Seismic Performance of reinforced concrete

Frame Structure with Soft Stories At Different

Levels with and without infill walls

Guided by, Presented by,

Prof. Rohan Choudhary, Uphade Akshay Sanjay
Prof. (Civil Engg. Dept.) PRN : 170101141001

M. TECH. CIVIL (STRUCTURAL ENGG.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SANDIP UNIVERSITY
At Post Mahirawani, Trimbak Road, tal & dist. Nashik - 422213
 CONTENTS
 Introduction

 IS Code Provision

 Objectives

 Literature Review

 Soft story configuration

 Building details

 Methodology

 Flow chart

 Concluding remarks

 References

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 Introduction

What is Soft Story (IS 1893:2002)

Generally soft Story means simply a frame structure without

infill walls i.e. masonry wall, panels, concrete blocks.

It is the one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70%

of that in the Story immediately above or less than 80%
of average lateral stiffness of three stories above.

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 Adverse Effect
• Large inter Story drift
• Uneven lateral force distribution
• Large stress concentration

•Infill walls have a considerable strength and stiffness.

• Although the infill panels significantly enhance both the stiffness and strength
of the frame, their contribution among analysis and design is often not taken
into account because of the lack of knowledge of the composite behavior of the
frame and the infill

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 Common Practice and Unavoidable Feature -- Parking of Vehicles

Inadequate Stiffness and Inadequate Shear Resistance-- A Soft Story

Discontinuity of Strength and So Collapse is Unavoidable

Damage to Columns in Himgiri Apartment

Failure types of soft story building

Failure types of soft story with walls

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 IS CODE PROVISIONS

 IS 456:2000 – Plain and Reinforced concrete

 IS 1893:2002-- Part I For Seismic Zones

 IS 4326:1993 – Practice for earthquake resistance design

 IS13828:1993- Guidelines for improving earthquake

resistance low strength masonry wall

 IS13935:1993- Guidelines for repair and seismic

strengthening of building

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 Objectives
The objectives of the dissertation work is to focus on seismic performance of RC
frame building with soft stories and to inspect the failure mechanism of soft Story
building with analytical studies by using software.

1.To describe the performance characteristics such as stiffness, axial force, shear
force, bending moment, etc. At soft Story at different level.

2.Checking suitability of soft Story at different floor level.

3.Suggesting remedial measure to minimize the stress generated at soft Story in

earthquake.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

SR. AUTHOR OF
TITLE DESCRIPTION
NO. PAPER
Arlekar J. N., Jain S. Seismic Response of RC Studied the seismic response of
1 K. and Murty C.V.R. Frame Buildings with Soft exampled RC buildings with soft first
(1997) First Story Story in seismically active area
Studied a 3-Story R/C frame structure
Effects of infilled masonry
Korkmaz K. A., with different amount of masonry infill
walls on nonlinear
2 Demir F. and Sivri walls is considered to investigate the
structural behavior of
M. (2000) affect of infill walls on earthquake
precast concrete structures
response of these type of structures.
In a companion paper, a new finite element
technique for the analysis of brickwork infilled
Lateral Stiffness of Brick plane frames under lateral loads has been
Panagiotis G
3 Masonry Infilled Plane presented. In the present paper, the influence of
Asteris(2003) the masonry infill panel opening in the reduction
Frames
of the infilled frames stiffness has been investigated
by means of this technique

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

SR. AUTHOR OF
TITLE DESCRIPTION
NO. PAPER

Substructure Pseudo proposes a new technique for structural

Dynamic Test On RC control of RC buildings with soft storey by
4 Iwabuchi, K (2004) Building With Soft Story using ductile short columns as response
Controlled By HPFRCC control devices placed beside the existing
Device columns at the soft storey

“Brick Masonry Infill In

studied the comparative design of RC framed
Seismic Design of RC
Das D. and Murty building with various codal provisions and
5 Framed
C.V.R(2004) with Equivalent braced Framed Method in
Buildings: Part 1- Cost
the point of view of economy
Implications

