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Topic 7. Linear Motion 2

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21 views21 pages

Topic 7. Linear Motion 2

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salnymy
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TOPIC 7-LINEAR MOTION

Babitha Firoz
GES 201
Spring 21-22
After this lecture, you should be able to Explain:

 Distance versus Displacement


 Speed: Average and Instantaneous
 Velocity
 Uniform & Non-uniform motion
 Acceleration & Retardation
 Free Fall relevant to the gravitational force (gravity)
 Types of forces
 Momentum
 Elastic & Inelastic collisions
1-Distance Versus Displacement

Distance is the length of the path. A


.
Displacement : It is a straight line from the starting point
(origin) to the end point. It is therefore also the shortest
distance between two points.
Distance Versus Displacement

 The length of the path covered by a moving body is known as distance.


 Unit of distance – meter (m)
 It is a Scalar quantity.

 The minimum distance travelled by a body in a specific direction is known as


displacement.
 Unit of displacement – meter(m)
 Displacement is a vector quantity.
Distance Versus Displacement.

 Qn. If a car travels 100km from Abu Dhabi to Al Ain in a straight path A
and comes back to Abu Dhabi itself through the same route. Is the
distance and displacement equal?

 The total distance = 100+100 = 200km

 The total displacement = 100-100 = 0 km


 (Opposite direction is considered as negative)
2- Speed

 Defined as the distance covered per amount of travel time.


 Unit - meters per second, m/s
 In equation form:
distance
Speed =
time

Example: A girl runs 4 meters in 2 sec. What is her speed ?


Speed = distance/ time
= 4/2 = 2 m/s
Average Speed

 The entire distance covered divided by the total travel time

In equation form:

total distance covered


Average speed 
time interval

Example: If a car travels 100km from Abu Dhabi to Al Ain in 2 hours and 150 km
from Al Ain to Dubai in 3 hours.
Average speed of the car = Total distance/time
= [100 + 150] / (2+3)
= 250 / 5 = 50 Km/hr
Average Speed

The average speed of driving 30 km in 1 hour is the same as the average


speed of driving
A. 30 km in 1/2 hour.
B. 30 km in 2 hours.
C. 60 km in 1/2 hour.
D. 60 km in 2 hours.
Instantaneous Speed

Instantaneous speed is the speed at any instant.


Example:
 When you ride in your car, you may speed up and slow
down. Your instantaneous speed is given by your
speedometer.
3- Difference between Speed and Velocity

speed is a scalar quantity (only magnitude)


Speed = distance/ time
Unit – m/s

velocity is a vector quantity (both magnitude & direction)


Velocity = displacement / time
Unit – m/s
4-UNIFORM & NON-UNIFORM MOTION

 If a body moves equal distance in equal intervals of time


throughout the motion, then it is known as Uniform motion. Speed
will be a constant here
 Ex: Hands of a clock

 If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, the


motion is known as non-uniform motion. [Speed changes]
 Ex: an accelerating car
5-Acceleration

Acceleration = change in velocity/time interval


a = (vf – v0)/t
* a is acceleration
* vf is the final velocity
* v0 is the initial velocity

Acceleration is a vector (both magnitude & direction)


Acceleration

change in velocity
In equation form: Acceleration 
time interval
Unit of acceleration is unit of velocity / unit of time.
Example:
• Your car’s speed right now is 40 km/h.
• Your car’s speed 5 h later is 45 km/h. What is acceleration?

• change in velocity is final velocity – initial velocity = 45 – 40


= 5 km/h.

• Acceleration = change in velocity/ time interval


= 5 km/h /5 h = 1 Km/ h2.
Retardation

Example:
• Your car’s speed right now is 50 km/h.
• Your car’s speed 5 h later is 45 km/h. What is acceleration?

• Your car’s change in speed is = final velocity – initial velocity


= 45 – 50 = -5 km/h.
• Your car’s acceleration is -5 km/h /5 h = -1 Km/ h2

• It is a –ve acceleration.

• Negative acceleration is generally called retardation or deceleration


6-Free Fall

Falling under the influence of gravity only - with no air resistance

Acceleration of a freely falling object is known as, acceleration due to gravity, g


=9.8 m/s2
7-Types of Forces

 Contact forces: Frictional force, Push or Pull ( applied force), Support


Force(normal force)

 Non - contact Forces: Gravitational Force; Electromagnetic Force,


Nuclear forces
8-Momentum

 It is the property of a moving body


 It measures how hard it is to stop a moving object

Momentum (p)= mass X velocity


p=mv

Unit - Kg.m/s
Sample Problem

 An aircraft of mass 3600 kg moves with a velocity of 85 m/s due east. What
is its momentum?

P= mv = 3600kg X 85 m/s = 3.06 X 105 kg.m/s east


Sample problem

 The magnitude of the momentum of an object is 64 kg.m/s. If the velocity of the object
is doubled , the magnitude of the momentum of the object will be
a) 32 Kg.m/s
b) 64 kg.m/s
c) 128 kg.m/s
d) 256 kg.m/s

Ans : P1 = mv = 64 kgm/s
P2 = m X 2v = 2 mv = 2 X 64 = 128 kgm/s
10-Types of Collisions
a) Elastic collision is the collision in which kinetic energy is conserved along with the
momentum. It Occurs when colliding objects rebound without the generation of heat or
lasting deformation.

Conservation of KE :
Net KE before collision = Net KE after the collision.

Conservation of momentum:
Net momentum before collision = Net momentum after the collision.
b) Inelastic collision

Inelastic collision is the collision in which KE is not conserved. A part of KE will be


lost as heat, sound etc
But here, momentum is conserved
 occurs when colliding objects result in deformation and/or the generation of
heat.

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