Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

Lesson 41. Future Tense. uç=ìd uçkçÀçj ~

i must first of all apologize for the complete silence that i have maintained
over the past two months......but i do have a solid excuse..... we have been
working on our 'Sanskrit Aradhana', a five month course in basic Sanskrit
and , honestly, 24 hours a day was not enough.

i have been hoping that you have missed me....which means that you have
taken up the study of Sanskrit seriously. Today, let's learn the future tense
form of verbs.
With this lesson you should be able to make sentences like
1. I will go home tomorrow.
2. She will study only when she has exams.
3. Janmashtami will be celebrated next month in our village.

There are no particular rules as to how the future tense forms are derived.
Basically, a Fm³ç or an F<³ç is added to the present tense form of the original
dhatu of the verb to create a future tense form. It is through sheer
reading, re-reading and the use of the words themselves, which will help you
to memorize the forms.
Supplement 31 will give you the complete table of a few forms in both the
P.P. and the A.P. and Supplement 32 will give you a list of how to decline the
future tense of a few commonly used verbs by stating the ÒçLçcç-Hçá©<ç SkçÀJç®çvç
forms. Then based on Supplement 31, you can easily decline the verbs that
have been listed in Supplement 32.
Read the supplements first, then attempt to translate the exercises or else
you'll land up with goof ups like Dçnb HççqM³ç<³çççÆcç instead of Dçnb ê#³çççÆcç !!

*******

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Lesson 41 A. Exercises with the Future Tense.

Nouns/Pronouns Verbs Avyayas Adjectives.

ÒçççÆCçmç*dûççuç³ç mçc³çkçdÀ well,
zoo ( M) correct, right
manner.
çÆJçHççÆCç market ( F)
mJç³çbmçíJçkçÀ
volunteer ( M)
kçÀç³ç&¬çÀcç function
( M)
uççíkçÀ³ççvçmLççvçkçÀ
bus stop ( N )

Translate:
1. On Saturday, we are going to the zoo to see the lion.
2. Will you come to the market with me tomorrow? ( Recall: sentences
can be converted into questions if you add çÆkçÀcçd to the end of the
sentence OR if you begin the sentence with DççÆHç )
3. Don't worry, my volunteers will do the work happily( with happiness)
4. Lata will sing at the function.
5. I will know only tomorrow if she can come or not.( you'll probably need
to take a peek at the answers for this one.)
6. The teacher will give gifts to the student who will study well.
7. Let's see what will happen.
8. The boys are sure to ask me why I did not come yesterday to school.
9. Boys will be youths.
10. She will wait at the bus stop for me at 2:00.

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

Lesson 41 B. Answers to Lesson 41 A.

Translated:
1. On Saturday, we are going to the zoo to see the lion.
MççÆvçJççmçjí, çÆmçbnb ¢äáb ,Jç³çb ÒçççÆCçmç*dûççuç³çb iççÆcç<³ççcç: ~
2. Will you come to the market with me tomorrow?
éç: cç³çç mçn lJçb çÆJçHççÆCçcçd DççiççÆcç<³ççÆmç çÆkçÀcçd ?
DççÆHç éç: cç³çç mçn lJçb çÆJçHççÆCçcçd DççiççÆcç<³ççÆmç ?
3. Don't worry, my volunteers will do the work happily( with happiness)
çÆ®çvlçç cççmlçá, cçcç mJç³çbmçíJçkçÀç: kçÀç³ç¥ ÒçmçVçlç³çç kçÀçÆj<³ççqvlç ~
4. Lata will sing at the function.
uçlçç kçÀç³ç&¬çÀcçí iççm³ççÆlç ~
5. I will know only tomorrow if she can come or not.
éç: SJç Dçnb %ççm³çççÆcç ³ççÆo mçç Dççiçvlçáb MçØçÀçíçÆlç Jçç vç Jçç ~
6. The teacher will give gifts to the student who will study well.
³ç: sç$ç: mçc³çkçdÀ HççÆþ<³ççÆlç , lçmcçÌ DçO³ççHçkçÀ: GHçnçjçvçd oçm³ççÆlç ~
7. Let's see what will happen.
ê#³ççcç: çÆkçbÀ YççÆJç<³ççÆlç ~
8. The boys are sure to ask me why I did not come yesterday to school.
çÆvç½ç³çívç yççuçkçÀç: cççb Òç#³ççqvlç ³çlçd Dçnb ¿ç: çÆkçÀcçLç¥ HççþMççuççb vç Dççiç®scçd ~
9. Boys will be youths.
yççuçkçÀç: ³çáJçkçÀç: YççÆJç<³ççqvlç ~
10. She will wait at the bus stop for me at 2:00.
mçç cç¿çb çÆÜJççovçí uççíkçÀ³ççvçmLççvçkçíÀ mLççm³ççÆlç ~

