SECTION 17– WELDING

DESIGN PROBLEMS

941. A joint welded with a coated rod is to support a steady load of 10 kips; the design
is to be for a 3/8-in weld. Compute the length of weld needed for (a) a reinforced
butt joint, Fig. 19-2, Text, (b) a lap joint, Fig. 19-3(a), (c) a T-joint, Fig. 19-3(b),
(d) fillet welds, parallel loaded, Fig. 19-3(d).

Solution:

(a) Reinforced butt joint, Fig. 19-2.

F = ηs t tL
From Table AT 30, using Jennings recommendation, st = 16 ksi
F = 10 kips
η = 0.90
3
t = in = 0.375 in
8
3
F = 10 = (0.90 )(16 )  L
8
L = 1.85 in

(b) Lap joint

F = 2ss Lb cos 45
Table AT 30, normal or transverse loading, ss = 16 ksi (Lincoln-Electric)
F = 10 kips
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
3
F = 10 = 2(16 )L  cos 45
8
L = 1.18 in

(c) T-joint

F = 2ss Lb cos 45
Table AT 30, all loading, ss = 14 ksi (Jennings recommendation)
F = 10 kips
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
3
F = 10 = 2(14 )L  cos 45
8

Page 1 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

L = 1.35 in

(d) Fillet welds, parallel load

F = 2ss Lb cos 45
Table AT 30, ss = 13.6 ksi (AWS Code)
F = 10 kips
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
3
F = 10 = 2(13.6 )L  cos 45
8
L = 1.39 in

943. The load F varies from 5 to 10 kips and the arrangement is such that the
location is given by m = 3 in and n = 7 in . It is desired that the weld lengths L1
and L2 be such that the line of action of F passes through the centroid G of the
weld metal, thereby avoiding eccentric loading. Determine (a) the ratio of L1 L2 ,
(b) the lengths L1 and L2 of 3/8 in. fillet welds made with E6010 rod, for
indefinite life. (c) The same as (b) except that the life expectancy is 105 cycles.

Problem 943

Solution:
F = 2ss Lb cos 45

F1 = 2 ss L1b cos 45
F2 = 2s s L2b cos 45

(a) Solving for the ratio of L1 L2

[∑ M G =0 ]

Page 2 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

F1m = F2 n
F1 n
=
F2 m
F1 L1 7
= =
F2 L2 3
L1 : L2 = 7 : 3

(b) Solving for the lengths

F1 + F2 = F
3F1 + 3F2 = 3F
7 F2 + 3F2 = 3F
F2 = 0.3F
F1 = 0.7 F

For indefinite life use nc = 2× 10 6

Table AT 30
7 .2
sd =
1 − 0 .5 R
5 kips
R= = 0.50
10 kips
7.2
sd = = 9.6 ksi
1 − 0.5(0.5)
F = 10 kips
F1 = 0.7(10 ) = 7 kips
F2 = 0.3(10) = 3 kips

F1 = 7 = 2(9.6)L1 (0.375) cos 45

L1 = 1.375 in
F2 = 3 = 2(9.6)L2 (0.375) cos 45
L2 = 0.589 in

(c) Solving for the lengths, 105 cycles

For indefinite life use nc = 105
Table AT 30
12.2
sd =
1 − 0 .5 R
12.5
sd = = 16.67 ksi
1 − 0.5(0.5)

Page 3 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

F1 = 7 = 2(16.67 )L1 (0.375) cos 45

L1 = 0.792 in
F2 = 3 = 2(16.67 )L2 (0.375) cos 45
L2 = 0.339 in

944. A bracket somewhat as shown is made of structural steel and supports a repeated
( R = 0 , nc = 2× 10 6 ) load of 2000 lb at a distance a = 10 in from the wall. What
should be the length L of a 3/8-in. fillet weld that resists the entire load? Adapt
the design shear stress from Table AT 30 (fillet weld).

Problem 944, 958

Solution:

Fa (L 2 )
st =
I
3
2tL
I=
12
FaL 3Fa
st = = 2
 2tL  tL
3
2 
 12 
t = b cos 45
1 1
 s  
2 2
 F  2  3Fa  2  2
τ =  ss2 +  t   =   + 2  
  2    2tL   2tL  
From Table AT 30, R = 0 , nc = 2× 10 6
7.2 7.2
τ= = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0)
F = 2000 lb = 2 kips
a = 10 in

Page 4 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

3
b= in
8
2 2
2  F   3Fa 
τ =  + 2 
 2tL   2tL 
2 2
 3(2)(10) 
(7.2) = 12 
2 2 

1
+ 4  2(0.375) cos 45 
L  2(0.375) cos 45  L  
14.22 12,800
51.84 = 2 +
L L4
51.84 L4 = 14.22 L2 + 12,800
51.84 L4 − 14.22 L2 − 12,800 = 0
L = 3.98 in
say L = 4 in

945. A bracket is to be fabricated from flat plates by bending and welding with a
shielded rod, E6010. A steady load F = 5000 lb , L = 18 in , h = 4 in , and
a = 6 in . (a) Take the design shear stress for a design factor N = 3.75 on the
ultimate shear strength, which may be estimated at 80% of su of rod, and find
the size of fillet weld ABCDA. Compare the design stress used with values in
Table AT 30. (b) Compute the thickness of the SAE 1020, rolled-steel plates of
all are the same (cantilever part).

