Ormoc Lccap
Ormoc Lccap
Box 1. Set of Indicative Tests for Urban Heat Island Effect ...................................................................... 40
Adaptation. Process of reducing harm and benefiting from the opportunities of current and projected
climate in people and environment (both natural and built).
Baseline. Dataset where climate projections are compared. This refers to data observed from 1971-2000.
Biodiversity. Presence of living organisms in both aquatic and terrestrial systems described with its
quantity and quality in a given observation period.
Canopy. Refers to roofs of building and houses, top of trees or any other vegetation cover, and other
structures elevated from the ground.
Climate. Average and variability of atmospheric conditions (temperature, precipitation, and wind) over a
period of time (at least 30 years).
Climate change. Shift on the average and variability of atmospheric conditions (temperature,
precipitation, and wind) due to natural changes in the environment and anthropogenic sources altering
the atmosphere composition.
Coral bleaching. Whitening of corals from loss of symbiotic algae, mainly caused by increase in sea surface
temperature.
Disaster risk reduction. Practice of managing the causes of hazards to reduce damages.
Ecosystem. The interaction of living and non-living elements based on function and location.
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Changes in ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific, and sea level
pressure. Its cold phase is La Niña.
Emission. Gases emitted to the atmosphere posted by trigger – fire or land use.
Exposure. Units of people, natural environment and built environment within susceptible areas of natural
hazards.
Extreme weather event. Time-specific and location-specific weather that is beyond historical and regular
conditions.
Global warming. Increase in average surface temperature caused by GHG trapping radiation intended to
be release outside the atmosphere.
Land use. Human activities in particular region of land area, resulting to its possible changes.
Landfall. Event of typhoon center directly above land form from the ocean.
Mangrove. Plant or forest growing in the intertidal zones of marine coastal ecosystems.
Mitigation. Reducing sources of GHG emissions or enhancing carbon sinks for its removal.
Monsoon. Seasonal wind flow with rainfall due to temperature changes in ocean and land – southwest
monsoon (habagat), and northeast monsoon (amihan).
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). Geographic region under the responsibility of Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) weather monitoring.
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Basis of climate scenarios in climate research assuming
emissions and concentrations of GHGs, aerosols and chemically active gases, land use/land cover.
Resilience. State of immediate recovery from or absence of negative impacts of climate change and
natural disaster.
Risk. Characteristics of area with exposed units susceptible to hazards that is highly influenced by its
frequency or likelihood of occurrence.
Sea-level rise. Increase in mean sea level cause by change in its volume.
Susceptibility. Characteristics of hazard based on geological and natural conditions that will affect the
exposed units, and considered in prioritizing risk.
Tropical cyclone. Refers to tropical depressions, tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons – low pressure
systems with inward winds in circularly symmetric spiral, with intense rain and winds.
Urban heat island. Urban areas have relative warmer surface temperature compared to rural areas due
to concrete structures and absence of natural vegetation cover.
Vulnerability. Condition of exposed units to climate impacts and natural disasters, high adaptive capacity
may lower vulnerability.
Climate change characterized by increasing temperature at +2.1 C and increasing rainfall at +220 mm
under the mid-century of RCP 8.5 scenario poses impacts to population, natural and built environments –
particularly the production zones in the east, and urban areas in the city center. Increase in temperature
will lead to degradation of mangroves and forest, decline in fish catch, intensification of surface
temperature in the urban centers, decrease in production and water supply. Increase in precipitation,
coupled with increase in frequency and intensity of typhoon events, will lead to flood events that results
to decline in agricultural produce, destruction of both private properties and public facilities, and stoppage
of economic activities. The city experienced two major disasters TY Uring (Thelma) in 1991 causing
flashflood with 4,000 deaths, and TY Yolanda (Haiyan) in 2013 causing PhP 2. 059 billion damages in
agriculture. The city will take advantage of the excessive rainfall to capture, store, and re-use for domestic
and public use.
These impacts will further worsen the social and economic conditions of people – particularly the 8, 000
workers in the informal economy, 1, 686 fisher folks, and the 4, 540 farmers. There are 73 barangays with
109, 673 people in 27,359 households within flood-prone areas. This includes 1,892 informal settlers,
1,988 houses made from light materials, and 14, 892 families under poverty line. From this, 29 barangays
in 445.17 hectares valued at PhP 13.36 billion is detected at high risk. In terms of agricultural production,
there are 32 barangays with 2, 510.17 hectares of productive lands susceptible to flood, which 16
barangays in 297.60 hectares amounting to PhP 13.16 million at high risk.
These climate impacts are coupled with susceptibility on geologic hazards – earthquake, consequent
liquefaction or tsunami in an active volcanic zone. Landslide and storm surge are also susceptible with
possible impact of at least PhP 32.97 billion, affecting 109, 880 people.
In 2017, the greenhouse gas emissions is at 151,493.2035 tonnes CO2e highly attributed to agricultural
production (64.21%) and livestock (43.32%). Forest sink accounts to removal of about 35.17%. Electricity
consumption in the city accounts to public infrastructure and other uses at 18.20%, residential use at
14.93%, and commercial use at 2.67%. This is projected to increase at 198,182.43 tonnes CO2e if no
reduction efforts will be implemented. This provides high potential for reduction through increasing
carbon sink, changing facilities with low electricity requirement, and changes in its use. Sources of renewal
energy, Tongonan Thermal Geothermal Field and Dolores Solar Farms, are operating in the city.
This plan outlines adaptation and mitigation objectives and initiatives of the city from 2019 to 2030. This
plan is implemented with the following tools – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment of the Housing and
Land Use Regulatory Board, Community-level GHG Inventory of the Climate Change Commission, based
on Enhanced LGU Guidebook on the Formulation of Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) Book 3 of
the Local Government Academy of Department of Interior and Local Government. This is supported by
the United Nations Human Settlements Program through the Building Resiliency through Urban Plans
and Designs (BCRUPD) Project and the Vertical Integration and Learning for Low-Emission Development
(V-LED) Project.
The forest ecosystem include the NIPAS-declared Lake Danao Natural Park with total land area of 140
hectares. This serves as water source of the nearby towns of Dagami, Palo, Tanauan and Pastrana. There
are two smaller lakes both situated within the Tongonan Geothermal Reservation Field: Lake Kasudsuran
(12.83 ha) in Barangay Ga-as in the southeast, while Lake Janagdan (2.88 ha) in Barangay Cabintan in the
northeast.
Northeastern and western portions of the city are characterized by rolling to moderately steep (Class P)
lands with slope ranging from 18% to 30% account for 20.35% (9,448.51 hectares) of land area.
The remaining 6.68% (3,101.52 hectares) in the central and eastern region of the city are moderately
sloping to rolling (Class O) lands with slope ranging from 8% to 18% appropriate for seasonal and
permanent crop production.
Basaltic hills have well-drained soils with moderate to high fertility. Gently sloping volcanic piedmont and
meta-volcanic hills have soils with very low fertility. Other landform categories have fine loamy and well-
drained soils.
Coastal plains have poor to well-drained soils with high organic matter content. The broad alluvial plains
have fine to medium fine clayey soils that are poorly drained but fertile, such as the Luisiana Clay, the
Guimbalaon Clay, the Palompon Clay and the Madellin Clay.
Several rivers and streams traverse the plains of Ormoc and serve as water sources for the vast agricultural
lands. Potable water sources include Bao River in the north, Pagsangaan River in the east, Bagongbong
River and Panilahan River in the south, and Anilao River and Malbasag River that border the eastern and
western portion of the city proper.
The Anilao River and the Malbasag River are the two major rivers that drain the Ormoc Watershed. In the
northern part of the watershed is the 13-kilometer Anilao river system with three main tributaries, namely
Panagbongon, Magasue and Matutugnaw. In the southern part is the 10-kilometer Malbasag river system
with a small tributary upstream called Ogmok. All in all, the river network spans approximately 64
kilometers.
Irrigation canals are integrated in Ormoc’s network of waterways. These canals are constructed and
maintained by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) in order to cater to the rice-producing
barangays in the northeast of city.
Western and southwestern portions are nearly level to undulating lands forming the Ormoc Valley. Level
to nearly level (Class M) lands and very gently sloping to undulating (Class N) lands constitute around
22.77% (10,572.11 hectares) and 22.08% (10,251.74 hectares) of the total land area, respectively. Suitable
Areas beyond the city center are large highly-restricted agricultural lands that are irrigated and covered
by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
As per records of the City Agriculture Office – Fisheries Division, there are 226.58 hectares of marine
reserve areas and fish sanctuaries declared from 2003 to 2006 by the local government in 9 barangays
protecting seagrasses and reefs. Mangrove forests covers 945 hectares in barangays of Naungan, Lao, and
San Juan with 17 species.
Ormoc City is prone to floods (riverine and flashfloods), rain-induced landslides, typhoons and storm
surges, ground rupture, and earthquakes that may result to liquefaction and tsunamis. Areas that are
most at exposed are the barangays along the coast, including the city center, and the production areas.
There are 110 barangays in Ormoc, classified as 31 urban, 10 urban coastal, 63 rural, and 6 rural coastal
barangays. The 35% of the population is currently living in the urban center, where commercial and
institutional spaces are also concentrated.
By 2030, at the end of the implementation of this plan, the population will increase to 300, 688 by natural
growth. By mid to late 2040s, the population is expected to double.
The city economic base is transitioning from agriculture to commerce with its economic value and
employment, in accordance to spatial development strategy. As of records of the Business Permits,
Franchising and Licensing Office in 2017, there are 6, 779 businesses registered categorized into 171
banks, 189 manufacturing, 2, 078 retails and 4, 341 services. These include new registrations for 16
banking and financing institutions, 46 manufacturing, 522 retails, and 789 services. The capital asset of
the service sector is valued at PhP 40.6 billion, retail sector at PhP 7.7 billion, manufacturing at PhP 5.8
billion, while banks at PhP 754 million. Service sector employs the largest with 8, 140 males and 3, 542
females, while retail employs 2, 943 males and 2, 821 females. Increasing the inflow and outflow of goods,
services, and people is facilitated with the presence of commercial and transportation facilities – Ormoc
Port (2,670.50 sqm) operated by the Philippine Ports Authority, and currently under renovation Ormoc
Airport (52 ha) operated by Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines.
As per 2015 records, agriculture remains widely participated with total identified protected agricultural
land at 7, 494, currently utilized at 5, 791.5 ha with 4, 337.5 ha irrigated. For non-irrigated production land
currently summed at 17, 756 ha will decrease to 14, 516,72 ha high characterized by 10, 707.75 ha
plantation of highly valued crops (5, 736 ha for sugarcane, 3, 160 ha for coconut, and 850 ha for
pineapple), 1, 151 ha of grazing lands, and 961 ha of corn fields. In 2017, livestock production is highly
commercial, accounted with the following: swine (32, 843), cattle (1, 591), carabao (1, 582), goat (1, 315),
and poultry (4, 965, 354). While, aquaculture is dominantly commercially operated in fishponds with 254
ha, and backyard operates within 3.33 hectares of fishpond and 0.114 ha of fish cages. There are 4, 540
rice farmers and 4, 474 fisher folks in the city. The city accounts for significant share of food production
in Eastern Visayas serving as a natural “bagsakan” (drop-off point) for fishing and farming produce in
Leyte.
The city currently identified a total of 833.78 ha of industrial land, to be expanded to 893.62 ha. However,
this is highly underutilized.
Tongonan Geothermal Power, the biggest in Asia supplying both to the region and Luzon, is operating in
the city shared with the Municipality of Kanangga. Its five (5) power plants produce 708 megawatts, which
is 37% of the estimated gross potential reserves of the country at 5,000 megawatts. The power plants also
accounts 60% of the country’s installed capacity in the southern parts of Luzon and the Visayas of via sub-
sea cables.
The climate information is based from the recent projection data generated by the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Climate scenarios are presented
into two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP 4.5 (intermediate emissions) and RCP 8.5 (high
emissions). The RCP 8.5 data is used in this plan.
The greenhouse gas inventory applied the methodology for community-level assessment developed by
the Climate Change Commission. Information from the inventory allows the city to determine local
mitigation targets as part of its climate action plan. This is the first greenhouse gas inventory of the city.
The new approach in assessing climate and disaster risk with land use as spatial unit of analysis released
by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board is applied on this plan. This aligns on the inclusion of hazard
as function of risk together with vulnerability and susceptibility.
This plan complies with the prescriptions of LCCAP Guidebook 3 developed by the Local Government
Academy of the Department and Interior Local Government.
This plan enhancement initiative is supported by the United Nations Human Settlements Program through
its two projects – Building Resiliency through Urban Plans and Designs (BCRUPD) and the Vertical
Integration and Learning for Low-Emission Development (V-LED).
The plan will be implemented for the next 11 years, from 2019 to 2030.
Contact Persons
Ciriaco Tolibao II
Head, City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
Raoul Cam
Head, City Planning and Development Office
The average annual temperature in Ormoc for the last three years are as follows: 27.36 C (2015), 27.02 C
(2016), and 26.51 C (2017). On the same period, hottest day is recorded in May 2016 at 34.90 C, and
coolest March 2015 at 19.30 C.
The total annual precipitation for the last three years are as follows: 1257.92 mm (2015), 1427.16 mm
(2016), and 1867.14 mm (2017). The wettest month recorded is September 2017 with 324.80 mm. In the
same year, there are 184 days with rain, while there are 106 days in 2015, and 173 days in 2016.
The prevailing wind direction is West-North-West, with average speed of 1.90 m/s (2015), 1.52 m/s (2016),
0.58 m/s (2017). However, wind direction in September 2017 moves variably in South-South-East
direction, and observed from August to October of the same year.
With regards to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the recent very significant El Nino season of 2015-
2016, had reported damages of PhP 22.453 million in six barangays of Curva, Lao, Licuma, Margen, Rufina
M. Tan, and Liloan. As per 31 May 2015, Leyte is initially listed to experience drought or three-consecutive
months with more than 60% rainfall reduction compared to normal among other 30 provinces. However,
31 July 2015 assessment restricted the list to 5, excluding the province. The is comparable to very
significant El Nino season of 1997-1998 resulting to 70% of the country under drought, with PhP 3 billion
of corn damages, water shortages, forest fires, and sickness. For the late quarter of 2018, the ENSO is
expected to increase onset of El Nino by 65% to 70%.
There are 9 typhoons since 1970 that landfall in Ormoc, including Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in 2013. The
other typhoons had maximum wind speed range of 19.03 m/s (TY Judy, 1974) up to 43.75 m/s (TY Garding
(Axel), 1994). These incidence are observed to be frequent during the months of November and
December, when the prevailing monsoon is the Northeast Monsoon (Amihan). This climate system brings
more rainfall in the origin of its wind in eastern Philippines beside the warm West Pacific Ocean towards
the temperate regions in Asia. Three typhoons where recorded towards the end of NEM, and start of
Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) usually in May – TY Diding (Wanda) in 1971, TY Bebeng (Cecil) in 1979, and
TS Auring (Roke) in 2005. This monsoon influence climate from May to August, and may extend until end
of the year. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weak influence on these typhoons. Leyte Province
recorded 35 typhoon landfall from 1970 to 2011.