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Lesson 42. Active and Passive Voice in Sentence Constructions.

Back to school!! Do you remember converting

a) The boy does the work( Active)..... into
b) The work is being done by the boy? ( Passive)

Let us first recall the art of constructing sentences in the Active voice...
the kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ~
Here is what we have been doing all this while......
1. Selecting the person who does the work from the ÒçLçcçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç ~
2. Making sure that the verb and the subject agree.
3. Selecting the object to the verb from the çÆÜlççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç ~
So in a sentence like "The boy is seeing a bird " we would first ask the
question..."who is seeing" and place that who...the doer of the action in the
ÒçLçcçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç. Then we would ask the question "what is the object that is
being seen" and place that what....the object, into the çÆÜlççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç. And
then making sure the verb and subject agree, we would come up with....yççuçkçÀ:
Kçiçb HçM³ççÆlç ~
In an Active sentence construction, kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ,the pride of place is
given to the kçÀlçç&, the subject. The verb, always preferring to be with the
guy on top ( yup, our verb is a true- blue -blood politician! ) agrees firmly
with the subject.

Now, in a Passive sentence construction, kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ( The bird is being
seen by the boy) the object takes pride of place and is placed in the
ÒçLçcçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç. " By the boy" is naturally selected from the lç=lççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç . So
far so good...... what does our verb do?
1. He gets political.
2. Changes sides.
3. Joins hands with the object.
4. Decides to agree with it.

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5. In his new avataar, adds a ³ç to his root Oççlçá ~ THEN drops his P.P.
leanings ( if he is a P.P.) and becomes A.P. by adding the A.P. Òçl³ç³ç ~
All the A.P. guys remain A.P.

EXAMPLE: yççuçkçÀ: Kçiçb HçM³ççÆlç, is converted into yççuçkçíÀvç Kçiç: ¢M³çlçí ~

Let's examine this again:
1. "By the boy" has become: " yççuçkçíÀvç "... the ÒçLçcçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç is
converted into the lç=lççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç .
2. The object becomes All Important and now falls into the ÒçLçcçç
çÆJçYççqkçwlç ~ Kçiçb gets converted into Kçiç:~
3. The root dhaatu of HçM³ç is ¢Mçd ~ Add a ³ç to this root Oççlçá ~
That makes it ¢M³ç ~ Now add the A.P. Òçl³ç³ç ...... since the Kçiç:
( object turned subject) is singular, the verb also remains singular
and gets converted into ¢M³çlçí ~ Naturally the tense remains the
same. If the P.P. verb is in the present tense, you use the present
tense verb forms of the A.P. in the kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ~
4. IF the boy were looking at two birds, the kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç would
become yççuçkçÀ: KçiççÌ HçM³ççÆlç and the kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç would become
yççuçkçíÀvç KçiççÌ ¢M³çílçí ~
5. IF he were looking at many birds the kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç would
become yççuçkçÀ: Kçiççvçd HçM³ççÆlç and the kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç would become
yççuçkçíÀvç Kçiçç: ¢M³çvlçí ~
6. Now, what if the verb were an A.P ? No problem. yççuçkçíÀvç ûçvLç:
uçY³çlçí~ yççuçkçíÀvç ûçvLççÌ uçY³çílçí~ yççuçkçíÀvç ûçvLçç: uçY³çvlçí ~ uçYçlçí gets
converted into uçY³çlçí ~ The ³ç in the middle, helps you recognize
the verb to be a kçÀcç&çÆCç form.
7. If the A.P. form already has a ³ç in the middle when it is
conjugated....for example çÆJçod - çÆJçÐçlçí -to be , you do not need to
add another ³ç . The kçÀlç&çÆj and kçÀcç&çÆCç forms are both the same.

