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Adgitm, New Delhi Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This document discusses obtaining a pole-zero plot of a transfer function using MATLAB. It provides theory on transfer functions and their representation using poles and zeros. The document gives an example of a second order transfer function and shows the pole-zero plot obtained from the MATLAB script. It lists precautions for properly viewing the plot and ends with questions about pole-zero analysis and its significance for system stability.

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Ashish Gupta
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86 views3 pages

Adgitm, New Delhi Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This document discusses obtaining a pole-zero plot of a transfer function using MATLAB. It provides theory on transfer functions and their representation using poles and zeros. The document gives an example of a second order transfer function and shows the pole-zero plot obtained from the MATLAB script. It lists precautions for properly viewing the plot and ends with questions about pole-zero analysis and its significance for system stability.

Uploaded by

Ashish Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADGITM, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment No: 5
Pole-Zero Plot

5.1 Objective 5.2 Apparatus required 5.3 Theory 5.4 Program 5.5 Result 5.6 Precautions 5.7
Discussion 5.8 Questions

5.1 OBJECTIVE:To obtain Pole-Zero plot of any transfer function using MATLAB.
5.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED: A PC with MATLAB software installed in it.

5.3 THEORY: The transfer function provides a basis for determining important system
response characteristics without solving the complete differential equation. As defined, the
transfer function is a rational function in the complex variable s = σ + jω, that is
𝑏𝑚 𝑠𝑚 +𝑏𝑚−1 𝑠𝑚−1 + …..+𝑏1 𝑠+𝑏0
𝐻(𝑠) = (1)
𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑛 +𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠𝑛−1 + …..+𝑎1 𝑠+𝑎0

It is often convenient to factor the polynomials in the numerator and denominator, and to
write the transfer function in terms of those factors:
𝑁(𝑠) 𝐾(𝑠 − 𝑧1 ) + (𝑠 − 𝑧2 )+. … . . +(𝑠 − 𝑧𝑚 )
𝐻(𝑠) = =
𝐷(𝑠) (𝑠 − 𝑝1 ) + (𝑠 − 𝑝2 )+. … . . +(𝑠 − 𝑝𝑛 )
Where the numerator and denominator polynomials, N(s) and D(s), have real coefficients
𝑏𝑚⁄
defined by the system’s differential equation and 𝐾 = 𝑎𝑛 . As written in Eq. (2) the zi’s
are the roots of the equation
N(s)=0, (3)
And are defined to be the system zeros, and the pi’s are the roots of the equation
D(s)=0, (4)
and are defined to be the system poles. In Eq. (2) the factors in the numerator and
denominator are written so that when s = zi the numerator N(s) = 0 and the transfer function
vanishes. Similarly, when s = pi the denominator polynomial D(s) = 0 and the value of the
transfer function becomes unbounded.
All of the coefficients of polynomials N(s) and D(s) are real, therefore the poles and zeros
must be either purely real, or appear in complex conjugate pairs. The existence of a single
complex pole without a corresponding conjugate pole would generate complex coefficients in
the polynomial D(s). Similarly, the system zeros are either real or appear in complex
conjugate pairs.

5.4 PROGRAM: Consider a 2nd order control system whose close loop transfer function is
given as

ASHISH GUPTA(00315607417) 1|P age


ADGITM, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

G(s) =

The pole zero plot of given system can be obtained as follows

Script: Pole-Zero plot

5.5 RESULT: The pole-zero plot of the given transfer function is obtained as given in below
figure.

ASHISH GUPTA(00315607417) 2|P age


ADGITM, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Fig. 1: Pole-Zero Plot

5.6 PRECAUTION:

1) Adjust the axis dimension to view the plot properly.


2) Adjust the size of pole zero symbols to proper size and color.
3) Edit the font size of axis labels for better view.
5.7 Discussion:

5.8QUESTIONS:

1) What is the significance of poles-zero analysis?


2) A linear system is described by the differential equation
d2y dt2 + 5dy dt + 6y = 2 du dt + 1. Find the system poles and zeros.
3) Explain the effect of zeros on stability of system?
4) Explain the effect of poles on stability of system?

ASHISH GUPTA(00315607417) 3|P age

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