Problem 945

Solution:

h
FL 
st = 2
I

Page 5 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

2
2th 3 2at 3 h
I= + + 2(at ) 
12 12 2
th 3 at 3 ath 2
I= + +
6 6 2
h = 4 in , a = 6 in , L = 18 in , F = 5 kips
t (4 ) 6t 3 (6 )t (4 )
3 2
I= + + = 58.67t + t 3
6 6 2
(5)(18) 4 
st = 2 = 180
3
58.67t + t 58.67t + t 3
F 5 0.25
ss = = =
2at + 2th 2(6)t + 2t (4) t

2
2 2 s 
τ = s + t 
s
2
s
(a) τ d = us
N
sus = 0.8su
su = 60 ksi for E6010
N = 3.75
τd =
(0.8)(60) = 12.8 ksi
3.75
2 2
 0.25   180 
τ 2 = (12.8)2 =   +  
(
 t   2 58.67t + t
3
) 
0.0625 8100
163.84 = +
t 2
(
58.67t + t 3
2
)
By trial and error method
t = 0.121399 in
t = b cos 45
0.121399 = b cos 45
b = 0.1717 in
3
use b = = 0.1875 in
16
Comparing the design stress, from Table AT 30
τ = 13.6 ksi (AISC Building Code)
τ = 13.6 ksi > 12.8 ksi

(b) Solving for the thickness of the SAE 1020, rolled-steel plates

Table 1.1, use N = 2 based on yield strength

Page 6 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Table AT 7, s y = 48 ksi
sy 48
sd = = = 24 ksi 6391
N 2
Mc
sd =
I
h 4
c = = = 2 in
2 2

I = 58.67t + t 3
M = FL = (5)(18) = 90 in − kips
Mc
sd =
I
24 ksi =
(90 in − kips )(2 in )
58.67t + t 3 in 4
58.67t + t 3 = 7.5
By trial and error method
t = 0.128 in
but t ≥ b
3
use t = in
16

946. A bracket is made with two 3/8-in. steel plates A welded with a coated electrode
to a vertical I-beam with fillet welds on both sides of the plate, as indicated. It
supports a steady vertical load F = 12 kips in a center position; a = 14 in ;
h = 8 in . What size and length of weld should be used? Is the stress at G the
maximum one? Justify your answer.

Problem 946 – 948

Page 7 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Solution:
a = 14 in
h = 8 in
F = 12 kips (steady load)

use weld size = 3/8 in = plate thickness = 0.375 in

τ B > τ G , therefore the stress at G is not the maximum one.

L L
   
cos θ =   = 2
2 L
=
ρ′ 1 L2 + h 2
L2 + h 2
2
By cosine law
1
τ = (ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ )2
1 2 1 2

F ′
 eρ
ss1 =  
2
Jc
L
e=a+
2

Page 8 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

2
2tL3  h  tL 1
3
Jc = + 2tL  = + tLh 2
12 2 6 2
F
 
s s2 =  
2
2tL

Substituting values
t = b cos 45 = (0.375) cos 45 = 0.2652 in
1 2 1 2 1 2
L + (8) =
2
ρ′ = L + h2 = L + 64
2 2 2
L
cos θ =
L2 + 64
e = 14 + 0.5 L
0.2652 L3 1
+ (0.2652)L(8) = 0.0442 L3 + 8.1984 L
2
Jc =
6 2
 12 
(
1 2
 (14 + 0.5L )  L + 64 ) (
33.94(28 + L ) L2 + 64 )
ss1 =   2
2
=
0.0442 L3 + 8.1984 L L3 + 185.484 L
F  12 
   
s s2 =  2
= 2 =
11.43
2tL 2(0.2652 )L L
2
( 2 2
τ = ss1 + ss2 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ)
From Table AT 30,
Use τ d = 14 ksi as recommended by Jennings
Solving this by trial and error method
τd >τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
8 0.7071 6.9260 1.429 8.00
7 0.6585 7.6930 1.633 8.85
5 0.5300 10.040 2.286 11.42
4 0.4472 12.053 2.858 13.57
3.5 0.4008 13.489 3.266 15.10
3.75 0.4244 12.723 3.048 14.28
3.875 0.4359 12.377 2.950 13.92

Use L = 3.875 in , τ = 13.92 ksi ≈ 14ksi

7
Or L = 3 in each weld
8

Page 9 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

947. The same as 946, except that the material is aluminum alloy, welded with
shielded 1100 wire, and the load is 5 kips. Let the design factor N = 3.4 for the
information in Table At 30; but consider other approaches, as available, to a
design stress.

Solution:
With F = 5 kips
5
(
1 2
 (14 + 0.5L )  L + 64 ) (
14.14(28 + L ) L2 + 64)
ss1 =   2
2
=
0.0442 L3 + 8.1984 L L3 + 185.484 L
F 5
   
s s2 =   = 2
2 4.714
=
2tL 2(0.2652 )L L
L
cos θ =
2
L + 64
( )
τ = ss1 + ss22 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ
2 2

From Table AT 30,

ultimate strength of aluminum alloy welded with 1100 wire, = 12.7 ksi.
12.7
τd = = 3.735 ksi
3 .4
Solving this by trial and error method
τd >τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
8 0.7071 2.886 0.589 3.326
7 0.6585 3.205 0.673 3.683
6.5 0.6306 3.397 0.725 3.895
6.75 0.6449 3.298 0.698 3.786
6.875 0.6518 3.251 0.686 3.735

Use L = 6.875 in , τ = 3.735 ksi = τ d

7
Or L = 6 in for each weld
8

948. (a) Two ¾-in plates A, arranged as shown, are to be welded with coated
electrodes, E6020; a = 12 in ; h = 4 in , and F repeats from 0 to 10 kips. Choose
a design stress from Table AT 30 for 2x106 cycles and specify the size and length
of weld. (b) The same as (a), except that the design is for 105 cycles. (c)
Demonstrate that the stress at G is or is not the maximum.