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8. Since the ³ç is already added to the future tense forms of verbs,

the ³ç needn't be added twice. For example iççÆcç<³ççÆlç becomes
iççÆcç<³çlçí and not iççÆcç<³ç³çlçí ~

Note:
Dhaatus are divided into mçkçÀcç&kçÀ and DçkçÀcç&kçÀ verbs. mçkçÀcç&kçÀ are those verbs
that answer the question " what." For example: j#çd ( j#ççÆlç ) "Protect what"
can be very easily answered.
But a dhaatu like mLçç ( çÆlçÿçÆlç) cannot answer the question "what"..... "Stand
what"? Therefore it becomes an DçkçÀcç&kçÀ verb.
A sentence like : The boy stands .... is a kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ~
The passive form would be : It is being stood by the boy.... a ridiculous
sentence but perfectly accurate in Sanskrit. The kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç would be
yççuçkçíÀvç mLççdzçlçí ~ This kind of kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç with an DçkçÀcç&kçÀ dhaatu is called
the YççJçí Òç³ççíiç ~ The "emotion", the "feeling" of the passive voice is there is it
not? therefore the use of the word " YççJç " .
Question 1. Why did mLçç become mLççdzçlçí and not mLçç³çlçí ????
Answer 1. Note how most root dhaatus ending with the Dçç cçç$çç turn into the
F& cçç$çç before converting into the kçÀcç&çÆCç form.... refer to Supplement 34.

No, it is not as difficult as it looks. The advantages of the kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç
are innumerable.
1. Since the verb now follows the object turned subject, one needs to
only remember the singular, dual and the plural forms of the ÒçLçcç
Hçá©<ç of the A.P. forms . Simply put...one needs to remember the Òçl³ç³ç
s ....lçí, Slçí and Dçvlçí ~ These forms go with all nouns and pronouns in
the lç=lççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç so all one needs to do is....
cç³çç Kçiç: ¢M³çlçí , lJç³çç Kçiç: ¢M³çlçí , lçívç Kçiç: ¢M³çlçíí , sç$çÌ: Kçiç: ¢M³çlçí,
yçççÆuçkçÀççÆYç: Kçiç: ¢M³çlçíí ....

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2. Instead of learning 9 forms of P.P. and A.P. verbs each, we now bring
it down to just 3 .
3. Multiply it by the 5 uçkçÀçj s and we get 15 forms( just A.P.) that we
have to know as against 90( P.P. and A.P.)....if we choose to do just
the kçÀlç&çÆj Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç ~.......This happens about 99% of the time....
4. Now the bad news: What do you do with a sentence like, " The lion
sees me?" Naturally ...çÆmçbn: cççb HçM³ççÆlç ~
I am being seen by the lion = çÆmçbnívç Dçnb ¢M³çí ~The verb HAS to agree
with the ÒçLçcçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç ~
5. Therefore, my dears, 1% of the time you will need 45 forms in the
kçÀcç&çÆCç as well. ( i suppose i am rather mean...but you must hand it to
me....i am mean only in small doses.)

