MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING undergoing examination and feeds this information into

the computer system

Name:_______________________________
Producing MRI
BS ECE V-3
The computer system creates images and scan using a
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a __________
specific mathematical formula known as the ‟Fourier
spectroscopic imaging technique used in medical
Transformˮ, which brings us to the ‟i________gˮ part of
settings to produce images of the inside of the human
the device. The images show a layout of various tissue
body to diagnose diseases.
types that have been scanned in a particular part of the
History body.

1882- Nikola Tesla first described the rotating magnetic The MRI system uses _______ that alter the magnetic
field field in the tissue being examined. Since normal and
abnormal tissues respond differently to this alteration,
1922- Proton’s magnetic moment by ____________ the different signals allow the doctors to identify exactly
1937- Isidor Isaac Rabi discovered that when a magnetic what and where the problem is within the body. This
field is applied to molecules, they could produce process can be thought of as the following: If Alteration
________ at specific frequency (NMR). = A, then Normal Cells = B; however, if Alteration = A,
then Abnormal Cells = other variety of results.
1946- Elucidation of NMR phenomena by Felix Bloch
and Edward Mills Purcell It uses more than ________ shades of gray

1971- Raymond Damadian suggested that MR Types of MRI

__________ could be used to distinguish cancer. 1. Extremity MRI
1973- Paul Lauterbur produced the first images using uses a large tube-shaped device, an extremity
gradients to spatially encode the NMR signal called MRI uses a smaller scanner designed specifically
“________________”. for the body's extremities such as arms and
legs.
1975- Richard Ernst showed that the nature of the MRI 2. Open MRI
signal has the mathematical properties of a An open MRI is open on the sides or features
____________ wider openings, still requiring the patient to lie
1977- Peter Mansfield was able to dramatically shorten on a sliding table.
the lengthy zeugmatography by Fourier method 3. _ Tesla MRI
This type of closed MRI uses magnetic fields
Parts of MRI that have double the strength of a traditional
MRI machine, thus producing an even more
- Magnet
detailed image in less time.
It allows the MRI machine to produce high quality of Advantages of MRI
images.  Non-invasive
 Doesn’t use radiation
- Gradient Coils
 No known biological hazards or side effects to
It cause the magnetic field within a localized area to humans
vary linearly as a function of spatial location  Can give a variety of image types and angles of
a single area on the body without moving
- _____________________  Very high quality images that uses more than
to transmit radio frequency waves into the patient’s 250 shades of gray to differentiate various parts
body of a tissue.
Disadvantages of MRI
- Patient’s Table Χ Machine is extremely expensive
This component simply slides the patient into the MRI Χ Require patients to be in the machine for a long
machine period of time
Χ Patients are required to be absolutely
- Antenna/Computer System motionless
Χ Can become life threatening if caution isn’t
The antenna is a very sensitive device that easily
detects the RF signals emitted by a patient’s body while taken
Χ Allergic Reaction
Χ Fetal Damage Risk
Χ Sedative Reaction
Advancement in MRI
1. Multi-Contrast MRI Images From a Single
Acquisition
2. Software Greatly Reduces MRI Scan Times
3. FDA Clears First 7T MRI System
4. Silent MRI Scanning
-RPA & JLDS