Page 10 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Problem 946 – 948

Solution:
This problem is the same as 946 except that
a = 12 in
h = 4 in
F = 0 to 10 kips
3
b = in = same as plate thickness
4
t = b cos 45 = (0.75) cos 45 = 0.53 in
L L L
cos θ = = =
2 2 2 2 2
L +h L +4 L + 16
F ′
 eρ
ss1 =  
2
Jc
L
e = a + = 12 + 0.5 L
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
L + (4 ) =
2
ρ′ = L + h2 = L + 16
2 2 2
0.53L3 1
+ (0.53)L(4) = 0.088L3 + 4.24 L
2
Jc =
6 2
F = 10 kips
 10 
(
1 2
 (12 + 0.5L )  L + 16 ) (
14.205(24 + L ) L2 + 16 )
ss1 =   2
2
=
0.088L3 + 4.24 L L3 + 48.18L
F  10 
   
s s2 =  2
=   =
2 4.714
2tL 2(0.53)L L
2
( 2 2
τ = ss1 + ss2 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ )
(a) From Table AT 30 , nc = 2× 10 6

Page 11 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

7 .2
τd = ksi
1 − 0 .5 R
0
R= =0
10
7.2
τd = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5(0)
Solving for length by trial and error method
τd >τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
8 0.8944 4.530 0.590 5.06
7 0.8682 5.219 0.674 5.81
6 0.8321 6.084 0.786 6.87
5.5 0.8087 6.607 0.858 7.32
5.625 0.8150 6.469 0.839 7.17

Use L = 5.625 in , τ = 7.17 ksi ≈ τ d

5
Or L = 5 in for each weld
8
(b) From Table AT 30, nc = 105
12.5
τd = ksi
1 − 0 .5 R
0
R= =0
10
12.5
τd = = 12.5 ksi
1 − 0.5(0)
Solving for length by trial and error method
τd >τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
4 0.7071 8.764 1.179 9.634
3 0.6000 11.179 1.573 12.188

Use L = 3 in , τ = 12.188 ksi ≈ τ d

Or L = 3 in for each weld

(c) Demonstrating that the stress at G is or is not the maximum

Page 12 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

From the figure τ G is not the maximum.

949. One arm of a bracket that is to support a steady load of F = 18 kips without
twisting is welded with an E6010 rod, as shown. The plate is 10 in. ( ≈ L2 ) deep.
Assume a value of L1 (not less than 5 in.) and compute the size of fillet weld. By
sketching vectors (only), compare the stress at C with that of B.

Problems 949-951

Solution:
Use L1 = 5 in , L2 = 10 in
F = 18 kips

Solving for the center G.

(L1 + L1 + L2 )x = 2 L1  L1 

  2 

Page 13 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

x=
L12
=
(5) = 1.25 in
2

2 L1 + L2 2(5) + 10

e = 11.25 in − 1.25 in = 10 in
at B, where τ is maximum

Feρ1
ss1 =
Jc
For J c :

r12 = (2.5 − 1.25) + (5)

2 2

r1 = 5.154 in
r2 = 1.25 in
2t (5) t (10 )
3 3
2tL13 tL32
+ t (10 )(1.25) + 2t (5)(5.154 ) = 385.43t
2 2
Jc = + + tL2 r22 + 2tL1r12 = +
12 12 12 12
ρ1 = (5) + (5 − 1.25)
2 2 2

ρ1 = 6.25 in
ss1 =
(18)(10)(6.25) = 2.92
385.43t t

Page 14 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

F 18 0 .9
s s2 = = =
2tL1 + tL2 2t (5) + t (10 ) t
L − x 5 − 1.25
cos θ1 = 1 = = 0.60
ρ1 6.25
τ B2 = τ 2 = ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ1
1 2 1 2

2 2
 2.92   0.90   2.92  0.90 
τ2 =  +  + 2  (0.6 )
 t   t   t  t 
3.534
τ=
t
From Table AT 30, steady load, use code
τ = 13.6 ksi

3.534
τ = 13.6 =
t
t = 0.26 in
t = b cos 45
0.26 = b cos 45
b = 0.368 in
3
Therefore use size of fillet weld = b = 0.375 in = in
8

Comparing stress at C with that of B.

Stress at B

Stress at C

τ B > τ C , ρ1 > ρ 2 , ss′ > ss

1 1

950. The same as 949, except that F makes a 30o angle with the vertical as indicated
by the dotted line in the figure. Consider all computed stress to be shear.

Solution:

Page 15 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

L1 = 5 in
L2 = 10 in
F = 18 kips

T = (F cos 30)e − (F sin 30)(3)

e = 10 in as in 949.
T = (18 cos 30)(10) − (18 sin 30)(3) = 128.89 in − kips
As in 949,
Tρ
ss1 = 1
Jc
ρ1 = 6.25 in
ss1 =
(128.89)(6.25) = 2.09
385.43t t
0 .9
s s2 = (from 949)
t
at B

cos θ1 = 0.60 from 949.