Not to worry. Check out Supplement 33. It will give you all the 45
forms of the dhaatu in the passive voice.
Supplement 34....Column 4...will tell you the ÒçLçcç Hçá©<ç SkçÀJç®çvç forms in
the present tense. Use Supplement 33 along with Supplement 34 to
conjugate the verbs in all its tenses and moods.

It is not enough to know this intellectually..... we must work on exercises to

make sure that we have understood this completely. So every week, we are
going to handle each of the uçkçÀçj s for sufficient practice. As we work on
each tense and mood, you will see how easy the whole thing really is.
So this week, let's concentrate on the present tense.
To conclude, here is a beautiful shloka from our Devi poojan to illustrate this
passive construction:
DçHçjçOçmçnñçççÆCç çƬçÀ³çvlçíençÆvç&Mçb cç³çç ~
oçmççíe³ççÆcççÆlç cççb cçlJçç #çcçmJç HçjcçíéççÆj ~~
A thousand mistakes are being done day and night by me.
Considering me your servant, forgive me O Parameshwari.

*****

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Lesson 42 A. kçÀcç&çÆCç Jççkçw³ç j®çvçç Present tense forms.

Translate each of the following sentences first into the kçÀlç&çÆj and then into
kçÀcç&çÆCç ~ One has been done for you:
1. The boy is eating a fruit.
yççuçkçÀ: HçÀuçb KççoçÆlç ~
The fruit is being eaten by the boy.
yççuçkçíÀvç HçÀuçb KççÐçlçí ~
2. The woman is wearing a saree.
3. The girl is reading two books.
4. The writer is writing many articles.
5. The writers are writing many articles.
6. The two writers are writing many articles.
7. The man obtains blessings.
8. The devotees obtain blessings.
9. Ganesh eats modaks.
10. The devotees do namaskaar to the Lord.
11. The women tolerate unhappiness.
12. The boy touches the horse.
13. I touch the horse.
14. The horse sees me.
15. The horse sees you.
16. The student goes to the village.
17. The men go to the village.
18. The girl falls.
19. The girls fall.
20. The beggar begs for wealth.
21. The girl stands.
22. The girls stand.
23. The teacher asks a question.
24. The king drinks the milk.
25. The mother gives food.
26. The father sells grain.
27. The volunteer does the work.
28. The volunteers do the work.

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Lesson 42 B. Answers to Lesson 42 A.

1. The boy is eating a fruit.
yççuçkçÀ: HçÀuçb KççoçÆlç ~
The fruit is being eaten by the boy.
yççuçkçíÀvç HçÀuçb KççÐçlçí ~
2. The woman is wearing a saree.
cççÆnuçç MçççÆìkçÀçb Oççj³ççÆlç ~
The saree is being worn by the woman.
cççÆnuç³çç MçççÆìkçÀç Oçç³ç&lçí ~
3. The girl is reading two books.
yçççÆuçkçÀç HçámlçkçíÀ HçþçÆlç ~
Two books are being read by the girl.
yçççÆuçkçÀ³çç HçámlçkçíÀ Hçþîçílçí ~
4. The writer is writing many articles.
uçíKçkçÀ: uçíKççvçd çÆuçKççÆlç ~
Many articles are being written by the writer.
uçíKçkçíÀvç uçíKçç: çÆuçK³çvlçí ~
5. The writers are writing many articles.
uçíKçkçÀç: uçíKççvçd çÆuçKççqvlç ~
Many articles are being written by the writers.
uçíKçkçÌÀ: uçíKçç: çÆuçK³çvlçí ~
6. The two writers are writing many articles.
uçíKçkçÀçÌ uçíKççvçd çÆuçKçlç: ~
Many articles are being written by the two writers.
uçíKçkçÀçY³ççb uçíKçç: çÆuçK³çvlçí ~
7. The man obtains blessings.
Hçá©<ç: DççMççÇJçç&oçvçd uçYçlçí ~
Blessings are being obtained by the man.
Hçá©<çíCç DççMççÇJçç&oç: uçY³çvlçí ~

8. The devotees obtain blessings.

Yçkçwlçç: DççMççÇJçç&oçvçd uçYçvlçí ~

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Blessings are being obtained by the devotees.