Damages of typhoons, particularly of more than 4 hours of flooding, to agricultural sector had been
observed. Recent TS Urduja (Kai-tak) in December 2017 had inflicted damages to 730 farmers in 1, 8754
hectares of about PhP 5.8 million. Fish pond production in 129 hectares had total damages of PhP 9.8
million including the lost commercial sales. The same caused damages to livestock and poultry amounting
to PhP 3.6 million. Losses from TY Ruby (Hagupit) in December 2014 are accounted to PhP 1.44 million
corn production (in 140 hectares) and PhP 44.8 million vegetable production (in 185 hectares). This
affected 195 corn farmers and vegetable growers. There are 200 hectares of rice produce damaged
affecting 132 farmers, amounting to PhP 11.78 million by TS Gorio (Rumbia) in June 2013. TY Ramon
(Banyan) in October 2011 recorded damages of PhP 7.9 million of rice in 1, 326 hectares affecting 1, 820
farmers.
Table 2. List of major typhoons in Ormoc City and the Philippines, 1984-2017
There are two extreme cases of typhoon event that affected Ormoc City - TY Uring (Thelma) in November
1991, and TY Yolanda (Haiyan) in November 2013.
TY Uring (Thelma) affected the whole city with population of 122, 636 in 22, 891 households. Total
damages are observed in 2, 915 houses, and partial damages on 11, 514 house. The validated casualties
account to 4, 000 deaths, 3, 020 injured, and 2, 514 missing. Damages in agriculture recorded high at PhP
35 million, PhP 230 million in government facilities, and PhP 135 million of private properties. Electricity
and water is down.
TY Uring (Thelma) developed in the West Pacific Ocean in November 1 and within Philippine Area of
Responsibility by early morning of November 2. It has winds of 55 kph, initially tracking northwest direct,
but moved southwest in afternoon of November 3. By November 5 in the morning, it landfall in Tacloban
City, with its maximum winds of 75 kph. It crossed the Visayas islands, until it dissipated before crossing
northern Palawan in morning of November 6. Intense rainfall is observed between 9:30 AM to 12:30 AM.
The Philippine National Oil Company, now Energy Development Corporation, on its 48-hour observation,
November 4 (8:00 AM) - 6 (8:00 AM), in two rain gauges recorded 350 mm and 580.5 mm. PNOC (EDC) is
located in the city upland, where rainfall is expected to be intense. PAGASA station in Tacloban recorded
140.2 mm, in 24-hour observation, noting intense downpour between 7:30 AM to 10:30 AM. Station inside
the Visayas State College of Agriculture, now Visayas State University, in Baybay City recorded 138.8 mm
from 8:00 AM to 1:00 PM on November 5. Before the typhoon, two significant typhoons are recorded –
TY Undang (Agnes) in November 1984 (153 mm) and TY Ruping (Mike) in November 1990.
Dubbed as the “Ormoc Tragedy”, a flashflood occurred at around 11:00 AM of November 5, after an hour
of intense downpour that lasted for three hours. The city center was covered by 3 feet to 5 feet of water,
with maximum rise of 7 feet within 15 minutes at its peak. It left 2 feet of sediments on the streets. An
estimated of 22, 835, 000 cubic meters is the volume of water flood pushing forest debris to the city and
water networks, delaying drainage to Ormoc Bay. The city center is bounded by the large tributaries of
the Anilao-Malbasag (Ormoc) Watershed where the flood water originated. The most affected region is
the Anilao River delta, Isla Verde, inhabited by informal settlers in houses made of light materials. A flood
control project was implemented together with Japan International Cooperation Agency in 1998 to 2001.
TS Gilas (Koni) in July 2003 fell around the city, with the same rainfall of TY Uring (Thelma), validating the
effectiveness of the project, concentrating waters in the river but reached a critical level.
TY Yolanda (Haiyan) left with 2, 915 totally damaged and 11, 514 partially damaged houses. Its damages
to agriculture sector totaled to PhP 2.059 billion of which PhP 1.862 billion area damages from standing
crops - infrastructure (PhP 15.3 million), fishery (PhP 22.9 million), and stocks (PhP 158.491 million). In 8
November 2013, DOST-NOAH released a storm surge warning that can rise up to 5.2 meters at around
2:00 PM, topping the list of most affected in the Leyte and Southern Leyte localities. The typhoon had
destroyed power and water lines. Power supply is out for 5 days, the same case with water which pumps
are dependent.
