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CHAPTER 7 and 8

This document discusses tools for analyzing societal issues and concerns. It describes two analysis tools: the cause and effect wheel and the tree analysis. The cause and effect wheel helps understand relationships between causes and effects by writing a central issue in concentric circles and exploring related effects. The tree analysis looks at effects and their contributing causes, with issues written on the roots, trunk, branches, and leaves to represent different problem stages.

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Antonette Punsalan
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94 views4 pages

CHAPTER 7 and 8

This document discusses tools for analyzing societal issues and concerns. It describes two analysis tools: the cause and effect wheel and the tree analysis. The cause and effect wheel helps understand relationships between causes and effects by writing a central issue in concentric circles and exploring related effects. The tree analysis looks at effects and their contributing causes, with issues written on the roots, trunk, branches, and leaves to represent different problem stages.

Uploaded by

Antonette Punsalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7

TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

These tools for analysis provides us with a much systematic way of looking and
analyzing different relevant societal concerns our country is currently facing.
Knowing and seeing the problem at its different facets will make it much easier
for us to identify and provide possible action steps or solutions to address them.

There are actually different countless tools for analysis. However, for our
module, these two tools were picked for their simple, yet interesting processes
of exploring different problems.

CAUSE AND EFFECT WHEEL

A cause and effect wheel is also known as concentric circles. This tool assists
students in understanding the relationships between cause and effect, action
and reaction.

Creating your wheel:

1. Draw a circle on a large sheet of paper.

2. Write the specified relevant societal concern at the innermost circle.

3. Proceed by making further circles building on the original cause in the middle.
Each of these circles focuses on exploring the effects in greater detail. You may
also consider the relationship between ideas not directly connected or reflect
on what might happen if the links were reversed.

THE TREE ANALYSIS

This tool enables you to look at effects and the causes that create or contribute
to those effects.

Steps in making your tree:


1. Initially start making your tree by identifying one particular issue to tackle.

2. Place your chosen issue at any portion of your tree [roots, trunks, branches
or leaves. Take note that each part of the tree represents one particular
problem stage as defined below:

• Roots - The bottom part of the tree that represents those issues perceived as
the root causes of other issues.

• Trunk - Defined as primary problems resulting from the issue identified at the
roots of your tree.

• Branches - Secondary concerns that off-shoots from the primary concerns


cited at the tree‘s trunk.

• Leaves - Pertains to the end-result of the different

• problems or issues you have given on your tree‘s roots, trunk and branches.
CHAPTER 8
THE COMMUNITY
THE COMMUNITY

Each and every one of us belongs to a particular community. Each and every
one of us also, may differ in defining what a community is. Our descriptions may
be based on the various books and magazines that we read, television shows
that we watched, and finally, on how we personally perceive our community
based on the numerous experiences that we‘ve had.

The term community was actually derived from the Latin word, communis, a
noun describing quality implying ―fellowship, community of relations and
feelings.

Webster‘s dictionaries, on the other hand, define a community as a body of


people living in the same place under the same laws (geographical); a body of
people having common interests (psychological).

One of the most common and simplest definitions was coined by R.M. McIver.
According to McIver, a community is:

“an aggregation of families and individuals settled in a fairly compact and


contiguous geographical area, with significant elements of common life, as
shown by manners, customs, traditions and modes of speech.”

According to this view, the term community was defined based on the elements
that it possesses. Other elements that a community may possess are the
following:

• GOALS NORMS

• POSITION AND ROLES

• Elected or not elected

• POWER

• LEADERSHIP INFLUENCE

• SOCIAL RANK

• Standing of person in the group

• REWARD AND PUNISHMENT

• HISTORY - From public documents, folk history, historical roots

• SPACE RELATIONS - Internal Relation: within the community


• EXTERNAL RELATION - Relation with other communities, nation and state

• RESOURCES - Human, man-made and natural

• TECHNOLOGY - Modern or indigenous; the technical know-how of the people

• KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS

• VALUES AND SENTIMENTS

TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
Geographic Has boundaries, territories
Urban/Rural The traditional way of classifying communities
Sectoral e.g. :Women, Youth, Farmers, Fisher folks
Functional Groups of people who share some common
interests or functions
Tribal/Indigenous e.g.: Aetas, Mangyans
Special Type e.g.: disabled, parishes, families

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