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Intro To Force and Motion

The document provides an introduction to physics concepts like force, motion, speed, velocity, and acceleration by defining each term and providing examples of calculations. Students are instructed to practice measuring speed and velocity by timing each other traveling a chosen distance using different methods of motion, and recording the data to calculate values. The goal is to practice physics measurements and calculations through an interactive group activity.

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Ernesto Gullod
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91 views26 pages

Intro To Force and Motion

The document provides an introduction to physics concepts like force, motion, speed, velocity, and acceleration by defining each term and providing examples of calculations. Students are instructed to practice measuring speed and velocity by timing each other traveling a chosen distance using different methods of motion, and recording the data to calculate values. The goal is to practice physics measurements and calculations through an interactive group activity.

Uploaded by

Ernesto Gullod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intro to Physics!

5/19/14
Warm Up: What is • Start notes here
Physics?
the science that deals
with matter, energy,
motion, and force.

Please have both of


the Cornell Notes in
the basket for me to
check!
So…
• How much of the info in the Cornell Notes do you
remember from past years?

• It’s important to remember that motion is the result of


a force acting on an object and that the movement of
the object can cause forces that affect other objects.
• In this unit, we’ll be learning about how to measure &
describe these forces
• On these notes, feel free to add diagrams, etc, to the
left side of your note page!
• Click on image
Force
• Force – a push or a pull
• Most objects have lots of forces acting on
them at once – think about you right now
sitting on your chair
Motion
• Challenge – can you describe “motion”
without using the word “move” in your
definition?
• Motion – the act of changing position.
Pause for a minute to think about “distance”
• Challenge: How could you describe distance?
• Think about how we defined “motion”…
– A change in position…
• So, distance is the difference between an object’s
initial and final position
• d = distance
• ∆ = delta = change
• x = position (X marks the spot)
• x1 = initial position (start)
• x2 = final position (end)

d = ∆x
so... d = x2 – x1
Practice with Distance

•You can start measuring from the back of the trolley or the front –
just be consistent.
•For example – if you measure the change in position of the front of
the trolley, it moved from 10 cm to 85 cm. 85 cm – 10 cm = 75 cm
•OR, measure the change in position of the back of the trolley. It
moved from 0 cm to 75 cm. 75 cm – 0 cm = 75 cm
•In both cases your answer for distance moved is 75 cm
Practice with Distance

• 70 cm – 20 cm = 50 cm
OR
• 60 cm – 10 cm = 50 cm
Practice with Distance

• 40 cm –0 cm = 40 cm
Speed
• Speed – the measurement of how fast an
object moves
Speed
• It is calculated by taking the distance traveled
divided by the time it took for the motion to
occur
Speed = Distance
Time
• The unit for speed is: m/s (meters/seconds)

• It can also be “mph” (miles/hour) or any other


unit of distance over time
Speed

• What is the speed of a car that travels 100 m in 5 s?

• Speed = 100 m = 20 m
5 s s
Velocity
• Velocity – A measurement describing both
speed and direction.
• Same formula as speed but add a direction
(such as North, South, right or left)
• Note the velocity changes as the direction
changes
Velocity
• What is the velocity of a car that travels
northbound 100 m in 5 s?

• Velocity = 100 m North = 20 m North


5 s s
Velocity
• To calculate the average velocity of a moving
object, take the difference in position divided
by change in time and include the direction:
• Velocityave = (x2 – x1)/(t2 – t1) with direction!
Acceleration
• Acceleration – is the rate at which the velocity of an
object changes over time (a change in speed and/or
change in direction).

• Velocity and acceleration are vector quantities, with


magnitude and direction
– Vectors are just shown as arrows in the direction being
travelled

• It is calculated by taking the final speed and


subtracting the initial speed, then dividing by the time
it took for the motion to occur
• Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed
Final Time – Initial Time
Acceleration
• The unit for acceleration is: m
s2

• What is the acceleration of a car that goes from 0 m/s


to 50 m/s in 10 s?

• Acceleration = 50 m/s – 0 m/s = 5 m


10 s s2
Acceleration
• Can be positive, negative, or zero

• Positive when the object is speeding up


• Negative when the object is slowing down
• Zero when the object has constant speed
Practice (left side on notebook!)
• Describe, in one or more complete sentences,
how speed and velocity are similar and how
they are different.
Momentum
• Momentum – linear momentum (or translational)
momentum is the product of the mass and
velocity of an object.
• It is calculated by taking the mass of an object
and multiplying it by its speed and including
direction
• Momentum = (Mass  Speed) + direction

• The unit for momentum is: kgm + direction


• s
• Click on image
Momentum
• What is the momentum of a 5,000 kg car traveling 10 m
in 1 s?
• Momentum = 5,000  10 = 50,000 kgm
• 1 s
• Click on bus
Speed & Velocity Practice
for tomorrow

• Set up this data chart:


Participant Time Distance Speed Direction Velocity

Average
Your Group Decides…
• Choose a distance
• Decide how you will each travel the distance
(run, skip, grapevine, ….)
• Each person will travel the distance while
timed by the group.
• Direction must be recorded
Intro Physics – Day 2
Speed and Velocity Practice
Goal: Practice measurements and
calculations
Warm Up: Review your C-notes on
speed & velocity
Speed & Velocity Practice
you should have made this chart yesterday!

• Set up this data chart:


Participant Time Distance Speed Direction Velocity

Average
Your Group Decides…
• Choose a distance
• Decide how you will each travel the distance
(run, skip, grapevine, ….)
• Each person will travel the distance while
timed by the group.
• Direction must be recorded
Your Data – Your Group Decides…
• Choose a distance – 100 feet Write Up-
• Decide how you will each travel the • Directions or
distance (run, skip, grapevine, ….) but Procedure
everybody does it! • Data table
• Each person will travel the distance • Conclusion:
while timed by the group. • High/low data
• Direction must be recorded - NORTH • & purpose was
• When you have completed the data, practice!
come inside to complete the math!
• There is a worksheet to practice on
when you are done!

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