YçkçwlçÌ: DççMççÇJçç&oç: uçY³çvlçí ~
9. Ganesh eats modaks.
içCçíMç: cççíokçÀçvçd KççoçÆlç ~
The modaks are being eaten by Ganesh.
içCçíMçívç cççíokçÀç: KççÐçvlçí ~
10. The devotees do namaskaar to the Lord.
Yçkçwlçç: oíJçb Jçvovlçí / vçcççqvlç ~
The Lord is being done namaskaar to by the devotees.
YçkçwlçÌ: oíJç: JçvÐçlçí / vçc³çlçí~
11. The women tolerate unhappiness.
cççÆnuçç: oá:Kçb mçnvlçí ~
Unhappiness is being tolerated by the women.
cççÆnuçççÆYç: oá:Kçb mç¿çlçí~
12. The boy touches the horse.
yççuçkçÀ: Dçéçb mHç=MççÆlç ~
The horse is being touched by the boy.
yççuçkçíÀvç Dçéç: mHç=M³çlçí~
13. I touch the horse.
Dçncçd Dçéçb mHç=MçççÆcç ~
The horse is being touched by me.
cç³çç Dçéç: mHç=M³çlçí~
14. The horse sees me.
Dçéç: cççb HçM³ççÆlç ~
I am being seen by the horse.
Dçéçívç Dçnb ¢M³çí ~
15. The horse sees you.
Dçéç: lJççb HçM³ççÆlç ~
You are being seen by the horse.
Dçéçívç lJçb ¢M³çmçí ~
16. The student goes to the village.
sç$ç: ûççcçb iç®sçÆlç ~
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The village is being gone to by the student ( yipes!!!)

sç$çíCç ûççcç: içc³çlçí ~
17. The men go to the village.
Hçá©<çç: ûççcçb iç®sçqvlç ~
The village is being gone to by the men.
Hçá©<çÌ: ûççcç: içc³çlçí ~
18. The girl falls.
yçççÆuçkçÀç HçlççÆlç ~
It is being fallen by the girl. ( oh dear.)
yçççÆuçkçÀ³çç Hçl³çlçí ~
19. The girls fall.
yçççÆuçkçÀç: Hçlççqvlç ~
It is being fallen by the girls.
yçççÆuçkçÀççÆYç: Hçl³çlçí ~
20. The girl stands.
yçççÆuçkçÀç çÆlçÿçÆlç ~
It is being stood by the girl.
yçççÆuçkçÀ³çç mLççdzçlçí ~
21. The girls stand.
yçççÆuçkçÀç: çÆlçÿçÆvlç ~
It is being stood by the girls.
yçççÆuçkçÀççÆYç: mLççdzçlçí ~
22. The teacher asks a question.
DçO³ççHçkçÀ: ÒçMvçb Hç=®sçÆlç ~
A question is being asked by the teacher.
DçO³ççHçkçíÀvç ÒçMvç: Hç=®sd³çlçí ~
23. The king drinks the milk.
vç=Hç: oáiOçb çÆHçyççÆlç ~
The milk is being drunk by the milk.
vç=HçíCç oáiOçb Hççdzçlçí ~
24. The mother gives food.
cççlçç Yççípçvçb ³ç®sçÆlç~
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The food is being given by the mother.

cçç$çç Yççípçvçb oçdzçlçí ~
25. The father sells grain.
çÆHçlçç Oççv³çb ¬çÀçÇCçççÆlç ~
The grain is being sold by the father.
çÆHç$çç Oççv³çb ¬çÀçdzçlçí ~
26. The volunteer does the work.
mJç³çbmçíJçkçÀ: kçÀç³ç¥ kçÀjçíçÆlç ~
Work is being done by the volunteer.
mJç³çbmçíJçkçíÀvç kçÀç³ç&b çƬçÀ³çlçí ~
27. The volunteers do the work.
mJç³çbmçíJçkçÀç: kçÀç³ç¥ kçáÀJç&çqvlç ~
Work is being done by the volunteers.
mJç³çbmçíJçkçÌÀ: kçÀç³ç&b çƬçÀ³çlçí ~

