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Earth Electrode Calculation

This document provides guidance on calculating earth pit requirements for a distribution transformer center (DTC). It discusses: 1. Installing two earth pits interconnected in a ring to earth the transformer neutral, switchgear, and station fence. 2. Providing a separate earth pit if outdoor load assets are present and interconnecting it with the transformer pits. 3. Sizing the earthing conductor based on short circuit current rather than the earth electrode. 4. Calculating earth resistance based on electrode type (pipe or plate), length buried, and number of electrodes using formulas from IS 3043 and ensuring the resistance is below specifications.

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Nanban Vky
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2K views3 pages

Earth Electrode Calculation

This document provides guidance on calculating earth pit requirements for a distribution transformer center (DTC). It discusses: 1. Installing two earth pits interconnected in a ring to earth the transformer neutral, switchgear, and station fence. 2. Providing a separate earth pit if outdoor load assets are present and interconnecting it with the transformer pits. 3. Sizing the earthing conductor based on short circuit current rather than the earth electrode. 4. Calculating earth resistance based on electrode type (pipe or plate), length buried, and number of electrodes using formulas from IS 3043 and ensuring the resistance is below specifications.

Uploaded by

Nanban Vky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earth pit calculation for DTC

Two earth pits for the transformer neutral. You can interconnect the pits to form a ring around the
transformer and connect the tank body, RMU earth bus, feeder piller earth bus fence around the
transformer station etc to the ring.

If you have outdoor LAs, provide a separate earth pit and interconnect with transformer neutral earth
pits. The earthing conductor from LA should be insulated from LA mounting structure.

Earthing conductor size depends on Short Circuit current but not the earth electrode.

What type of electrode are you using? Pipe electrode or plate electrode.

What is the earth resistance you have to achieve? Earth resistance depends on the length of earthing
conductor buried and no. of earth electrode.

If the calculated earth resistance is more than the specified value, then you have to increase the no. of
earth electrodes.

Ref.: Code of practice for earthing (IS 3043 gives calculations for earth resistance).

1. Calculate numbers of pipe earthing

A. Earthing resistance and number of rods for isolated earth pit

(without buried earthing strip)

The earth resistance of single rod or pipe electrode is calculated as per BS 7430:

R=ρ/2×3.14xL (loge (8xL/d)-1)

Where:

ρ = Resistivity of soil (Ω meter),

L = Length of electrode (meter),

D = Diameter of electrode (meter)

Example:

Calculate isolated earthing rod resistance. The earthing rod is 4 meter long and having 12.2mm
diameter, soil resistivity 500 Ω meter.

R=500/ (2×3.14×4) x (Loge (8×4/0.0125)-1) =156.19 Ω.

The earth resistance of single rod or pipe electrode is calculated as per IS 3040:

R=100xρ/2×3.14xL (loge(4xL/d))
Where:

ρ = Resistivity of soil (Ω meter),

L = Length of electrode (cm),

D = Diameter of electrode (cm)

Example:

Calculate number of CI earthing pipe of 100mm diameter, 3 meter length. System has fault current 50KA
for 1 sec and soil resistivity is 72.44 Ω-Meters.

Current Density At The Surface of Earth Electrode (As per IS 3043):

Max. allowable current density I = 7.57×1000/(√ρxt) A/m2

Max. allowable current density = 7.57×1000/(√72.44X1) = 889.419 A/m2

Surface area of one 100mm dia. 3 meter Pipe = 2 x 3.14 x r x L = 2 x 3.14 x 0.05 x3 = 0.942 m2

Max. current dissipated by one Earthing Pipe = Current Density x Surface area of electrode

Max. current dissipated by one earthing pipe = 889.419x 0.942 = 837.83 A say 838 Amps

Number of earthing pipe required = Fault Current / Max.current dissipated by one earthing pipe.

Number of earthing pipe required = 50000/838 = 59.66 Say 60 No’s.

Total number of earthing pipe required = 60 No’s.

Resistance of earthing pipe (isolated) R = 100xρ/2×3.14xLx(loge (4XL/d))

Resistance of earthing pipe (isolated) R = 100×72.44 /2×3.14x300x(loge (4X300/10)) = 7.99 Ω/Pipe

Overall resistance of 60 no of earthing pipe = 7.99/60 = 0.133 Ω.

B. Earthing resistance and number of rods for isolated earth pit

(with buried earthing strip)

Resistance of earth strip (R) As per IS 3043:

R=ρ/2×3.14xLx (loge (2xLxL/wt))

Example:

Calculate GI strip having width of 12mm , length of 2200 meter buried in ground at depth of 200mm, soil
resistivity is 72.44 Ω-meter.
Resistance of earth strip(Re) = 72.44/2×3.14x2200x(loge (2x2200x2200/.2x.012)) = 0.050 Ω

From above calculation overall resistance of 60 no of earthing pipes (Rp) = 0.133 Ω.

And it connected to bury earthing strip. Here net earthing resistance = (RpxRe)/(Rp+Re)

Net eatrthing resistance = (0.133×0.05)/(0.133+0.05) = 0.036 Ω

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