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Lec 3

1. The document discusses heat transfer through plane walls, cylindrical walls, and spherical walls using Fourier's law of heat conduction. 2. For a plane wall made of one material, the heat transfer rate is calculated using the temperature difference, thermal conductivity, wall thickness, and surface area. For composite walls made of multiple materials, simultaneous equations are set up and solved. 3. For radial heat transfer through cylindrical and spherical walls, the heat transfer rate equations take into account the changing surface area as radius changes. Examples are provided for single material and composite cylindrical walls.

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143 views4 pages

Lec 3

1. The document discusses heat transfer through plane walls, cylindrical walls, and spherical walls using Fourier's law of heat conduction. 2. For a plane wall made of one material, the heat transfer rate is calculated using the temperature difference, thermal conductivity, wall thickness, and surface area. For composite walls made of multiple materials, simultaneous equations are set up and solved. 3. For radial heat transfer through cylindrical and spherical walls, the heat transfer rate equations take into account the changing surface area as radius changes. Examples are provided for single material and composite cylindrical walls.

Uploaded by

Anonymous 2BJgxbxJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T.

Jarullah

Steady-State Conduction One Dimension


To examine the applications of Fourier’s law of heat conduction to calculation of heat flow in
some simple one-dimensional systems, we may take the following different cases:

1- The plane wall

A) One material

Using Fourier’s law


T1 q

dT q
q  kA by  
dx T2

T  T1
q   kA 2 x1 x2
x 2  x1 x

potential (Driving Force)


Flow 
Resistance

V
I
R

x
  ThermalResistance
kA

 When the thermal conductivity is considered constant


 When the thermal conductivity varies with temperature, the k can be described as

k0 and β are constants. The resultant equation for the heat flow is
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

B) More than one material (Composite wall)

T1
T2
T3

T4

The heat flow must be the same through all sections, therefore,

Solving these three equations simultaneously, the heat flow is written:

For series and parallel one-dimensional heat transfer through a composite wall and electrical
analog:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 ;    ;  ;  
R1 R A R 2 R B RC R D R3 R E R 4 R F RG
1 1 1 1 1
    
Rth R1 R 2 R3 R4
(Rth is the thermal resistances)

Generally, one-dimensional heat-flow equation for this type of problem may be written
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

2- Radial systems

A) Cylindrical

i- One material

Consider a long cylinder of inside radius ri, outside radius ro,


and length L. The inner side temperature is Ti, The outer side is T0,
when the heat flows only in a radial direction.
The area for heat flow in the cylindrical system is

Ar  2rL
So that Fourier's law is written

dT
qr  kAr
dr
or

dT
q r  2 krL
dr

r T
q 0 dr 0

2 kL ri r
   dT
Ti

The solution is

ii- Multi-Layer cylindrical wall


Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

For the system shown, the solution is:

B) Spherical

Spherical systems may also be treated as one-dimensional when the


temperature is a function of radius only. The heat flow is then

dT Ar  4 r 2
qr  kAr
dr
or
dT
q r  4k r 2
dr
r T
d 0 dr 0

4 k ri r 2
   dT
Ti

The thermal resistance in spherical system is:

1 1 1 
Rth    
4k  ri r0 

Example) An outside wall of a building consists of 0.1m layer of common brick [k=0.69
W/m.K] and 25mm layer of fiber glass [k=o.o5 W/m.K]. Calculate the heat flow with
through the wall for a 45°C temperature differences.

Solution

T Toverall
q 
 Rth xb  x f
kb A k f A
45
 q  69.78 W/m 2
0.1 0.025

0.69 0.05

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