Urban Planning

Description
Floor Area Ratio proportions between the built area and the lot area
‘Plot Ratio’
total floor-space divided by site area, including half the
Floor Space Index (FSI)
area of any roads adjoining it
land use regulation
Land Use Planning and Zoning type and use allocation
protection of public health, welfare and safety
allowing builders and developers more space if they
Incentive Zoning provide certain desirable features and amenities such as
plazas, arcades, and other open spaces
special zoning policies and regulations for medium to
Cluster Zoning
large sized controlled developments
for large projects developers are required to outline
Environmental Impact Statement
possible effects of the project on the environment
restricting development in certain areas, especially in
Environmental Preservation sensitive areas such as wetlands, coastal areas, and
mountain environments
used interchangeably with preservation but having the
rather more positive connotation of adaptation of parts
Conservation
of buildings while retaining the essential spirit of the
original
area containing a group of buildings of special
conservation area architectural or historical significance, which a Local
Authority may designate
idea of consciously renewing the outworn areas of
Urban Renewal towns and cities; covers most aspects of renewal,
including both redevelopment and rehabilitation
converting old, usually historic buildings, sections of, or
Adaptive Reuse entire districts to new uses other than their original
purpose
idea of repairing, redecorating and in some cases
converting, existing structurally sound property to a
Rehabilitation
standard compatible with modern requirements of
amenity and health
entrance of a new population and / or facilities in an
Invasion
already occupied area
“forcing” the old population out of the area because of
Block-boosting
social or racial differences
urban ecological process in city land use patterning
Centralization referring to an increase in population at a certain
geographic center
 improving the physical set-up and consequently
Gentrification
affecting the market for previously run-down areas

Emerging Theories
Planned Unit Developments cluster zoning
areas that are being intensively developed for the first
time
ordinary zoning regulations can be suspended for this
particular property
ave. 670 meter distance of a transit stop and
Transit Oriented Developments
commercial core area
residents within 600 to 700m of transit stations
average walking time of about 5 minutes
located directly on the trunk line transit network: at
Urban TOD
light rail, heavy rail, or express bus stops
on a local or feeder bus line within 10 minutes transit
Neighborhood TOD travel time (no more than 3 miles) from a trunk line
transit stop
major competing retail centers should be spaced a
Distribution of TODs minimum of 1 mile apart and should be distributed to
serve different neighborhoods

landscapes dominated by parking lots and undefined

Sprawl edges, aesthetically unpleasing characteristics of the
urban fabric
Andres Duany
Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
Congress for New Urbanism (CNU) Peter Calthorpe
Peter Katz
Daniel Solomon
three are the fundamental
organizing elements of New neighborhood, districts, corridors
Urbanism
neighborhoods urbanized areas with a balanced mix of human activity
districts areas dominated by a single activity
connectors and separators of neighborhoods and
corridors
districts

are not the dividing lines within a city, but are to be

streets
communal rooms and passages
are the field on which unfolds both the building fabric
blocks
and the public realm of the city
 are the smallest increment of growth in the city. Their
buildings proper configuration and placement relative to each
other determines the character of each settlement

New Urbanism neighborhood has a discernible center or a focal point

dwellings are within a five-minute walk of the center

600 to 700 meters (2,000 feet)
variety of dwelling types
preferably a grid pattern
small playgrounds near every dwelling – not more than
200 meters away
elementary school is close enough so that most children
can walk from their home
streets and sidewalks are covered with rows of trees
and other landscaping elements that provide shade to
pedestrians and an overall pleasant environment

Parallel parking will also be allowed along the streets,

with trees in between each designated space
Sidewalks are wide, at least 3.0 meters
Prominent sites at the termination of street vistas
In areas with bodies of water of significant size,
buildings will be built facing the water
neighborhood is organized to be self-governing. A
formal association debates and decides matters of
maintenance, security and physical change

rededication of land in an urban environment, usually

open-space, to new construction. Infill also applies,
Infill
within an urban polity, to construction on any
undeveloped land that is not on the urban margin.

a form of urban planning designed to relocate

populations away from large cities by grouping homes,
New Towns hospitals, industry and cultural, recreational, and
shopping centres to form entirely new, relatively
autonomous communities
Laguna West Peter Calthorpe and Associates
The town center is located at the terminus of radial
boulevards which originate in neighborhood parks
 Kentlands Andres Duany & Elizabeth Plater

Famous Planners
Abercrombie, Sir Leslie Patrick Dublin
Greater London Plan
founder of the Town Planning Review
Garnier, Tony Cité Industrielle
Geddes, Sir Patrick coined Conurbation
Cities in Evolution
invention of the residential layout in which slab blocks
Gropius, Walter of flats are placed laterally or obliquely to a street
rather than parallel with it
pioneered the development in America of both regional
Gruen, Victor
and city centre pedestrian shopping areas
imaginative sequence of plans for the redevelopment of
Kahn, Louis
Philadelphia
Mayer, Albert Chandigarh
“differentiation without division”
Mumford, Lewis The Story of Utopias
Nash, John Designer of London’s Park Crescent and Regent’s Park