θ1 = 53.13
α = 90 − 30 − 53.13 = 6.87 o
τ B2 = τ 2 = ss21 + ss22 + 2ss1 ss2 cos α
2 2
2  2.09   0.90   2.09  0.90 
τ =  +  + 2   cos 6.87
 t   t   t  t 
2.986
τ=
t
but τ = 13.6 ksi as in 949

Page 16 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

2.986
τ = 13.6 =
t
t = 0.22 in
t = b cos 45
0.22 = b cos 45
b = 0.311 in
5
Therefore use size of fillet weld = b = 0.3125 in = in
16

Comparing stress at C with that of B.

Stress at B

Stress at C

τ B >τC

951. The same as 949, except that the load varies from 4 to 18 kips; expected life, 2 x
106 cycles. Solve (a) by using a design stress from Table AT 30 for the given
value of R , and (b) by using a design stress for R = −1 , and the Soderberg
criterion.

Solution: same as 949, but

F = 4 to 18 kips
F = 18 kips (is the same as in 949)
3.534
then τ =
t

(a) Table AT 30, nc = 2 × 10 6 cycles

4
R = = 0.222
18
7.2 7.2
τd = = = 8.1 ksi
1 − 0.5 R 1 − 0.5(0.222 )

Page 17 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

3.534
τ =τd =
t
3.534
8 .1 =
t
t = 0.4363 in
t = b cos 45
0.4363 = b cos 45
b = 0.617 in
5
say in fillet weld.
8

(b) Using a design stress for R = −1 and the Soderberg criterion, nc = 2 × 10 6 cycles
1 sm K f sa
= +
N sy sn
For R = −1
sm = 0
sa = τ d
s
τd = n
KfN
Table 19.1, sn = 11.7 ksi ,
i4.20, use N = 1.4
assume K f = 1.67
11.7
τd = = 5.0 ksi
(1.4)(1.67 )
3.534
τ =τd = 5 =
t
t = 0.7068 in
t = b cos 45
0.7068 = b cos 45
b = 0.9996 in
say b = 1 − in fillet weld.

952. A steel plate, welded to a column as shown with E6010 rod, is to support a steady
load of F = 5 kips , applied so as to produce no twisting of the plate; m = 24 in ,
n = 18 in ; the initial design is for a 3/8-in. fillet weld. Compute L . Demonstrate
by sketches which stress ss A or ssB is the larger.

Page 18 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Problems 952-954, 959

Solution:
F = 5 kips
m = 24 in
n = 18 in
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
t = b cos 45 = (0.375) cos 45 = 0.2652 in

maximum τ = ssA > ssD

1
ρ= (m − n )2 + L2
2
L
cos θ =
(m − n )2 + L2
τ 2 = ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ
1 2 1 2

1 1 2
ρ= (24 − 18)2 + L2 = L + 36
2 2

Page 19 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

L
cos θ =
L2 + 36
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc
F = 5 kips (steady load)
1 1 1
e = n + (m − n ) = (m + n ) = (24 + 18) = 21 in
2 2 2
2
2tL3 m−n
Jc = + 2tL 
12  2 
2
2(0.2652 )L3  24 − 18 
Jc = + 2(0.2652 )L 
12  2 
J c = 0.0884 L3 + 4.774 L

(5)(21) 1  L2 + 36
 2 594 L2 + 36
ss1 = =
0.0884 L3 + 4.774 L L3 + 54 L
F 5 9.427
s s2 = = =
2tL 2(0.2652 )L L
From Table AT 30, use AISC Building Code
τ d = 13.6 ksi

Solving for L by trial and error method.

τd ≥τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
6 0.7071 9.334 1.571 10.50
5 0.6402 11.745 1.885 13.03
4.875 0.6306 12.113 1.934 13.42
4.75 0.6207 12.500 1.985 13.82

7
∴ use L = 4 in = 4.875 in , τ d ≥ τ
8

953. A steel plate, welded as shown with E6010 rod, is to support a load that varies
from –5 to 5 kips, without twisting; m = 14 in , n = 8 in ; the initial design is for a
3/8-in. fillet weld; indefinite life. Compute L .

Solution:
The same as 952, except
m = 14 in
n = 8 in
F = −5 to 5 kips

Page 20 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

3
b= in fillet weld
8
t = b cos 45
t = (0.375) cos 45 = 0.2652 in
F = 5 kips
Then;
1
ρ= (m − n )2 + L2
2
1
ρ= (14 − 8)2 + L2 = 1 L2 + 36
2 2
L
cos θ =
(m − n )2 + L2
L
cos θ =
L2 + 36
1 1 1
e = n + (m − n ) = (m + n ) = (14 + 8) = 11 in
2 2 2
2
2tL3 m−n
Jc = + 2tL 
12  2 
2
2(0.2652 )L3  14 − 8 
Jc = + 2(0.2652 )L 
12  2 
J c = 0.0884 L3 + 4.774 L
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc

(5)(11) 1  L2 + 36
2 311 L2 + 36
ss1 = =
0.0884 L3 + 4.774 L L3 + 54 L
F 5 9.427
s s2 = = =
2tL 2(0.2652 )L L
2 2 2
τ = ss1 + ss2 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ
From Table AT 30, indefinite life ( nc = 2 × 10 6 )
7 .2
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
−5
R= = −1
5
7.2
τd = = 4.8 ksi
1 − 0.5(− 1)
Solving for L by trial and error method.
τd ≥τ

