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Stress: Engr. Estanislao M. Pialago Jr. PME

This document defines stress as the force per unit area on a body that causes it to change shape. It then discusses different types of stresses including tensile, compressive, shear, bearing, torsional, bending, and angular deformation stresses. Formulas are provided for calculating each type of stress given known forces and dimensions. An example problem demonstrates calculating the diameter of a shaft given the torque, power, and shear stress. An assignment problem is also presented involving calculating the maximum shear stress and total angle of twist in a shaft.

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159 views16 pages

Stress: Engr. Estanislao M. Pialago Jr. PME

This document defines stress as the force per unit area on a body that causes it to change shape. It then discusses different types of stresses including tensile, compressive, shear, bearing, torsional, bending, and angular deformation stresses. Formulas are provided for calculating each type of stress given known forces and dimensions. An example problem demonstrates calculating the diameter of a shaft given the torque, power, and shear stress. An assignment problem is also presented involving calculating the maximum shear stress and total angle of twist in a shaft.

Uploaded by

Brian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS

ENGR. ESTANISLAO M. PIALAGO JR.


PME
STRESS

Stress is the force per unit area on a body that


tends to cause it to change shape.

The term stress (S) is used to express the


loading in terms of force applied to a certain
cross-sectional area of an object.

FORCE OR LOAD lb. kg. kN.


S=
AREA in2 m2 m2
DEFINATION OF TERMS

1. Ultimate Stress, Su = stress that would cause failure


2. Yield Stress, Sy = maximum stress without causing
deformation (within elastic limit)
3. Allowable Stress (or Safe Stress) = Ultimate Stress
(Su) divided by Factor of Safety (FS)
4. Design Stress, Sd = stress used in determining the
size of a member = Su/FS or Sy/FS
5. Working Stress, Sw = stress actually occurring under
operating conditions
6. Endurance Limit or Fatigue Limit, Se = maximum
stress that will not cause failure when the force is
reversed indefinitely
TYPES OF STRESSES

1. Tensile stress
2. Compressive stress
3. Shear stress
4. Bearing stress
5. Torsional stress
6. Bending stress
7. Angular deformation
TENSILE STRESS

w/r:
= Tensile stress
F = Force
A = Area
COMPRESSIVE STRESS

w/r:
= Compressive stress
F = Force
A = Area
SHEAR STRESS

w/r:
= Shearing stress
F = Force
A = Area
BEARING STRESS

w/r:
= Bearing stress
F = Force
L = Length
D = Diameter
TORSIONAL STRESS
BENDING STRESS
(For hollow shaft)

w/r:
C‘= RO =
I = (Do⁴– Di ⁴)
M = moment of inertia
Use + if, for lower side of the shaft
subject to torsion
Use – if, for upper side of the shaft
subject to compression
STRAIN, ELONGATION

Y
Strain =
L
L

E = Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)


stress
=
strain Where:
Y = elongation
L = length
FL
Y = A = area
AE S = stress
ANGULAR DEFORMATION

w/r:
= angular deformation
T = torque
L = Length
G = Shear modulus of elasticity J=
J = Polar moment of inertia
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A solid cylindrical shaft 48.2 cm long is need for a


transmission of mechanical power at a rate of 37 kW
running at1760 rpm. The shearing stress is 8.13 MPa.
Calculate the diameter of the shaft.

Given:
L = 48.2 cm
P = 37 kW
N = 1760 rpm
Ss = 8.13 Mpa

Required:
D=?
 
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Solution:

From the formula of Shearing Stress of Solid Shaft;


Ss = 16T / D3

Solving for Torque, T:


P = 2TN
Substitute:
37 = 2T (1760/60)
T = 0.2 kN-m

Then, substitute to the shearing stress formula;


8130 = 16 (0.2) / D3
D = 50 mm
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

A motor delivers 50 HP at 120 rpm to a shafting 1.5 inches diameter and 3


 feet long. Compute the maximum shearing stress produced by torsion and
the total angle of twist in the shaft. G = 12 x 106 psi.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A steel shaft 3 ft long that has a diameter of 4 in is


subjected to a torque of 15 kip·ft. Determine the
maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist. Use G
= 12 × 106 psi.
 
=

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