DISSERTATION

TOPIC: SUBURBAN ARCHITECTURE

1.1 AIM
In recent years, with increasing migration to cities and rising population has led to the renewed
‘densification’ of city, The relentless spread of cities has been constrained to a certain extent by the
creation of suburbs between urban and rural land, by separating urban and suburb areas and creating
open spaces to avoid compact and congested planning and spaces.
Suburbs helps middle classes, and people who wanted to move away from crowded, noisy urban centers
to safer, quieter ‘leafy suburbs’ where there was more space for them and their family, better schools,
the possibility of having a garden, and so on.

1.2 OBJECTIVES
Suburb regions are designed for following purposes,
 Providing less traffic problem and quieter life.
 Less pollution and crowds.
 Removal of slums.
 Providing people with proper housing facilities or accommodation along with the basic
infrastructure like electricity and water supply.
 Organization and improvement in the means of transport and communication.
 Setting apart space for industries, parks and public places including burial sites.
 Making arrangements for recreation both for children and for older people.
 Arranging for sanitation and cleanliness of the town and its adjoining areas.
 Allocating space for marketing centres, shops, and so on.
 Arranging for education, health and medical services.

1.2.1 CHARACTERISTICS
CORE CITIES
An urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied
together by a beltway or ring road
The mismatch between the supply and demand of land leads to the degradation of environmentally
fragile land, occupation of hazard-prone areas, and loss of cultural resources, open space and prime
agricultural land.
Within the existing built-up areas of cities, uncontrolled growth of population and inadequate
infrastructure may cause irre-versible losses of cultural resources and open space.
Poorly managed development may also cause excessive urban sprawl and negative impact on air quality,
energy consumption and aesthetic quality.
The conversion of prime agricultural land to urban use may increase the costs for locating, storing and
purchasing food.

SUBURBS
In a suburb, there are many residential properties spread out over a large area. This makes it possible for
people who live in suburbs to have a single-family home and often a piece of property or land that sets
that home apart from neighbors.
Suburbs are less crowded than urban areas, and the cost of living is typically lower.
Common urban problems, like traffic, noise, excessive pollution and crowds, are mostly absent from
suburbs.
Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and
road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.
In general, they have lower population densities than inner city neighborhoods within a metropolitan
area, and most residents commute to central cities or other business districts; however, there are many
exceptions, including industrial suburbs, planned communities, and satellite cities. Suburbs tend to
proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.
Suburbs lack inner-city problems, but have to deal with sprawl and segregation.
Residents are separated from commercial and manufacturing activities that are confined to compact,
distinct areas
Housing in a given suburban community is usually built for people of a single social class
Zoning ordinances: a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in
a community

1.3 VISION
Despite talk of the city becoming millennials desired place to live, it’s far too early to count the suburbs
out.
As the latest report from the Urban Land Institute (ULI) points out, the American suburb is alive and
well — and where most Americans live, work and play. The report, Housing in the Evolving American
Suburb, developed by RCLCO Real Estate Advisors for the ULI Terwilliger Center for Housing, shows
that America is still a largely suburban nation.
The report examines suburbs in the 50 largest metros in the U.S. and finds that in these areas, the
suburbs account for 79 percent of the population, 78 percent of the households and 32 percent of the
land area.
And what about those millennials clustering in urban hubs? The data show that 75 percent of young
adults aged 25 to 35 live in the suburbs.
Work and play
Suburbs aren’t just where we live; they are also where we work.
As of 2014, 67.5 percent of employment in the 50 largest metros was located in suburbs. Interestingly,
between 2005 and 2010, employment in suburban areas remained stagnant but increased by 8.2 percent
in urban areas.
However, once the economy picked up steam again, between 2010 and 2014, jobs increased by 9
percentage points in suburbs versus 6 percentage points in urban areas.
The suburbs are home to 85 percent of children aged 18 and younger, as well as 75 percent of young
adults aged 25 to 34. American suburbs as a whole are racially and ethnically diverse, with 76 percent of
the minority population living in the suburbs.
5 different types of suburbs
The ULI report breaks down the suburbs into five key types, which represent the different ways that they
continue to grow and evolve.
Like cities, these areas aren’t static, changing in response to economic forces and demographic and
mobility patterns. The top three types represent the bulk of the population, while the bottom two
“Greenfield” categories are emerging areas and contain fewer multifamily units.
The desire for affordable, single-family homes is pushing many first-time homebuyers to these areas.
Each major metropolitan area contains a different proportion of these five types.
The age of development and location of each plays a role in how these different segments contribute to
the whole.
1. Established, high-end suburbs
Here, you’ll find high home values and established development patterns — but also community
objection to new growth.
2. Stable middle-income suburbs
These include a wide range of home values attainable to a broad array of households in the region. They
are often located in close-in areas where most of the housing was built decades ago.
These are on the decline, as some are gentrifying into higher-end communities while others are
deteriorating into economically challenged areas.
3. Economically-challenged suburbs
These locations have lower home values and have seen little to no population growth in recent years.
They may have aging infrastructure or underperforming city services that make them less attractive for
new market-rate development.
4. ‘Greenfield’ lifestyle suburbs
These locations are at or close to the suburban fringe, typically adjacent to established high-end suburbs,
and are where the bulk of new community development is occurring.
These areas have mostly developed over the past 1 to 15 years and likely have some land still available
for new development.
5. ‘Greenfield’ value suburbs
These locations are at or close to the suburban fringe, often adjacent to stable or economically
challenged areas. These suburbs have attracted new value-oriented communities that offer attractive
home prices.
The distribution of single-family owner households in the United States is significantly older than the
distribution of households overall. Almost one-half (48 percent) of households living in an owned,
single-family home are older workers and retirees with no children, and almost one-half (49 percent) of
households living in rented single-family homes are families.