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Lesson 43. Passive Constructions in uççíìd uçkçÀçj ~

There seem to be no need of instructions since all have been given in Lesson
42. i must ask you to have a look at some of our shlokas from the Shiva, Devi
and the Guru Poojans where passive constructions in uççíìd uçkçÀçj are quite
apparent. Just read through, i do not expect that the shlokas will be
completely clear. But i do want you to notice how the same shloka can be
used by any person or by any number of people simply because the passive
voice has been used and the "by whom" has not been specified.
For recognition ONLY.
Devi Poojan
Dççmçvç -
mçoççÆMçJçç¹-mçbmLççvçí mçJçç&Oççjí cçníéççÆj~
mçJç&lçlJçcç³çb çÆoJ³çcççmçvçb ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
mvççvç-
mççOJççÇvççcçûçlççíiçC³çí mççOçámç«-mçcçço=lçí ~
mçJç&lççÇLç&cç³çb lççí³çb mvççvççLç¥ ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
içvOç-
kçÀHç&Ójçiç©mçb³çákçwlçb kçÀHçççÆuçÒççCçvçççƳçkçíÀ~
kçÀmlçÓjçÇçÆlçuçkçbÀ içvOçb mçJçç&²í ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
lççcyçÓuçcçd -
lççcyçÓuç -cçáçqkçwlçkçÀç®çÓCç&-kçÀHç&ÓjççÆo-mçcççqvJçlçcçd ~
çÆpç»ç-pçç[îççí®síokçÀjb çÆ$çHçájí ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~

ÒççLç&vççHçÓJç&kçÀ #çcççHçvç -
Dç%ççvççodçÆJçmcç=lçíjdYç´ç&vl³çç ³çvv³çÓvçcççÆOçkçbÀ kç=Àlçcçd ~
lçlmçJç¥ #çc³çlççb oíçÆJç ÒçmççÇo HçjcçíéççÆj ~~
Shiva Poojan:

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

vçÌJçíÐç-
vçÌJçíÐçb <ç[^mççíHçílçb çÆJç<ççMçvç Iç=lçççqvJçlçcçd ~
cçOçá#ççÇjçHçÓHç³çákçwlçb iç=¿çlççb mççícçMçíKçj ~~
lççcyçÓuç -
vççiçJçuuççÇouçÌ: HçÓiçÌ: vççvçç®çÓCçz½ç mçb³çálçcçd ~
vççiçívênçj lççbyçÓuçb cçáKççcççíob ®ç iç=¿çlççcçd ~
oçÆ#çCçç-
OçvçoççÆOçHç oíJçíMç oçÆ#çCççêJ³çcçáÊçcçcçd ~
³çLççMççqkçwlçcç&³çç oÊçb iç=¿çlççcçd Jç=<çYçOJçpç ~~
ÒççLç&vççHçÓJç&kçÀ #çcççHçvç -
³ço#çjb Hçob Yç´äb cçç$ççnçÇvçb ®ç ³çtJçílçd ~
lçlmçJç¥ #çc³çlççb oíJç ÒçmççÇo Hçjcçíéçj ~~
Guru Poojan:
mvççvç-
mçJç&Mççm$çcç³çb lççí³çb mçoççÆvçcç&ákçwlç kçÀucç<ç~
Þç×çvçÐçç mçcççvççÇlçb mvççvççLç¥ ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
Jçm$ç-
cçç³çççÆ®ç$çHçìç®sVççÆvçpçiçá¿ççí©lçípçmçí ~
cçcçÞç×çYççqkçwlçJççmç³çáicçb oíçÆMçkçÀ iç=¿çlççcçd ~~
®çvovç-Dç#çlç
cçnçJççkçw³ççílLççÆJç%ççvç-içvOçç{îçb lççHçcççí®çvçcçd ~
çÆJçuçíHçvçcçd içá©Þçíÿ ®çvovçb ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
lççcyçÓuç-oçÆ#çCçç
pççÇJçyç´ïçÌkçw³ççÆJç%ççvç- lç=Hlçç³çiçá©cçÓlç&³çí ~
pççÇJçvcçáçqkçwlçmçáKççkçÀçjb lççcyçÓuçb ÒççÆlçiç=¿çlççcçd ~~
Passive sentences can thus be created in every tense and mood. We could
have devoted the next three weeks to the past tense, the future and the
vidhilin...but it will only amount to an intellectual exercise of sorts. The
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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

