
—  This  is  proven  by  the  experiment  shown  below.      

e  

A  channel  beam  with  load  passing   The  same  beam  that  is  loaded  at  a  
thru  the  centroid  that  bends  and   distance  away  from  the  beam  that  bends  
twists  the  beam.   but  does  not  twist  the  beam  
Shear  Center  
—  OBJECTIVE:    To  determine  the  shear  center  of  thin-­‐walled  
open  sections.  

—  DEFINITION:  
P    Shear  Center  –  a  point  in  the  plane  
of  the  cross  section  through  which  
the  resultant  of  transverse  shearing  
C   stresses  due  to  flexure  will  pass  for  
O   any  orientation  of  transverse  load.    
Thus,  if  the  loads  are  applied  on  this  
e   point  the  beam  will  NOT  twist.  
Shear  Center  
—  OBJECTIVE:    To  determine  the  shear  center  of  thin-­‐walled  
open  sections.  

—  IMPORTANT:  
P    1.    The  shear  center  will  always  lie  on  
an  axis  of  symmetry  of  the  cross  
section.  
C    2.    If  a  member  has  a  cross  section  that  
O   Axis  of  Symmetry   has  two  axes  of  symmetry,  the  shear  
e   center  will  then  coincide  with  the  
intersection  of  these  axes  (centroid).  
Shear  Center  
—  Consider  the  beam  shown  below,    

FBD  of  Element  B  


e   z  
P   F1   Δx  
s   Δx   s  
B   a   t  
b   B  
x   b  
na  
F2  
VH  
y   a  
Shear  Center  
—  Summing  forces  along  the  horizontal  direction  gives  

FBD  of  Element  B  

F1   s   Δx  
t  
B  

F2  
VH  

First  Moment  of  Area,  Qs  


Shear(Center(
Shear   Center  
Shear(Center(
!  Then,(
— !  Then,  
Then,(

but
but
but   ( (
FBD(of(Element(B(
FBD   of  Element  B  
FBD(of(Element(B(

FF1  1( F1(s   Δx  


Δx( Δx(
s( s(
t  t( t(
B  
B( B(
FF2  2( F2(
VVH  H(
VH(
—  By   conjugate    shear  theory,  
By(conjugate((shear(theory,(
! !  By(conjugate((shear(theory,(

Unit:    Force  /  Area  –  MPa,    Pa,  ksi,  psi,  etc.  


Unit:'(Force(/(Area(–(MPa,((Pa,(ksi,(psi,(etc.(
Unit:'(Force(/(Area(–(MPa,((Pa,(ksi,(psi,(etc.(
Shear  Center  
—  Comparison  

Simple  Elastic  Shear  Stress  Formula   Shear  Stress  on  Thin-­‐Walled  Open  Sections  

ES  13   CE  14  
tflange  
t1  

t  =  thickness  /   t  =  wall  thickness   t2  


width  parallel  to   (need  not  be  
n.a.   na   parallel  to  n.a.)  

τ  =  assumed  to  be   τ  =  is  parallel  to  the  


perpendicular  to   wall  of  the  section  
neutral  axis.   t3  
tweb  
Shear  Center  
—  The  Shear  Flow,  q  ,  is  given  by  the  formula:  

Unit:    
Force  /  Length  –  kN/
m,  N/m,  kip/ft,  lbs/ft,  
etc.    

Note:  V  is  the  resultant  vertical  force  due  to  the  shear  flow  q      
Shear  Center  
—  Steps  in  Locating  the  Shear  Center  
1.    Get  the  shear  flow  function,  q,  of  each  segment  of  the  given  cross  
sectional  area.    One  needs  to  be  able  to  setup  the  first  moment  of  area,  
Qs,  of  each  segment  prior  to  setting  up  q.  
VQs
Recall:   q= where  V  and  I  are  constants.  
I
2.    Determine  the  forces  Fi  in  each  segment  by  using  the  equation  
B
F = ∫ qds
A

3.    Evaluate  the  moment  of  inertia  of  the  cross  section,  I,  by  summing  
forces  along  the  vertical  direction  and  equating  to  zero.    Alternatively,  
one  can  use  the  formulas  in  statics  in  evaluating  I.  
∑ Fy = 0
Shear  Center  
—  Steps  in  Locating  the  Shear  Center  
4.    Determine  the  shear  center,  e,  by  summing  moments  about  a  point  
where  e  will  be  measured  from.      

∑M = 0
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2   b  

Given:      Channel  with  dimensions  as   t  


shown  on  the  right.  
 

