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REINFORCED CONCRETE
DESIGN 1

Design of Beam
(Examples and Tutorials)
by
Dr. Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources
maszura@ump.edu.my

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam simply
supported on two mansory walls 200 mm thick and
6 m apart. The beam has to carry a distributed
permanent action of 10 kN/m (excluding beam self-
weight) and variable action of 8 kN/m. The beam is
inside building subject to a 1 hour fire resistance
and design for 50 years design life. Design the beam
with deflection and crack check. Illustrate the beam
detailing. Use concrete characteristic strength, fck =
30 N/mm2 and steel characteristic strength, fyk =
500 N/mm2

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Specification Materials
Effective span, L =6m Concrete Char. strength, fck = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic action:
Steel char. strength, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Permanent, gk = 15 kN/m
Variable, qk = 10 kN/m Links char. strength, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Design Life = 50 years Reinforced concrete unit weight = 25
Fire resistance = R60 kN/m3
Exposure classes = XC1
Use , bar 1 = 20 mm
bar 2 = 12 mm
links = 8 mm

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Beam Size
Overall depth, h = L/14 = 6000/13 = 462 mm
Try: b x h = 200 x 500 mm
Width, b = 0.4 (h) = 0.4 x 462 = 185 mm
Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements
Min. cover with regards to bond, Cmin,b = 20 mm
Min. cover with regards to durability, Cmin,dur = 15 mm
Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance, asd
asd = 30+10 = 40 mm
Min. cover regards to fire, Cmin = asd - links - bar /2
= 40 – 8 – 20/2 = 22 mm
Allowance in design for deviation, Cdev = 10 mm
Nominal cover, Cnom
Cnom = Cmin + Cdev = 22 + 10 = 32 mm Use: Cnom = 35 mm

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
LOADING & ANALYSIS
Beam self-weight = 0.2 x 0.5 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m
Permanent load (Excluding self-weight) = 10 kN/m
Total Charc. Permenant action = 12.5 kN/m
Charc. Variable action = 8 kN/m

Design Action, wd = 1.35 gk + 1.5qk = 28.88 kN/m

Shear force, V
V = wdL/2 = 28.88 * 6 /2 = 86.64 kN

Bending Moment, M
M = WdL2/8 = 28.88 x 62/8 = 130 kNm

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
MAIN REINFORMENT
Effective depth,
d = h – Cnom - link - bar/2 = 500 – 35 – 8 – 20/2 = 447 mm
d’ = Cnom + link + bar/2 = 35 + 8 + 20/2 = 53 mm

Design bending moment, MEd = 193 kNm

K = M /bd2fck , Kbal = 0.167
= 130 x106 / (200 x 4472 x 30)
= 0.108 < Kbal : No compression reinforcement required

z = d[ 0.5 + (0.25 –K/1.134) 1/2]

= 0.89 d = 0.89 x 447
= 398 mm

x = (d – z) / 0.4 = 191 mm
Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin
Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Area of tension steel
As = M/0.87fykz
Use :
= 130 x106/(0.87 x 500 x 398)
= 751 mm2 3H20 (As = 943 mm2)

Minimun and maximum reinforcement area,

Asmin = 0.26 (fctm / fyk ) bd
= 0.26 (2.9/500) bd > 0.0013bd
= 0.0015 bd > 0.0013bd use 0.0015bd
= 135 mm2

Asmax = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x b x h = 0.04 x 200 x 500

= 4000 mm2

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Design shear force, VEd = 86.64 kN
Concrete strut capacity
VRd, max = 0.36bwfck (1 – fck/250)
(cot  + tan )
= 655 kN ---------  = 22 deg cot  = 2.5
= 950 kN --------- = 45 deg cot  = 1.0
VEd < VRd, max cot  = 2.5
VEd < VRd, max cot  = 1.0

--- Therefore angle  = 220

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Shear links
Asw / s = VEd / 0.78 fykd cot  = 0.513VEd/fykd
= 0.513 x 86.64 x 103 / (500 x 447)
= 0.199
Use links: H8. Asw = 101 mm2
Spacing, s = Asw/0.199 = 101/0.199
= 508 mm
Maximum spacing, Svmax = 0.75d = 335 mm < 508 mm : use
300 mm