passive structure in the past tense and the vidhilin can be done in a much
simpler manner... and that which is constantly in use in conversational
Sanskrit. This is done by the use of Participles.
But before we get into that, we need to learn the noun declensions of cç©lçd
and YçiçJçlçd which will help us to handle the "Participle Lesson."
So next week... cç©lçd and YçiçJçlçd ~
*********

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

Lesson 43 A. Exercises with . Passive Constructions in uççíìd uçkçÀçj ~

Translate, first into the kçÀlç&çÆj and then into the kçÀcç&çÆCç . One has been done
for you. ( Sentences 1 -6 and 10...imagine addressing this to any one of
these: lJçcçd , YçJççvçd , YçJçlççÇ )
1. See the bird. Kçiçb HçMlçá ~
Let the bird be seen. Kçiç: ¢M³çlççcçd ~
2. Accept this gift.
3. Eat the meal.
4. Write the letter.
5. Write the two letters.
6. Write the many letters.
7. You, read the book. (use ûçvLç M)
8. All of you, read the book. (use ûçvLç M)
9. The two of you, read the book. (use ûçvLç M)
10. Cook the food.
11. You, drink the milk.
12. (He ) Drink the milk.
13. (The two of them) Drink the milk.
14. (All of them)Drink the milk.
15. (I) Beg for knowledge.
16. (The two of us )Beg for knowledge.
17. (All of us) Beg for knowledge.
18. (I ) See you.
19. (You)See me.
20. Give me the book. (use ûçvLç M) ( Note: the other vibhaktis in the
active remain the same in the passive. Only the object and the subject
jump around.)
21. (You) Give me the book.
22. (He) Give me the book.
23. (They) Give me the book.
24. (All of you) Give me the book.
25. (The two of them) Give me the book.
26. (The two of you) Give me the book.

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

Lesson 43 B. Answers to Lesson 43A.

1. See the bird.
Kçiçb HçMlçá ~
Let the bird be seen.
Kçiç: ¢M³çlççcçd ~
2. Accept this gift.
Slçod GHçnçjb iç=nçCç / iç=ÔCççlçá~
Let this gift be accepted.
S<ç: GHçnçj: iç=¿çlççcçd ~
3. Eat the meal.
Yççípçvçb Kçço / Kççolçá ~
Let the meal be eaten.
Yççípçvçb KççÐçlççcçd ~
4. Write the letter.
Hç$çb çÆuçKç / çÆuçKçlçá ~
Let the letter be written.
Hç$çb çÆuçK³çlççcçd ~
5. Write the two letters.
Hç$çí çÆuçKç / çÆuçKçlçá ~
Let the two letters be written.
Hç$çí çÆuçK³çílççcçd ~
6. Write the many letters.
Hç$çççÆCç çÆuçKç / çÆuçKçlçá ~
Let the many letters be written.
Hç$çççÆCç çÆuçK³çvlççcçd ~
7. You, read the book.
lJçb ûçvLçb Hçþ ~
Let the book be read by you.
lJç³çç ûçvLç: Hçþîçlççcçd ~
8. All of you, read the book.
³çÓ³çb ûçvLçb Hçþlç ~
Let the book be read by all of you.