Determine  the  location  of  the  shear  


h  
center.  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Problem:      Locate  Shear  Center   V   B  

Solution:   A   t  
F1  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs  and  q  
h   F2  
NA  
Step  2:    Get  F1,  F2  and  F3.   C  

Step  3:    Determine  INA  by  using   ∑ Fy = 0


F3  
or  simply  by  ES  11  approach  
D   E  
Step  4:    Solve  for  the  shear  center,  e,  by  
e  
 using   ∑ M C = 0
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B   P  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs  
A   t  
•  Segment  AB:   s  
⎛ h t ⎞ @  A  (s  =  0):     h   (h/2)-­‐(t/2)  
Qs = Ay = (ts )⎜ − ⎟ NA  
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ QsA = 0 C  

since   t 2 ≈ 0 @  B  (s  =  b):    


⎛ h ⎞ tbh
Qs = Ay = (ts )⎜ ⎟ Qs = D   E  
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 e  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs  
s   A   t  
•  Segment  BD:   (h/2)–(s/2)  
"h s % P  
h   (h/2)-­‐(t/2)  
Qs = Ay = QsB + ( st ) $ − ' NA  
#2 2& C  
bht "h s %
= + ( st ) $ − '
2 #2 2&
D   E  
@  C  (s  =  h/2):     e  
2
@  D  (s  =  h):    
bht ! h $! h h 2 $ bht h t
QsC = + # t &# − & = +
2 " 2 %" 2 2 % 2 8 bht
QsD =
2
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs  
A   t  
•  Segment  DE:  
⎛ h t ⎞ @  E  (s  =  0):     h  
Qs = Ay = (ts )⎜ − ⎟ NA  
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ QsE = 0 C  
(h/2)-­‐(t/2)  
since   t 2 ≈ 0 @  D  (s  =  b):     s  
⎛ h ⎞ tbh
Qs = Ay = (ts )⎜ ⎟ QsD = D  
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 e  
P   E  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
Solution:  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs  
•  Summary   Shear  Flow  
⎛ h ⎞ VQs V ⎛ h ⎞
AB:   Qs = (ts )⎜ ⎟ q AB = = (ts )⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ I I ⎝ 2 ⎠
bht ⎛ h s ⎞ VQs V ⎡ bht ⎛ h s ⎞⎤
BD:   Qs = + (st )⎜ − ⎟ qBD = = ⎢ + (st )⎜ − ⎟⎥
2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ I I ⎣ 2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦
⎛ h ⎞ VQs V ⎛ h ⎞
DE:   Qs = (ts )⎜ ⎟ qDE = = (ts )⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ I I ⎝ 2 ⎠
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  2:  Get  F1,  F2  and  F3  
A   t  
•  Force  F1  :   F1  
F2  
B h   NA  
F1 = ∫ A
qAB ds
b C  
V " ht % = Vth ! s $
2
b
= ∫ 0
$ s ' ds
I#2 &
# &
2I " 2 % 0 F3  
V ! hb 2 t $ D   E  
= # &
I" 4 % e  
•  Force  F2  :  
D h
h V # bht sth s 2 t & V " bhts s 2 th s 3t %
F2 = ∫ B
qBD ds =∫
0
%
I$ 2
+
2

2 '
( ds = $
I# 2
+
4

6 &0
'
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  2:  Get  F1,  F2  and  F3  
A   t  
•  Force  F2  :   F1  
F2  
V ⎛ bh2t h3t ⎞ h   NA  
F2 = ⎜ + ⎟
I ⎝ 2 12 ⎠ C  

•  Force  F3  :   F3  
V ⎛ hb2t ⎞
F3 = F1 = ⎜ ⎟ D   E  
I ⎝ 4 ⎠ e  
by  symmetry  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  3:  Determine  INA  
A   t  
•  Summing  forces  along  the  vertical   F1  
F2  
∑ Fy = 0 h   NA  
F2 −V = 0 C  

V ⎛ bh2t h3t ⎞ F3  
⎜ + ⎟ − V = 0
I ⎝ 2 12 ⎠
D   E  
V ⎛ bh2t h3t ⎞ e  
⎜ + ⎟ = V
I ⎝ 2 12 ⎠
bh2t h3t
I = I NA = +
2 12
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  3:  Determine  INA  
A   t  
•  Alternative  Solution  using  ES  11   F1  
2 F2  
1 3 ⎡ 1 3 ⎛ h ⎞ ⎤ h   NA  
I = th + 2 ⎢ bt + bt ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
12 C  
⎣12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦
3
since   t ≈ 0 F3  

bh2t h3t D   E  
I = I NA = + e  
2 12
Shear  Center  
—  Example  2  
b  
Solution:  
V   B  
Step  4:  Solve  for  Shear  Center  
A   t  
•  Summing  moments  about  C   F1  
∑ MC = 0 F2  
h   NA  
⎛ h ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞ C  
Ve − F1 ⎜ ⎟ − F3 ⎜ ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2 2
F3  
⎡V ⎛ hb t ⎞⎤⎛ h ⎞ ⎡V ⎛ hb t ⎞⎤⎛ h ⎞
Ve − ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥⎜ ⎟ − ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥⎜ ⎟ = 0 D   E  
⎣ I ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ I ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦⎝ 2 ⎠
e  
2 2 but   b 2 h 2t b2h2
bht e= =
e= bh2t h3t 2
⎛ bh t h t ⎞3
h3
4I I = I NA = + 4⎜ +
2
⎟ 2bh +
2 12 ⎝ 2 12 ⎠ 3
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
t  
Given:      Semi-­‐circular  arc  with  
radius  R  and  thickness  t  as  shown   R  
on  the  right.  
 