1.4 INTENT OF STUDY

Cities that have evolved organically over centuries or even millennia can be challenging to retrofit with
technology. Urban planning mistakes of the past, such as sprawl, may be deeply rooted, and creaky
legacy infrastructure is hard to overhaul. Bold rebuilding projects have high price tags and impose
disruption on existing residents.
These realities have led some governments, private-sector companies, and investors to try a radical
approach: building entirely new smart cities from the ground up. This affords the luxury of a blank
canvas and the opportunity to bake technology into every aspect of the built environment—although the
capital requirements are formidable. These projects can build housing at scale and incorporate forward-
thinking urban planning. Some rapidly urbanizing developing countries are pursuing Greenfield
strategies to ease the pressure on established cities where population growth has outstripped housing
supply and strained infrastructure systems.
A new World Bank report on urban growth in India, launched recently in New Delhi, shows India’s
urban areas growing much faster than expected, adding 90 million new residents in the last 10 years. By
2030, its cities are projected to be home to another 250 million people.
In Urbanization beyond Municipal Boundaries: Nurturing Metropolitan Economies and Connecting
Peri-Urban Areas in India, World Bank economist Tara Vishwanath and her team found most of the
growth taking place beyond metropolitan areas. Although “suburbanization” is a worldwide
phenomenon, it usually occurs in middle to advanced stages of development. In India, it’s happening
much earlier than expected.
For two years, the World Bank team worked with India’s foremost urban experts from government,
academia, and the private sector to address areas with the greatest impact on urbanization: land reform,
infrastructure, and transportation. The team came in at the right time; the government had just passed
land reform legislation for the first time in a century and was developing its 12th five-year plan, which
includes new urban policies.
Policies that inadvertently push people and businesses to the suburbs can impose a burden on citizens,
especially the poor. Transportation costs between the metropolitan cores and the peripheries are among
the highest in the nation. Access to – and the quality of – water, sanitation, and electricity is much worse
in the urban periphery than at the core.
“With the right policies in place, the faster a country like India urbanizes, the faster it could reduce
poverty and increase shared prosperity,” said Onno Ruhl, the World Bank’s country director for India.
“Experience the world over has shown a crucial link between urbanization and economic growth.”

1.5 METHODOLOGY
 Study of case examples
 Study of literature studies
 Study of context
 Study of population
 Study of climate
 Topography
 Hydrology
 Study of types of cities.
 Educational
 Recreational
 Industrial
 Residential
 Commercial

EX- Land use map of Greater Noida

EX- Land use map of Greater Noida

Ex- Land use map of Greater Noida
1.6 SCOPE
 The study focuses on services provided to people in suburbs
 The scope of study is to analyze all the recreational areas , school , hotels , hospitals and
transportation facility in suburban architecture schemes to ensure the better services and low
cost of living with quiet and healthy environment provided to the people.
 Detailed case study of sufficient no of urban and suburban design schemes will be undertaken to
establish the co-relation between dwellings and the services of suburbs provided to the people to
enhance the scope of suburb to different settings and different level in future.