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

³çá<cçççÆYç: ûçvLç: Hçþîçlççcçd ~

9. The two of you, read the book.
³çáJççb ûçvLçb Hçþlççcçd ~
Let the book be read by two of you.
³çáJççY³ççb ûçvLç: Hçþîçlççcçd ~
10. Cook the food.
Yççípçvçb Hç®ç / Hç®çlçá ~
Let the food be cooked.
Yççípçvçb H箳çlççcçd ~
11. You, drink the milk.
lJçb oáiOçb çÆHçyç ~
Let the milk be drunk by you.
lJç³çç oáiOçb Hççdzçlççcçd ~
12. (He ) Drink the milk.
mç: oáiOçb çÆHçyçlçá ~
Let the milk be drunk by him.
lçívç oáiOçb Hççdzçlççcçd ~
13. (The two of them) Drink the milk.
lççÌ oáiOçb çÆHçyçlççcçd ~
Let the milk be drunk by the two of them.
lççY³ççb oáiOçb Hççdzçlççcçd ~
14. (All of them) Drink the milk.
lçí oáiOçb çÆHçyçvlçá ~
Let the milk be drunk by all of them.
lçÌ: oáiOçb Hççdzçlççcçd ~
15. (I) Beg for knowledge.
Dçnb çÆJçÐççb ³çç®çÌ ~
Let knowledge be begged for by me.
cç³çç çÆJçÐçç ³ç箳çlççcçd ~
16. (The two of us ) Beg for knowledge.
DççJççb çÆJçÐççb ³çç®ççJçnÌ ~
Let knowledge be begged for by the two of us.
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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

DççJççY³ççb çÆJçÐçç ³ç箳çlççcçd ~

17. (All of us ) Beg for knowledge.
Jç³çb çÆJçÐççb ³çç®ççJçnÌ ~
Let knowledge be begged for by all of us.
DçmcçççÆYç: çÆJçÐçç ³ç箳çlççcçd ~
18. (I ) See you.
Dçnb lJççb HçM³çççÆvç ~
Let you be seen by me.
cç³çç lJçb ¢M³çmJç ~
19. (You) See me.
lJçb cççb HçM³ç ~
Let me be seen by you.
lJç³çç Dçnb ¢M³çÌ ~
20. Give me the book.
cç¿çb ûçvLçb ooçlçá ~
Let me be given the book.
cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~
21. (You) Give me the book.
lJçb cç¿çb ûçvLçb oíçÆn ~
Let me be given the book by you.
lJç³çç cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~
22. (He) Give me the book.
mç: cç¿çb ûçvLçb ooçlçá ~
Let me be given the book by him.
lçívç cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~
23. (They) Give me the book.
lçí cç¿çb ûçvLçb oolçá ~
Let me be given the book by them.
lçÌ: cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~
24. (All of you) Give me the book.
³çÓ³çb cç¿çb ûçvLçb oÊç~
Let me be given the book by all of you.
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³çá<cçççÆYç: cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~

25. (The two of them) Give me the book.
lççÌ cç¿çb ûçvLçb oÊç~
Let me be given the book by the two of them.
lççY³ççb cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~
26. (The two of you) Give me the book.
³çáJççb cç¿çb ûçvLçb oÊçcçd~
Let me be given the book by the two of you.
³çáJççY³ççb cç¿çb ûçvLç: oçdzçlççcçd ~

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 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme – Month 9

Summing up Month 9.

By the end of Month 9, you would know:

1. The future tense conjugations in both P.P. and A.P.
2. The study and the construction of sentences in the Passive voice.
3. Passive voice sentence constructions in both the Present tense and
the Imperative mood..

Much as our list seems rather tiny, we have studied a very important area in
Sanskrit Grammar. As you move over the next few weeks, you will see what i
mean. Please do get in touch with us if ever you feel the need to clarify a
learning point.

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