Determine  the  location  of  the  shear   O   z  


center.  

y  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs   t  
•  Qs  is  a  function  of  θ  (instead  of  s)   R  

Qs = f (θ) NA  
dθ   O   z  
Derive  formula  for  Qs  at  Point  P!   θ  

Note:      
P  
1.    Point  P  is  located  at  an  angle  θ  from  y-­‐axis.  
2.    Get  the  first  moment  of  the  highlighted  area  
y  
about  the  NA  (but  how???)  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs   t  
•  Consider  area  dA  located  at  an  angle  α  from   R  
y-­‐axis  as  shown.      
NA  
•  The  first  moment  of  its  area  about  NA  is  
dθ   O   z  
dQs = y dA but   dA = (Rdα )t θ  
y = R cos α R   y
α  
dα  
dQs = (R cos α )[(Rdα )t ] = R 2t cos αdα P  

•  Integrating  from  0  to  θ   dA  


θ 2 θ y  
Qs = ∫0 R t cos α dα = R t sin α 0
2

Qs = R 2t sin θ
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  1:    Set-­‐up  Qs   t  
•  Shear  Flow,  q  
VQs VR 2t sin θ NA  
q= =
I I O   z  

•  Shear  Stress,  τ   q  
2
VR t sin θ
q I
τ= =
t t y  
VR 2 sin θ e  
τ=
I
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  2:    Set-­‐up  Fy   t  
•  Shear  Flow,  q  
VQs VR 2t sin θ NA  
q= =
I I dθ   O   z  
q   θ  
R  
•  Differential  Force,  dF   dF  
dFz   O   ds  
dF = qds θ  
dFz = (dF )cos θ θ  

= (qds )cos θ y  
e  
dFy = (dF )sin θ dFy   dF  =  qds  
= (qds )sin θ
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  2:    Set-­‐up  Fy   t  
•  Consider  dFy  
dFy = (qds )sin θ = q sin θ ds NA  
π
Fy = ∫0 q sin θ ds dθ   O   z  
q   θ  
2
VR t sin θ dFy   R  
but   q= ds  
dF  
I
ds = Rdθ
2
y  
⎛ VR t sin θ ⎞
π
Fy = ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ sin θ (Rdθ) e  
⎝ I ⎠
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  2:    Set-­‐up  Fy   t  
•  Integrating  Fy  
⎛ VR 2t sin θ ⎞
π NA  
Fy = ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ sin θ (Rdθ)
⎝ I ⎠ dθ   O   z  
3
VR t π 2 q   θ  
= sin θ dθ dFy   R  
I3 ∫0 dF  
ds  
VR t π ⎛ 1 − cos 2θ ⎞
= ∫ ⎜ ⎟ dθ
I 0
⎝ 2 ⎠
π
VR 3t ⎛ θ sin 2θ ⎞ VR 3t π y  
= ⎜ − ⎟ Fy =
I ⎝ 2 4 ⎠ 0 2I e  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  3:    Determine  INA   t  
•  Summing  forces  along  the  vertical  
∑ Fy = 0 NA  
V − Fy = 0 dθ   O   z  
q   θ  
VR t π 3
dFy   R  
V− =0 dF  
2I ds  
πR3t
I = I NA =
2 y  
e  
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  4:  Solve  for  Shear  Center   t  
•  Consider  dF,  its  moment  about  O  is  
dM = (dF )R but   dF = qds NA  
= (qds )R VR 2t sin θ dθ   O   z  
q=
I q   θ  
= qR ds R  
ds = Rdθ dF  
ds  
VR 2t sin θ VR 4t sin θ
dM = R (Rdθ) = dθ
I I
y  
•  Summing  moments  about  O  
π e  
∑ MO = 0 Ve − ∫0 dM = 0
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  4:  Solve  for  Shear  Center   t  
•  Summing  moments  about  O  
π
∑ MO = 0 Ve − ∫0 dM = 0 NA  
VR 4t sin θ
π dθ   O   z  
Ve − ∫0 dθ = 0 q   θ  
I R  
VR 4t π dF  
Ve − sin θ dθ = 0 ds  
I ∫0

VR 4t
Ve − (− cos θ) 0π = 0 y  
I
VR 4t 2 R 4t e  
Ve − (2) = 0 e=
I I
Shear  Center  
—  Example  3  
Solution:  
V  
Step  4:  Solve  for  Shear  Center   t  
•  Solving  
2 R 4t πR 3t NA  
e= but   I=
I 2 dθ   O   z  
2 R 4t q  
R  
θ  
e=
⎛ πR 3t ⎞ ds  
dF  
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
4R
e= y  
π
e  

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