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

SR. AUTHOR OF
TITLE DESCRIPTION
NO. PAPER
Non-Linear Numerical proposed a new buildings during
Ramdane et al Analyses To Improve The severe earthquake motions by allowing
6 (2004) Seismic Design Method For column sideway mechanism at the first
Soft First Story RC Building storey
studied the parametric performance on
an example building with a soft first
Seismic Performance of Soft
Verma, M. et al storey. They describe the performance
7 First Storey and Its
(2007) characteristics such as stiffness, shear
Improving Measures
force, binding moments and drift in
this paper.
studied the influence of vertical load on
Infilled Frames: Influence the equivalent diagonal strut model. An
Vertical Load On The equivalent diagonal pin-jointed strut
8 Amato G et al
Equivalent Diagonal Strut model, able to represent the stiffening
(2008)
Model effect of the infill in presence of vertical
loads, is given in this paper
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 SOFT STORY CONFIGURATION

• Equivalent Diagonal Strut

The elastic in-plane stiffness of a solid unreinforced masonry infill wall is

represented with an equivalent diagonal compression strut modeling.

• Brace Frame Model

RC frames with unreinforced masonry walls are modeled as Equivalent Braced
Frames (EBF) with infill walls replaced by Equivalent Struts

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 BRACE FRAME MODEL

The infill frames are idealized as an Equivalent Diagonal Braced Frames with
the diagonal compression struts pin connected to the frame corners.

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 BUILDING DETAILS
To study the behavior of RC frame building with soft storey, an apartment building with simple
symmetric plan is selected. Height of each storey is 3m. The building has plan dimensions
(40.32m x 14m) and is asymmetric in both orthogonal directions as shown. The building is
assumed to be located in seismic zone III and it has 25 stories and total eleven plane frames in all
directions. It is assume to be built on hard soil strata. In the analysis ordinary special RC moment-
resisting frame (OMRF) is considered.

1. Size of all beams = 250mm x 400mm ( Depends on structural requirements)

2. Size of all columns = 300mm x 500mm ( Depends on structural requirements)
3. Slab thickness = 150mm
4. Wall thickness = 230mm
5. Storey Height = 3000mm
6. Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
7. Unit weight of brick masonry = 19 kN/m3
8. M 25 Grade Concrete.
9. Modulus of Elasticity of concrete [17] =5000√fck = 25000 N/mm2
10. Modulus of Elasticity of brick masonry [1] = 6300 N/mm2
11. Poisons Ratio of concrete = 0.3
12. Poisons Ratio of masonry = 0.25
13. SBC of Soil – 300kn/sqmt
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 METHODOLOGY`
1.To focus on seismic performance of RCC building.

2.To inspect failure mechanism of building in earthquake conditions.

3.To describe the performance characteristics such as stiffness, axial force, shear force
and bending moment, etc. at soft Story column with soft Story at different floor level in
earthquake.

4.Checking suitability of soft Story at different floor level using software like Etabs ,
Staad Pro.

5.Suggesting remedial measure to minimize the stress concentration generated at soft

Story in earthquake.

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 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
The analysis is based on following assumption:
1. The building is laid in symmetrical grid and as such torsion is neglected.
2. Material is homogeneous, isotropic and elastic.
3. Each nodal point in the frame has six degree of freedom.
4. Secondary effects such as P-Delta, shrinkage and creep are not considered.

Etabs software is used for analysis of different plane frames, frames with soft storey at different
levels. For better understanding of pure seismic response of RC frames with soft stories at
different levels, only seismic forces are considered on frames at different floor level.

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 Finalisation of Topic
Area of Work

Literature Review
Study of concepts and theories Study of previous research papers

Data Collection
Architectural drawings Detailed Structural drawings

Execution
Modelling of structures in Give necessary data input Run for analysis and design
software

Analyse Data
Comparison of results

Results & Discussion

To find appropriate results and data

Conclusion

Suggestions for good improvement

Documentation

Final black book preparation

Flowchart Showing Methodology of Dissertation

18 M. Tech. (Structural Engineering) 2017-18 Sandip University

 CONCLUSION
A brief review of many literatures shows that the effect of infill walls of earthquake prone building
and performance these structure need to be well studied and based on that design parameter and
methods should developed to gain the benefits of it.
Structural infill panel walls are important to carry out effect on behavior of structure under
earthquake effect. Structural displacement and relative story drift of structure under earthquake are
affected by irregularities found in structure. As shown in results in pushover analysis , infill walls
are having very important effect on behavior of structure.
The provision of masonry and steel bracing considerably increase stiffness and it reduces the
lateral deflection and show normal drift profile while not touching parking utility. Steel bracings
are the more important found to be only in reducing stiffness irregularity, story drift and strength
demand in building with soft story while not touching utility. just in case of the soft story buildings
the bending moments and shear forces shear forces value are severely higher for soft storey
columns as compare to upper storey columns.

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 REFERENCES

1) Arlekar, J. N., Jain, S. K. and Murty, C.V.R., “Seismic Response of RC Frame Building
with Soft Storey”, Proceeding of CBRI Golden Jubilee Conference on Natural Hazards in Urban Habitat, New
Delhi. (1997)

2) Asteris, P. G., “Lateral Stiffness of Brick Masonry Infilled Plane Frames”, Journal Of Structural Engineering (ASCE) ,
1071-1079 , August (2003)

3) Amato, G., Cavaleri, L., Fossetti, M. and Papia, M., “Infilled Frames: Influence Vertical Load On The Equivalent
Diagonal Strut Model”, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China. October 12-17
(2008)

4) Binici, B. and Ozcebe, G., “Seismic Evaluation of Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames
Strengthened with FRPS”, Proceeding of the 8th U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San
Francisco, California, USA, Paper No. 1717, April 18-22 (2006)

5) Das, D. and Murty, C.V.R., “Brick Masonry Infill In Seismic Design of RC Framed
Buildings: Part 1- Cost Implications”, Indian Concrete Journal, 39-44, July (2004)

20 M. Tech. (Structural Engineering) 2017-18 Sandip University

 REFERENCES
6) Fardis, M. N. and Panagiotakos, T. B., “Seismic Design and Response of Bare and Masonry-infilled Reinforced Concrete
Buildings. Part II: Infilled Structures”, Journal of
Earthquake Engineering, Vol 1, Paper No 3, 475-503, (1997).

7) Iwabuchi, K., Fukuyama, H. and Suwada, H., “Substructure Pseudo Dynamic Test On RC Building With Soft Story
Controlled By HPFRCC Device”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper
No. 752, August 1-6 (2004)

8) Iwabuchi, K., Fukuyama, H. and Suwada, H., “Substructure Pseudo Dynamic Test On RC Building With Soft Story
Controlled By HPFRCC Device”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper
No. 752, August 1-6 (2004)

9) Korkmaz, K. A., Demir, F. and Sivri, M., “Earthquake Assessment of RC Structures With Masonry InfillWalls”
International Journal of Science & Technology Vol 2, No 2, 155-164, (2007).

10) Hori, N., Inoue,Y. and Inoue, N., “A Study On Energy Dissipating Behaviors And Response Prediction Of RC Structures
WithViscous Dampers Subjected To Earthquakes”, 13th World Conference On Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada, Paper No. 2, August 1-6 (2004)

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 REFERENCES
11) Ramdane, KE., Kusunoki, K., Keshigawara, M., and Kato, H., “Non-Linear Numerical
Analyses To Improve The Seismic Design Method For Soft First Story RC Building”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 2224, August 1-6 (2004)

12) Verma, M. B. and Zuhair, M., “Seismic Performance of Soft First Storey and Its Improving Measures”, 23rd National
Convention of Civil Engineers, Jabalpur Local Center, India, 83-87, October 27-28 (2007)

13) Kazuhiro, K. and Shinji, K., “Earthquake Resistant Performance Of Reinforced Concrete Frame Strengthened By Multi-
Story Steel Brace”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 3266,
August 1-6 (2004)

14) Komoto, H., Kojima, T., Mase,Y., Suzuki, K. and Wen, S., “Case Study on the Softfirst- story Buildings Strengthened
by Confined Concrete Columns”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Paper
No. 654, August 1-6 (2004)

15) IS 1893 (Part I): 2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Bureau of Indian Standard,
New Delhi

16) IS 456: 2000, Plain and Reinforced concrete – Code of Practice (Fourth Revision),
Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.

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 THANK YOU !

23 M. Tech. (Structural Engineering) 2017-18 Sandip University