Page 21 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi

6 0.7071 4.887 1.571 6.10
7 0.7593 3.977 1.347 5.01
8 0.8000 3.295 1.178 4.30
7.5 0.7809 3.613 1.257 4.66
7.75 0.7907 3.448 1.216 4.47
7.25 0.7704 3.788 1.300 4.86
7.375 0.7757 3.699 1.278 4.76

3
∴ use L = 7 in = 7.375 in , τ = 4.76 ≈ τ d
8
3
or L = 7 in for each weld.
8

954. The same as 953, except that F varies from 0 to 5 kips with a life expectancy of
105 cycles.

Solution:
Same as 953, but
F = 0 to 5 kips
nc = 105
From table AT 30, nc = 105
12.5
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
0
R= =0
5
12.5
τd = = 12.5 ksi
1 − 0.5(0)
L
cos θ =
L2 + 36
311 L2 + 36
ss1 =
L3 + 54 L
9.427
s s2 =
L
τ = ss1 + ss22 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ
2 2

Solving by trial and error method.

τd ≥τ
L, in cos θ ss1 , ksi ss2 , ksi τ , ksi
3 0.4472 11.038 3.142 12.76
3.5 0.5039 9.317 2.694 10.93
3.125 0.4619 10.558 3.017 12.25

Page 22 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

∴ use L = 3.125 in , τ = 12.25 ≈ τ d

1
or L = 3 in for each weld.
8

955. An arm for a machine is to be fabricated by welding, coated welding rod. See
figure. The left end is a hollow cylinder with Do = 3 in , and it is keyed to a 2-in.
shaft; L = 14 in , steady load F = 600 lb . The arm material is SAE 1020, rolled-
steel plate, ½-in. thick. Compute (a) the depth h of the arm at the hub, and (b) the
size of the weld.

Problem 955

Solution:

(a) Solving for the length or depth h

For SAE 1020, rolled-steel plate,
s y = 48 ksi (Table AT 7)
N = 2 (Table 1.1)
48
sd = = 24 ksi
2
h
Fe  
s=  
2
I
1
e ≈ L − (Do + Ds )
2
Do = 3 in
Ds = 2 in
L = 14 in
1
e = 14 − (3 + 2 ) = 11.5 in
2
3
th
I=
12
1
t = in = 0.5 in
2

Page 23 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

0.5h 3
I=
12
F = 600 lb steady

(600)(11.5) h 
s=  2  = 82,800
 0.5h 
3
h2
 
 12 
h = 1.857 in
7
say h = 1 in
8

(b) Solving for the size of weld

t = b cos 45

h
Fe 
st =  
2
I
3
2th
I=
12
h
Fe 
st =  3  = 2
2 3Fe
 2th  th
 
 12 
3(0.6 )(11.5) 5.888
st = =
t (1.875)
2
t
F 0.6 0.16
st = = =
2th 2t (1.875) t
1
 s  
2 2

τ =  ss2 +  t  
  2  
From Table AT 30, use Jennings recommendations, τ = 14 ksi
1
 0.16  2  5.888  2  2
τ = 14 =   +  
 t   2t  
t = 0.2106 in
0.2106 = b cos 45

Page 24 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

b = 0.2978 in
5
say b = in fillet weld.
16

956. A pair of gusset plates, 3/8-in. thick, are to be welded with E6010 electrodes, as
shown. The load F on the plates varies from 0 to 10 kips (no twisting of plates).
For the first approximation, assume that BC = AD = L = 5 in and compute the
size of weld. With free hand sketches, compare the resultant stress at each corner
A, B, C, and D.

Problems 956, 957

Solution:

ρ1 = (2)2 + (6)2 = 6.325 in

Page 25 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

ρ2 = (2)2 + (9)2 = 9.220 in

F
s s2 =
2tL
F = 0 to 10kips
F = 10 kips
L = 5 in
10 1
s s2 = =
2t (5) t
τC =τD ; τ A =τB
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc
e = 6 + 2 = 8 in
2 2
2t (5)
3
2tL3  3  3
Jc = + 2tL 6 +  = + 2t (5) 6 +  = 583.3t
12  2 12  2
at D

2 2
cos θ1 = = = 0.3162
ρ1 6.325
Feρ (10 )(8)(6.325) 0.8675
ss1D = = =
Jc 583.3t t
1
τ D = (ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ1 )2
1D 2 1D 2
1
 0.8675  2  1  2  0.8675  1   2 1.5170
τ D =   +   + 2  (0.3162) =
 t   t   t  t   t

at A

2 2
cos θ 2 = =
ρ2 9.220
θ 2 = 77.47 o
α = 180 − 77.47 = 102.53o

Page 26 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Feρ (10 )(8)(9.220 ) 1.2645

ss1 A = = =
Jc 583.3t t
1
τ A = (ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos α )2
1A 2 1A 2
1
 1.2645  2  1  2  1.2645  1   2 1.4319
τ A =   +   + 2   cos 102.53 =
 t   t   t  t   t

1.5170
τ max = τ D =
t
From Table AT 30, assume nc = 2 × 10 6 .
7 .2
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
0
R= =0
10
7.2
τd = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5(0)
1.5170
τ = 7 .2 =
t
t = 0.2107 in
t = b cos 45
0.2107 = b cos 45
b = 0.2980 in
5
say b = in for each weld.
16

CHECK PROBLEMS

957. A 3/8-in. gusset plate is welded with an E6010 electrode; ¼-in. fillet weld, as
shown. The loading does not twist the plate and the force varies from 0.2 F to
F . For a life expectancy of 105 cycles, what is a safe F ? Make clear how you
decide upon the point of maximum stress.