Wren, Christopher Credited for rebuilding London after the fire of 1966

Concepts of City and Urban Planning

Cities/municipalities per NSO
1000 person/sqkm
500 person/ sqkm at poblacions
commercial, manufacturing, recreational, personal
at least 6 establishments
services
street pattern parallel or right angle
any of the three of the following town hall, church, chapel w/ services once a month
public plaza, park, cemetery
market place
school, hospital, puericulture, health center, library
barangay 1000 inhabitants
 a concentration of people with a distinctive way of life
in terms of employment patterns and lifestyle, with a
"urban" high degree of specialized land uses and a wide variety
of social, economic, and political institutions that
coordinate the use of facilities and resources
concetration of people
barangays are considered as urban when more than half
distinctive employment patterns of total employment, therein is accounted for by non-
agricultural activities
urban dwellers exhibits a faster pace of living, more
distinctive lifestyle
discipline, firmer schedule, more precise deadlines
discernible segregation of residential, industrial,
specialized land uses
commercial, and institutional uses in urban areas
presence of economic, social, religious, cultural, and
wide variety of institutions
administrative buildings and institutions

City per RA 7160

20 million pesos minimum income
any of the ff. 10,000 hectares
150,000 population

highly urbanized city 50 million pesos minimum income

200,000 population

population and income below those of a highly

component city
urbanized city
chartered city with a population and income below
independent city those required for a city but whose charter makes it
independent from the province
town or city classified as completely urban may still
overbounded cities contain a sizable rural hinterland and a town that is
classified as rural does have an urban core or poblacion

when cities or towns overstep their legal boundaries

underbounded cities
and their built up areas extend beyond their city limits

true bound cities cities whose urban areas fit their legal boundaries

urban development process of occupation and use of land or spaces

building or rebuilding of permanent structure over land
urbanization
that is withdrawn or converted from its original use
built environment that is thus adapted as human
urban area/space
settlement with a high degree of concentration
 three main functions of cities and providing an environment for a peculiar type of human
urban areas settlements
providing the locus of and conditions for faster
economic growth
facilitating the integration between these two functions

is the single most powerful tools to shape the

capital facilities planning community's development and implement the
comprehensive development plan
plannning framework considerations inventory of present capital facilities
evaluation of present and future plans of various
government levels and private enterprises for the
provision of public facilities and services
forecasting community growth and
change
land use studies determines the type of development and land suitability
separates sources of revenue into categories like
revenue analysis property tax, fees, and licenses projected over a number
of years
is a process that has as its goal the determination of
urban transportation planning needed improvements or new facilities in order to meet
transportation needs of a specific region or areas
comprehensive process encompassing travel demand,
facility construction, and comprehensive needs
assessment
process developed by american forests for measuring
urban ecosystem analysis
the dollar value of urban ecology
the analysis maps local ecology and estimates the
economic value of important ecosystem services

Environmental Planning PD 1308

shall mean the rational use of land for development
physical planning
purposes
refers to those activities concerned with uplifting the
quality of life and income levels of the population
economic planning through assessment of advantages from economic
activities in either agriculture, industry, tourism,
services
 refers to activities concerned with the management and
development land, as well as, the preservation,
environmental planning
conservation, and rehabilitation of the human
environment

central place theory explains the size and function of settlements and their
walter christaller relationship with their hinterlands
hierarchal arrangement of centers and functions based
hierarchy of services on service activities from low order to high order
services found only in major urban centers
maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to
market range avail of a good or service beyond which people will look
to another center
threshold population minimum population necessary to support a service

core periphery
unbalanced growth results to dualism
john friedmann

development of first world derived from

dependency theory
underdevelopment of third world
neo-colonialism

economic theory that attempts to incorporate the

location factor into the theory of the firm and tries to
industrial location theory
explain the existing structure of industrial lcoation and
changes in that structure
least cost approach minimization of total costs (transpo and production
(supply oriented) costs) in site selection
market area analysis optimum location is the site of maximum profit, one the
(demand oriented) greatest access to market and serve greatest demand
profit maximizing approach cost and demand factors of location combined
cost reducing and revenue increasing

stages of economic growth

traditional society agricultural society, low productivity, low technology
transitional period, investments used as overhead
preconditions for take off capital and for infrastructure, new and higher functions
due to modern science
take off start of self sustaining growth, profits reinvested
automobile age, modern technology and techniques,
drive to maturity
growth of urban population, white collar workers
increasing purchasing power of consumers,
age of high mass consumption
service/tertiary sectors becomes dominant
elements of human settlements doxiadis
nature natural physical environment
individual, biological needs, sensation and perception,
man
emotional needs, moral values
group of individuals sharing the same culture, values,
society
norms, morals, and traditions
buildings, the built component, housing, hospitals,
shell schools, town halls, commercial establishments,
recreational facilities, industrial buildings, etc.

links within the settlement and with other settlements,

network transportations systems, communication systems, water
supply systems, power and electrical systems, etc.

hierarchy of settlements
hamlet neighborhood, small village
community town
city urban area
metropolis
conurbation composition of cities, metropolises, urban areas
megalopolis two or more metropolises
10 million or more population
Reviewer Notes by SHE R.B