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Design of Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel that provides the benefits of both materials. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength, while steel has high tensile strength. Together they form a strong, durable structural material. Reinforced concrete is used widely in construction due to its advantages, including low cost, resistance to fire and water, rigidity, low maintenance needs, long service life, and ability to be formed into many shapes. It is a versatile material suitable for buildings, bridges, pavements and other structures.

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70 views1 page

Design of Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel that provides the benefits of both materials. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength, while steel has high tensile strength. Together they form a strong, durable structural material. Reinforced concrete is used widely in construction due to its advantages, including low cost, resistance to fire and water, rigidity, low maintenance needs, long service life, and ability to be formed into many shapes. It is a versatile material suitable for buildings, bridges, pavements and other structures.

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Anonymous GtcMxT
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© © All Rights Reserved
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McCormac c01.tex V2 - January 9, 2013 2:57 P.M.

Page 1

Introduction C H A PT E R 1

1.1 Concrete and Reinforced Concrete


Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates held together in a
rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water. Sometimes one or more admixtures are added
to change certain characteristics of the concrete such as its workability, durability, and time of
hardening.
As with most rocklike substances, concrete has a high compressive strength and a very
low tensile strength. Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the
steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcing is also
capable of resisting compression forces and is used in columns as well as in other situations,
which are described later.

1.2 Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a


Structural Material
Reinforced concrete may be the most important material available for construction. It is used
in one form or another for almost all structures, great or small—buildings, bridges, pavements,
dams, retaining walls, tunnels, drainage and irrigation facilities, tanks, and so on.
The tremendous success of this universal construction material can be understood quite
easily if its numerous advantages are considered. These include the following:

1. It has considerable compressive strength per unit cost compared with most other mate-
rials.
2. Reinforced concrete has great resistance to the actions of fire and water and, in fact, is
the best structural material available for situations where water is present. During fires
of average intensity, members with a satisfactory cover of concrete over the reinforcing
bars suffer only surface damage without failure.
3. Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.
4. It is a low-maintenance material.
5. As compared with other materials, it has a very long service life. Under proper conditions,
reinforced concrete structures can be used indefinitely without reduction of their load-
carrying abilities. This can be explained by the fact that the strength of concrete does
not decrease with time but actually increases over a very long period, measured in years,
because of the lengthy process of the solidification of the cement paste.
6. It is usually the only economical material available for footings, floor slabs, basement
walls, piers, and similar applications.
7. A special feature of concrete is its ability to be cast into an extraordinary variety of
shapes from simple slabs, beams, and columns to great arches and shells.

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