Solution:
Same as 956, except that F is unknown and varies from 0.2 F to F , nc = 105 cycles.

Stress vector is the same as shown in 956, τ D = τ C is maximum.

At D (prob. 956)
ρ1 = 6.325 in
F
s s2 =
2tL

Page 27 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

t = b cos 45
b = 0.25 in
t = (0.25) cos 45 = 0.1768 in
L = 5 in
F
s s2 = = 0.5656 F
2(0.1768)(5)
Feρ1
ss1 =
Jc
e = 6 + 2 = 8 in
ρ1 = 6.325 in
2 2
2(0.1768)(5)
3
2tL3  3  3
Jc = + 2tL 6 +  = + 2(0.1768)(5) 6 +  = 23.573 in 4
12  2 12  2
Feρ1 F (8)(6.325)
ss1 = = = 2.1465 F
Jc 23.573
τ 2 = ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ
1 2 1 2

cos θ = 0.3162 (prob. 956)

From Table AT 30, nc = 105 cycles.
12.5
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
0 .2 F
R= = 0 .2
F
12.5
τd = = 13.89 ksi
1 − 0.5(0.2)
τ 2 = ss21 + ss22 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ
(13.89)2 = (2.1465 F )2 + (0.5656 F )2 + 2(2.1465F )(0.5656 F )(0.3162)
F = 5.82 kips

958. A bracket of the type shown (944) is to support a load of F = 6 kips ; a = 8 in ,

L = 5 in , weld size is 3/8-in. (a) Determine the stress in the weld. Is this safe
value for a steady load? (b) If the welding is shielded and the load varies with
R = 0 , is the weld safe for 2 × 10 6 cycles? For 105 cycles? For Q & T alloy and
2 × 10 6 cycles?

Solution:

Page 28 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

F = 6 kips
a = 8 in
L = 5 in
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
t = b cos 45 = (0.375) cos 45 = 0.2652 in
F 6
ss = = = 2.3 ksi
2tL 2(0.2652)(5)
L
Fa 
3(6)(8)
st =  3  = 2 =
2 3Fa
= 21.7 ksi
 2tL  tL
 
(0.2652)(5)
2

 12 
1
 2  st  2  2
τ =  ss +   
  2  
1
  21.7   2
2

τ = (2.3) + 
2
  = 11.1 ksi
  2  

(a) Steady load, Table AT 30, AISC Building Code

τ d = 13.6 ksi
Since τ d > 11.1 ksi ∴ a safe value

(b) Table AT 30, nc = 2 × 10 6 , R = 0

7.2 7.2
τd = = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0)

Page 29 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Since τ d < 11.1 ksi ∴ not a safe value

Table AT 30, nc = 105 , R = 0
12.5 12.5
τd = = = 12.5 ksi
1 − 0.5 R 1 − 0.5(0 )
Since τ d > 11.1 ksi ∴ a safe value
Table AT 30, nc = 2 × 10 6 ,Q & T alloy, R = 0
9 9
τd = = = 9 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0)
Since τ d < 11.1 ksi ∴ not a safe value

959. The 1-in. plate shown (952) is attached with ½-in fillet welds, laid with E6010
rods; L = 4 in , m = 15 in , n = 9 in . What maximum load may be carried if it is
(a) static, (b) varies from 0.5 F to F for 2 × 10 6 cycles and for 105 cycles, (c)
R = 0 , indefinite life. (d) Considering strengths given in Table 19.1, Text,
determine the design factor for parts (b) and (c).

Solution:

1
Same as 952, except that m = 15 in , n = 9 in , b = in , L = 4 in
2
t = b cos 45 = (0.5) cos 45 = 0.3536 in
τ 2 = ss21 + ss22 + 2ss1 ss2 cos θ
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc
1
e= (m + n ) = 1 (15 + 9) = 12 in
2 2
1
ρ= (m − n )2 + L2 = 1 (15 − 9)2 + (4)2 = 3.606 in
2 2
2 2
2(0.3536 )(4 )
3
2tL3 m−n  15 − 9 
Jc = + 2tL  = + 2(0.3536 )(4 )  = 29.23 in
4

12  2  12  2 

Feρ F (12 )(3.606 )

ss1 = = = 1.4804 F
Jc 29.23

Page 30 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

F F
s s2 = = = 0.3535F
2tL 2(0.3536)(4)
L 4
cos θ = = = 0.5547
(m − n ) + L
2 2
(15 − 9)2 + 42
1
τ = (ss2 + ss2 + 2ss ss cos θ )2
1 2 1 2

1
[ ]
τ = (1.4804 F )2 + (0.3535F )2 + 2(1.4804 F )(0.3535 F )(0.5547 ) 2 = 1.7021F

(a) Table AT 30, static, AISC Building Code

τ d = 13.6 ksi

τ = 13.6 = 1.7021F
F = 7.99 kips

(b) Table AT 30, static, nc = 2 × 10 6 cycles

7 .2
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
0 .5 F
R= = 0 .5
F
7.2
τd = = 9.6 ksi
1 − 0.5(0.5)
τ = 9.6 = 1.7021F
F = 5.64 kips