Use: H8 - 300

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Additional longitudinal reinforcement
Additional tensile force,
Ftd = 0.5 VEd cot  = 0.5 x 86.64 x 103 x 2.5
= 108.3 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = Ftd / 0.87 fyk = 108.3 x 103 / (0.87 x 500)
= 249 mm2
Use :1H20 (As = 314 mm2)
To be added to the As near support (after curtailment)

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement
 = As req / bd = 751 / (200 x 447) = 0.0084
Reference reinforcement ratio.
o = (fck)1/2 x 10-3 = (30) 1/2 x x 10-3 = 0.0055
Factor for structural system , K = 1.0
o = 0.0055 <  = 0.0084

𝑙 𝜌𝑜 1 𝜌′
Use =𝐾 11+1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌−𝜌′+12 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌
𝑑
l/d = 1.0 [ 11 + ( 1.5 (30)1/2 x 0.655) + 3.2 x (30)1/2 x (0)1/2]
=1.0 [11 + 5.38 + 0] = 16.38

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
Therefore basic span-effective depth ratio , l/d = 16.38

Modification factor for steel area provided,

- Tension = Asprov / Asreq = 943 / 751 = 1.26 < 1.5

Therefore allowable span effective depth, (l/d) allowable

(l/d) allowable = 16.38 x 1.26 = 20.64

Actual span effective depth, (l/d)actual

(l/d)actual = 6000/447 = 13.42
(l/d) allowable > (l/d)actual  OK
Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin
Example 1: Simply supported beam design -
Rectangular
CRACKING
Limiting crack width, wmax = 0.3 mm
Steel stress, fs
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐺𝑘+0.3𝑄𝑘 1 500 12.5+0.3 𝑥 8
fs = x = x
1.15 1.35𝐺𝑘+1.5𝑄𝑘  1.15 1.35(12.5)+1.5(8)
= 224 N/mm2

Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm

Actual bar spacing, s = [ h – 2(Cnom) – 2(links) - 20]/2
= [200 – 2(35) – 2(8) – 20]/2 = 47 mm

Actual = 47 mm < Allow, 200 mm  OK

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Tutorial 1: Simply supported beam

Figure below shows a 5.5 m simply supported beam with size of

150 x 350 mm. The characteristic permanents and variable
action acting on the beam are 3.0 kN/m (excluding self-weight
and brick wall) and 3.5 kN/m. This beam has to support the brick
wall with 3.3 m height.

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Tutorial 1: Simply supported beam

The properties of the beam are as follows:

Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Unit weight of brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2
Concrete characteristic strength, fck = 25 N/mm2
Steel characteristic strength, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Nominal cover, cnom = 25 mm
Use main reinforcement, main = 20 mm
Use shear reinforcement, link = 6 mm

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Tutorial 1: Simply supported beam

By using the data above,

a) Calculate design load, bending moment and shear forced for the
beam
b) Provide the main reinforcement for the beam
c) Provide the shear reinforcement for the beam
d) Check the beam due to the deflection
e) Skecth the detailing for this beam

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Tutorial 2: Continuous beam

Design the continuous beam (3/A-D) in figure below with beam detailing.

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Tutorial 2: Continuous beam

The beam and slab will be casted monolithically. Use the

following data to design the beam.

fck= 30N/mm2
fyk= 500N/mm2
Cover, c = 25 mm
φmain reinforcement = 8 mm
qk,slab= 1.5kN/m2
Slab fnishing = 1.0 kN/m2
Slab thickness, hslab = 150 mm
beam size, b x h = 150 x 400 mm

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin

 Lecturer Information (Authors)
Dr. Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin
Dr. Fadzil Mat Yahaya
Dr. Chin Siew Choo
Dr. Gul Ahmed Jokhio
Cik Shariza Mat Aris
Pn. Roslina Omar
Dr. Cheng Hock Tian
Cik Norhaiza Ghazali

Design of Beam (Examples and Tutorials) by Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin