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Formula Input Fagrafjell

The document discusses lightning current parameters for backflashover current calculations. It provides notations, descriptions, and formulas for calculating: 1. Critical line length and surge travel time along open bus connections. 2. Lightning withstand voltages and probability of maximum currents within an area of interest. 3. Shielding failure current based on phase conductor height and horizontal distance from ground wire. 4. Steepness and front times based on current amplitude. It also includes capacitance values and surge impedance calculations for various substation equipment ratings.

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Siddarthan Annamalai
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102 views16 pages

Formula Input Fagrafjell

The document discusses lightning current parameters for backflashover current calculations. It provides notations, descriptions, and formulas for calculating: 1. Critical line length and surge travel time along open bus connections. 2. Lightning withstand voltages and probability of maximum currents within an area of interest. 3. Shielding failure current based on phase conductor height and horizontal distance from ground wire. 4. Steepness and front times based on current amplitude. It also includes capacitance values and surge impedance calculations for various substation equipment ratings.

Uploaded by

Siddarthan Annamalai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fagrafjell Substation

Lightning Current Parameters for backflashover Current

S. No Notation Description
A Area of Interest
Ra
1 b Width between shield wire
H Structure Effective height
hgw Height of the shield wire at the tower
X(Critical Line Length) Critical Line Length
Surge Travel time along the longest
T possibleopen bus connection

L Longest possible open bus connection


2 K Corono Damping factor

Coordination Withstand Voltage of the


Ucw equipment or system
Lightning withstand voltage of the
Uresp Surge Arrestor
No. of lightning flashes to the line
Nsx in critical distance
Average annual ground flash density per
Ng year
3 Td No. of thunderstorm per year
Nd Design failure rate per year

Probability of maximum Current within


P(I) the area of interest

Lightning Current calculation for Direct Stroke

S. No Notation Description
1h height of the ground wire
2y height of the phase conductor
horizontal distance between phase
3a and ground conductor
4 rc
5 rg
6¥
7α
8 rgm
9 Im Maximum Shielding failure current
10 A Brown White head Model
11 b Brown White head Model
Fromula Unit
(2*Ra+b)*X*10^-3 Km2
14H^0.6 m
m
hgw-(2/3 mid span sag) m
m
(2*T)/[K*(Ucw-Uresp)] km

L/v m/s

6*10^-4 µs/kV/km

kV

kV

Ng*A Flashes/Year

0.04*Td^1.25 Flashes per year and Km2

Nd/Nsx

Fromula Unit
m
m

m
7.1*I^0.75
6.4*I^0.75
rc/rg
tan-1((a)/(h-y))
((h+y)/2)/(1-¥sinα)
(rgm/A)^(1/b)
6.4 ( Constant Value )
0.75( Constant Value )
Backflashover Current

S. No Notation Formula Values Unit


1 Ra m
2 b m
A
3 X km
0 Km
2
4 (2*Ra+b)*X*10^-3
5 T
6 K
7 X Ucw
8 Uresp
9 (2*T)/[K*(Ucw-Uresp)] #DIV/0! km
10 Td
11 Ng 0 Flashes per year and Km2
12 A Km2
P(I)
13 Nsx 0 Flashes/Year
14 Nd
15 P(I) #DIV/0!

Steepness and front time

S. No Notation Fromula Values Unit


1I Current Amplitude
2 Sm 3.9*I^0.55 0
3t 0.3*I^0.6 0
Shielding Failure Current

S. No Notation Formula Values Unit


1I
2 rc 7.1*I^0.75 0
3 rg 6.4*I^0.75 0
4¥ rc/rg #DIV/0!
5a
6h
7y
8 (a)/(h-y) #DIV/0!
9α tan-1((a)/(h-y))
10 rgm ((h+y)/2)/(1-¥sinα)
11 Im

S. No Notation Fromula Values Unit


1I Current Amplitude
2 Sm 3.8*I^0.93 0
3t 0.0342*I^0.87 0
((h+y)/2)/(1-¥sinα)
CAPACITANCE VALUE

CIRCUIT BREAKER

S.No kV
1 132
2 300
3 420

Current Transformer

S. No kV
1 132
2 300
3 420

Disconnector Switch

S. No kV
1 132
2 300
3 420

CVT

S. No kV
1 132
2 300
3 420
IT BREAKER

Capacitance Value Unit Reference


Capacitance to earth 150 pF IEC 60071-Part 4
Capacitance to earth 150 pF IEC 60071-Part 4

Capacitance to earth 600 pF IEC 60071-Part 4

Transformer

Description Values Units Remarks


Capacitance to earth 680 pF Reference IEC 60071-Part 4
Capacitance to earth 680 pF Reference IEC 60071-Part 4
Capacitance to earth 800 pF Reference IEC 60071-Part 4

ector Switch

Description Value Unit Remarks


capacitance to earth 200 pF IEC 60071-Part 4
capacitance to earth 200 pF IEC 60071-Part 4
capacitance to earth 160 pF IEC 60071-Part 4

CVT

Description Value Unit Remarks


capacitance 6000 pF Datasheet
capacitance 4500 pF Datasheet
capacitance 4500 pF Datasheet
Surge Impedance

S.No Notation Formula Unit


1Z √L/C Ω
Surge Arrestor

Definitions

d= Estimated height of the arrestor in metres


n= number of parallel columns of metal oxide in the arrestor

L0- Inductance from Magnetic Fields in the immediate vicinity of the arrestor
C- terminal to terminal capacitance

S. No Notation Formula unit


1 L1 15d/n µH
2 R1 65d/n Ω
3 L0 0.2d/n µH
4C 100n/d pF

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