Table AT 30, static, nc = 105 cycles

12.5
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
0 .5 F
R= = 0 .5
F
12.5
τd = = 16.67 ksi
1 − 0.5(0.5)
τ = 16.67 = 1.7021F
F = 9.79 kips

(c) Table AT 30, R = 0 , indefinite life, nc = 2 × 10 6 cycles

7 .2
τd =
1 − 0 .5 R
7.2
τd = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5(0)

Page 31 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

τ = 7.2 = 1.7021F
F = 4.23 kips

(d) Design factors

nc = 2 × 10 6 cycles
R = 0 .5
τ = 9.6 ksi
Table 19-1, sn = 40.1 ksi
s 40.1
N= n = = 4 .2
τ 9 .6

nc = 105 cycles
R = 0 .5
τ = 16.67 ksi
Table 19-1, sn = 46.1 ksi
s 46.1
N= n = = 2 .8
τ 16.67

Indefinite life ( nc = 2 × 10 6 ), R = 0
τ = 7.2 ksi
Table 19-1, sn = 18.1 ksi
s 18.1
N= n = = 2 .5
τ 7 .2

960. The plate for a bracket, as shown must be welded to a member in the manner
shown; 5/16-in. welds with shielded arc. Compute the safe load for this plate (no
twisting) (a) for static loading, (b) for R = 0 and indefinite life, (c) for R = −1
and indefinite life, (d) for R = 0.2 indefinite life.

Problem 960

Page 32 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Solution:

For x
(3 + 6)x = (3) 3  + (6) 6 
2 2
x = 2.5 in

5
b= in = 0.3125 in
16
t = b cos 45 = (0.3125) cos 45 = 0.2210 in
F F
s s2 = = = 0.503F
t (3 + 6) (0.2210)(9)
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc
e = 10 − 2.5 = 7.5 in
2
6
ρ =   + (6 − 2.5)2 = 4.61 in
2
Solving for J c ;

2 2
6 3 
r1 =   +  − 2.5  = 3.1623 in
2 2 

Page 33 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

2 2
6 6 
r2 =   +  − 2.5  = 3.0414 in
2 2 
t (3) t (6 )
3 3
Jc = + 3tr12 + + 6tr22
12 12

Jc =
( 0.221)(3)
3
+ 3(0.221)(3.1623) +
2 (0.221)(6 )
3
+ 6(0.221)(3.0414 ) = 23.37 in 4
2

12 12
F (7.5)(4.61)
ss1 = = 1.4795 F
23.37
ss2 = 0.503F
6 − 2.5 6 − 2.5
cos θ = = = 0.7592
ρ 4.61
1
[ 2 2
]
τ = (1.4795F ) + (0.503F ) + 2(1.4795F )(0.503F )(0.7592) = 1.890 F
2

(a) For static loading, Table AT 30, AISC Building Code

τ d = 13.6 ksi
τ = 13.6 = 1.890 F
F = 7.20 kips
(b) For R = 0 and indefinite life, ( ≈ nc = 2× 10 6 )

7.2 7.2
τd = = = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0)
τ = 7.2 = 1.890 F
F = 3.8 kips

(c) For R = −1 and indefinite life

7.2 7.2
τd = = = 4.8 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(− 1)
τ = 4.8 = 1.890 F
F = 2.5 kips

(d) For R = 0.2 and indefinite life

7.2 7.2
τd = = = 8.0 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0.2)
τ = 8.0 = 1.890 F
F = 4.2 kips

Page 34 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

961. A 2-in. round bar is welded to a vertical wall by a 3/8-in. fillet weld as shown in
Fig. 19.8, Text. The bar supports a vertical load of 800 lb at a distance of 10 in.
from the wall. What is the maximum computed stress in the weld? Would this
result be safe for a varying load with R = 0 , shielded weld?

Solution:
Fig. 19.8, Text, with additional

3
b= in = 0.375 in
8
D = 2 in
F = 800 lb
e = 10 in
5.66 M 5.66 Fe 5.66(800 )(10 )
st = = = = 9609 psi = 9.609 ksi
π bD 2 π bD 2 π (0.375)(2)2
F F 800
ss = = = = 480 psi = 0.48 ksi
π Dt π Db cos 45 π (2)(0.375) cos 45
1
 s  
2 2

τ =  ss2 +  t  
  2  
1
  9.609  
2 2

τ = (0.48)2 +    = 4.83 ksi

  2  
Table AT 30, R = 0
Assume nc = 2× 10 6 cycles
7 .2
τd = = 7.2 > 4.83 ksi
1 − 0 .5 R
∴ safe for a varying load, nc = 2× 10 6 cycles.

962. The 14-in. structural-steel disk is welded to the plate by a 7/16-in. fillet weld,
360o, shielded arc. The force F acts on a pin attached to the disk. The pin is
short enough that the moment arm to the disk is negligible. Determine a safe
force F for (a) static loading, (b) reversed loading, indefinite life, (c) a varying
load from 0.3F to F indefinite life.

Page 35 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Problem 962
Solution:

7
b= in
16
7
t = b cos 45 =   cos 45 = 0.3094 in
 16 
D = 14 in
Feρ
ss1 =
Jc
e = 6 sin 60
ρ = 14 in
1
J c = 2π r 3t = π D 3t
4
F (6 sin 60 )(14 )
ss1 = = 0.1091F
1
π (14)3 (0.3094)
4
F F
sss = = = 0.0735 F
π Dt π (14)(0.3094)
τ = ss1 + s s2 = 0.1091F + 0.0735F = 0.1826 F

(a) Static loading, Table AT 30, AISC Building Code

τ = 13.6 ksi
τ = 13.6 = 0.1826 F
F = 74.48 kips

(b) Reversed loading, indefinite life, Table AT 30

τ = 5 ksi (Jenning recommendation)
τ = 5 = 0.1826 F
F = 27.38 kips

(c) Varying load, R = 0.3 , indefinite life, Table AT30, nc ≈ 2× 10 6 cycles.