1.6.1 LIMITATIONS
 This study does not include streets system and roads layouts but public facilities and services.
 This does not include internal spaces in houses but public and semi public places in residential
complexes.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
A suburb is a residential or mixed use Area, existing as a part of city or as urban area or as a separate
residential community with commuting distance of a city. In most countries suburban areas are defined
in contrast to inner city or central areas but in some countries it has become largely synonymous to the
word called as '' neighbourhood ''. In some areas suburb is annexed by adjacent cities but in some areas it
has separate municipalities or governed by a large local government area such as a county.
Suburb areas first emerged in 19th and 20 th century with the improvement in the transportation system
which helped in commuting with other areas. It started with the migration of poor village people towards
industrializing areas of England in the late 18th century. It later increased rapidly by the 19th century,
which led to the development of large residential area outside the center of the city. It has been spread to
different areas of the world and is rapidly developing with the increase in population and technologies. It
provides a new living for people with large living area as compared to the congested areas in the city.
Why many people think that the life in suburbs is boring and slow but there are many suburbs that are
lively and thriving communities. There are many facilities such as local festivals that are celebrated
together, civic events, great restaurants and small businesses, as well as parks and other recreational
areas.
Sir Ebenezer Howard, the English founder of the garden city movement, is known for his publication
To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), the description of a utopian city in which
people live harmoniously together with nature. The publication resulted in the founding of the garden
city movement, and the building of the first garden city, Letchworth Garden City, commenced in 1903.
The second true Garden City was Welwyn Garden City (1920) and the movement influenced the
development of several model suburbs in other countries.
GARDEN CITIES OF TO-MORROW
Garden Cities of To-morrow is a book by the British urban planner Ebenezer Howard. When it was
published in 1898, the book was titled To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. In 1902 it was
reprinted as Garden Cities of To-Morrow. The book gave rise to the garden city movement and is very
important in the field of urban design
This book offered a vision of towns free of slums and enjoying the benefits of both town (such as
opportunity, amusement and high wages) and country (such as beauty, fresh air and low rents). Howard
illustrated the idea with his "Three Magnets" diagram. His ideas were conceived for the context of a
capitalist economic system, and sought to balance individual and community needs.

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which self-contained communities are
surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The idea was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom.
His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on
a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide,
extending from the centre. The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full
population, another garden city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several
garden cities as satellites of a central city of 58,000 people, linked by road and rail.[1]ple, linked by
road and rail
EXAMPLES OF SUBURBS IN INDIA
Worli, Mumbai
Worli was once a fishing village and part of the original seven islands that formed Bombay. Today,
a number of Indian corporates have their headquarters in the upmarket neighbourhood. “Worli
has come a long way to emerge as one of the prime real estate destinations in the country.
Bandra, Mumbai
Bandra is called the “queen of the suburbs” in Mumbai, and for good reasons. ”Because of its elite
profile and the high level of available shopping, education, healthcare and recreation facilities,
this area is always a preferred destination for prime property seekers.
Lutyens’ Delhi, New Delhi

This is where the crème de la crème of New Delhi stay. The upmarket neighbourhood—developed by
architect Edwin Lutyen during the 1920s, as the British built a new capital city—houses a large number
of government bungalows and some astronomically priced private residences. “Besides being
strategically located, this micro-market has a very high snob value attached to it. Owning a house here
means announcing to the world that one has arrived in India’s power circle.

Greater Kailash, New Delhi

South Delhi’s Greater Kailash—or simply, GK—is a stylish and upmarket residential neighbourhood
that also houses some of the city’s old-school shopping areas, including the M-Block and N-Block
markets.

DLF City Phase-5, Gurgaon

With a selection of gated communities, villas and high-end apartments, this suburban neighbourhood on
the south-western periphery of New Delhi has emerged as a sought-after real estate destination. ”Its
strategic importance lies in its close proximity to the domestic and international airports and the
significant IT influence in Gurgaon and a selection of good schools and other social infrastructure add to
its attractions.