Modul 04-Network Operating System PDF
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Martyn OlaModul 04-Network Operating System PDF
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Martyn OlaModul 04-Network
Operating System
CCNA Routing and Switching
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
IOS Bootcamp
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IOS Bootcamp
Cisco IOS
Operating Systems
• PC OS allows users to interact with the computer
• User-computer interaction in PC OSs are often done
via mouse, keyboard and monitor
• Cisco IOS is also an Operating System
• Cisco IOS allows users to interact with Cisco devices.
Cisco IOS enables a technician to:
• Use a keyboard to run CLI-based network programs.
• Use a keyboard to enter text and text-based
commands.
• View output on a monitor.
All Cisco networking devices come with a
default IOS.
It is possible to upgrade the IOS version or
feature set.
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IOS Bootcamp
Cisco IOS Access
Access Methods
• Console
• Auxiliary
• Virtual Terminal (Telnet / SSH)
Terminal Emulation Programs
• PuTTY
• Tera Term
• SecureCRT
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IOS Bootcamp
Navigate the IOS
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
• Initial configuration must be done via console connection
• Configuration is then done via various CLI command modes.
Primary Command Modes
• User EXEC Mode
• Privileged EXEC Mode
Configuration Command Modes
• The Configure Terminal command enters the Global Configuration Mode.
• Sub-configuration modes are accessible from the Privileged EXEC Mode.
• Examples are: swtich(config-line)# and switch(config-if)#
Navigate Between IOS Modes
• Navigation between modes is also done via commands.
• The enable command enters the Privileged EXEC Mode.
• The exit commands exits to the parent command mode.
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IOS Bootcamp
The Command Structure
Basic IOS Command Structure
• The general syntax for a command is the command followed by any
appropriate keywords and arguments.
• Keyword - a specific parameter defined in the operating system
• Argument - not predefined; a value or variable defined by the user
IOS Command Syntax
• Provides the pattern or format that must be used when entering a command.
• The Cisco IOS Command Reference is the ultimate source of information for a
particular IOS command.
IOS Help Feature
• The IOS has two forms of help available: Context-Sensitive Help and
Command Syntax Check.
Hotkeys and Shortcuts
• Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of
characters that identify a unique selection.
• Line editing keyboard shortcuts such as Ctrl-A are also supported.
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Basic Device Configuration
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Basic Device Configuration
Hostnames
Device Names
• Hostnames allow devices to be identified by network administrators over a
network or the Internet.
• Very important and should also be displayed in the topology.
Configure Hostnames
• IOS hostnames should:
• Start with a letter
• Contain no spaces
• End with letter or digit
• Use only letters, digits or dashes
• Be less than 64 characters in length
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Basic Device Configuration
Limit Access to Device Configurations
Secure Device Access
• Secure privileged EXEC and user EXEC access with a
password.
• Secure virtual terminal lines with a password.
Configure Passwords
• Use strong passwords.
• Avoid re-using passwords
Encrypt Passwords
• Cisco IOS displays passwords in plain text by default.
• Passwords should be encrypted.
Banner Messages
• Important part of the legal process in the event that someone is
prosecuted for breaking into a device.
• Wording that implies that a login is "welcome" or "invited" is not
appropriate.
• Often used for legal notification because it is displayed to all
connected terminals.
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Basic Device Configuration
Save Configurations
Save the Running Configuration File
• File stored in NVRAM that contains all of the
commands that will be used upon startup or reboot
• NVRAM does not lose its contents when the device is
powered off.
Alter the Running Configuration
• File stored in RAM that reflects the current
configuration, modifying affects the operation of a
Cisco device immediately.
• RAM loses all of its content when the device is
powered off or restarted.
Capture Configuration to a Text File
• Configuration files can also be saved and archived to
a text document.
• The configuration can then be edited with any text
editor and placed back in the device.
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Address Schemes
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Address Schemes
Ports and Addresses
IP Addresses
• Each end device on a network must be configured with an
IP address.
• Enable devices to establish end-to-end communication on
the Internet.
• The structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted decimal
notation and is represented by four decimal numbers
between 0 and 255.
• IPv6 is the most recent version of IP and the replacement
for the more common IPv4.
Interface and Ports
• Network communications depend on interfaces and the
cables that connect them.
• Different types of network media have different features
and benefits.
• Ethernet is the most common local area network (LAN)
technology.
• SVI provides a means to remotely manage a switch over a
network.
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Address Schemes
Configure IP Addressing
Manual IP Address Configuration for End
Devices
• To manually configure an IPv4 address on a
Windows host, open the Control Panel > Network
Sharing Center > Change adapter settings and
choose the adapter.
• Next right-click and select Properties to display the
Local Area Connection Properties shown in Figure
1.
Automatic IP Address Configuration for
End Devices
• DHCP enables automatic IPv4 address
configuration for every end device that has DHCP
enabled. No extra configuration is needed.
Switch Virtual Interface Configuration
• To configure an SVI on a switch, use the interface
vlan 1 global configuration command. Vlan 1 is not
an actual physical interface but a virtual one.
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Address Schemes
Verifying Connectivity
Interface Addressing Verification
• Cisco IOS supports commands to
allow IP configuration verification.
End-To-End Connectivity Test
• The ping command can be used to
test connectivity to another device on
the network or a website on the
Internet.
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Lab Basic Cisco Configuration
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