Page 36 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

7.2 7.2
τd = = = 8.47 ksi
1 − 0.5 R 1 − 0.5(0.3)
τ = 8.47 = 0.1826 F
F = 46.38 kips

963. A bracket is fabricated from ½-in., AISI-1020 rolled plate with 3/8-in. fillet
welds on both sides of the plates G, H, and J as shown. The welds are made with
E6016 welding rod; a central load at L = 30 in ; h = 11 in . Determine the repeated
load that the welding can support.

Problem 963.

Solution:
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
t = b cos 45 = 0.375 cos 45 = 0.2652 in
L = 30 in
h = 11 in

F F F
ss = = = = 0.13966 F
 1 27t 27(0.2652 )
2t (2 ) + 2t (11 − 1) + 2t  2 − 
 2
h
FL 
st = 2
I

Page 37 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

t = 0.2652 in
 1
2 2 − (0.2652)
3
2 2
2(2)(0.2652 )
3
 11   1  11 − 1 
+ 2(2)(0.2652)  + 
2
I= + 2 2 − (0.2652) 
12 2 12  2  2 
2(0.2652)(11 − 1)
3
+ = 96.2 in 4
12
 11 
F (30) 
st =  2  = 1.715F
96.2
From Table AT 30, using Jennings recommendation, τ = 14 ksi and assume a strength
reduction factor = 1.4
14
τ= = 10 ksi
1 .4
1
 s  
2 2

τ =  ss2 +  t  
  2  
1
  1.715F   2
2

10 = (0.13966 F ) + 
2
 
  2  
F = 11.51 kips

964. The bracket shown is made of ½-in. AISI-C1020 rolled plates. The 3/8-in. fillet
welds are on both sides of each plate A and B, E7010 welding rod. The entire
bracket is normalized after welding; L = 12 in , a = 8 in , and h = 8 in . What is
the safe maximum load if it is (a) static, (b) varies from 0.5 F to F for 2× 10 6
cycles and for 105 cycles, (c) R = 0 , indefinite life. (d) Considering the strengths
given in Table 19.1, Text, determine the design factor for part (b) and (c).

Problem 964
Solution:
3
b = in = 0.375 in
8
t = b cos 45 = 0.375 cos 45 = 0.2652 in
L = 12 in

Page 38 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

h = 8 in
a = 8 in

 1  
 8 − 
  1  1  1  2  1
8 + (8 − 1) + 4 8 −  y = 8  + 4 8 −   + 
  2  2  2  2 2
 
y = 2.922 in
2
(0.2652 ) (8)
3
+ (0.2652 )(8)(2.922 ) +
2 (0.2652 ) (8 − 1)
3

+ (0.2652 )(8 − 1) 2.922 −
1
IG =  
12 12  2
3 2
 1   1 
4(0.2652 ) 8 −   8 − 
 2 1 
 + 4(0.2652 ) 8 −  (8 − 2.922 ) −  2
+   
12  2   2 
 
  
4
I = 80.3524 in
 1
A = 8(0.2652 ) + (8 − 1)(0.2652 ) + 4 8 − (0.2652 ) = 11.934 in 2
 2

F F
ss = = = 0.0838 F
A 11.934
FLc
st =
I
c = 8 − 2.922 = 5.078 in

Page 39 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

FLc F (12 )(5.078)

st = = = 0.7584 F
I 80.3524
1
 2  st  2  2
τ =  ss +   
  2  
1
  0.7584 F  
2 2

τ = (0.0838F ) + 
2
  = 0.3884 F
  2  

(a) Static loading, Table AT 30, AISC Building Code

τ = 13.6 ksi
τ = 13.6 = 0.3884 F
F = 35 kips

(b) Variable, R = 0.5

For nc = 2× 10 6 cycles (Table AT 30)

7.2 7.2
τ= = = 9.6 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0.5)
τ = 9.6 = 0.3884 F
F = 24.7 kips

For nc = 105 cycles (Table AT 30)

12.5 12.5
τ= = = 16.67 ksi
1 − 0.5R 1 − 0.5(0.5)
τ = 16.67 = 0.3884 F
F = 42.9 kips

(c) R = 0 , indefinite life (Table AT 30)

7 .2
τ= = 7.2 ksi
1 − 0 .5 R
τ = 7.2 = 0.3884 F
F = 18.5 kips

(d) From Table 19.1

sn = 40.1 ksi , R = 0.5 , nc = 2× 10 6

sn = 46.1 ksi , R = 0.5 , nc = 105
sn = 18.1 ksi , R = 0 , nc ≈ 2× 10 6 (indefinite life)

Page 40 of 41
 SECTION 17– WELDING

Design Factor, N
R = 0.5 , nc = 2× 10 6
40.1
N= = 4 .2
9 .6

R = 0.5 , nc = 105
46.1
N= = 2 .8
16.67

R = 0 , nc ≈ 2× 10 6 (indefinite life)
18.1
N= = 2 .5
7 .2

- end -

Page 41 of 41