This section outlines the current state of vulnerability and risk of each ecosystem on climate-related
hazards and issues. Vulnerability describes the conditions of the people and both natural and man-built
environments based on hazard susceptibility (mainly influenced by geologic and physical character), and
its dynamics. Risk assessment is conducted using the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board CDRA Tool,
uniting the vulnerability and its severity to likelihood of occurrence (frequency) of a hazard, with land use
as spatial unit of analysis. This assessment is observed to be highly linked on the likelihood of occurrence.
This action plan is based on the detected level of risk. Opportunities to take advantage from changes in
rainfall and temperature will be included in points of actions.
Vulnerabilities
There are 226.58 hectares of marine reserve areas and fish sanctuaries declared from 2003 to 2006 by
the local government in 9 barangays protecting seagrasses and reefs. Mangrove forests covers 945
hectares in barangays of Naungan, Lao, and San Juan with 17 species. Reforestation efforts in the 1990s
through Family Approach Reforestation covered 191 hectares, while the National Greening Program
expanded its coverage, however reported to have 95% damage after typhoon. The Naungan-San Juan
Mangrove Planters managed 191 hectares under Community-based Forest Management Program of
the DENR. The City Tourism Office is set to develop a tourist hub in the area. Previous studies identified
Sonneratia and Avicennia as suitable species for rehabilitation programs. However, the encroachment
of informal settlers in these areas, particularly in Sitio Quinto Limbo with 231 households of which 70%
are fisher folks, posts environmental degradation and water coliform contamination due to improper
solid waste disposal. The area is susceptible to storm surge, and the delta of the Pagsangaan River.
There are 4, 474 people dependent on coastal resources, with 35% or 1, 686 individuals performing
open sea fishing. The current average monthly income is PhP 14, 300 with daily fish catch of 5 kilograms.
The barangay of Naungan is detected to be 0 meters above sea level, inhabited by 5, 075 people, with
170 informal settlers, and 243 house in make-shift. The area will be affected by a reclamation project
related to a coastal road project by the Department of Public Works and Highways.
Points of actions
The mangrove area at the end of Pagsangaan River is in level with the sea water, where volume of water
is expected to be constantly present, and increase during typhoons. The state of mangrove forest must
be kept, with work on its expansion anticipating storm surge currently at low risk.
The income of fisher folks must be maintained and increased through maintaining its catch yield and
providing support infrastructure and systems to the sector.
There must be strict environmental impact assessment of any development. There must be zero
tolerance on erecting human habitat in the area, while the relocation on Sitio Quinto Limbo that is
already included in the Comprehensive Shelter Plan is to be strictly followed. A study to include the
remaining population of Naungan must be commenced. In immediate time, evaluation on the strength
of housing units to sustain flooding must be conducted, while introducing retrofit works. Low emission
technique in any development such as the tourism hub must be employed.
Urban System
The residential and commercial establishments concentrated in the city center, immediate nearby urban
barangays, and along the Ormoc-Kananga-Tacloban national highway, where flooding is highly
susceptible, is the identified major node of development on its structure plan, qualified as its urban
corridor. Risk on flooding in these areas are highly decreased by the flood control projects along Anilao
Vulnerabilities
Based on susceptibility, flooding of above 1.5 meter can affect 73 barangays with 109, 673 people in
27,359 households. This includes 1,892 informal settlers, and 1,988 houses made from light materials.
There are 14, 892 families under poverty line.
Areas mapped as no dwelling zone due to landslide is detected in 30 barangays with 67, 030 people in
16,016 households. There are 1,477 informal settlers, and 1,277 houses in light materials. There are 7,
601 families below poverty threshold.
There are 33 barangays with 78, 584 people or 15, 700 households susceptible under overhead surge.
This is further characterized by 1,280 informal settlers and 1,053 makeshift houses. Families under
poverty line is accounted at 7,200.
There is 85% health insurance coverage on the population by the government. Flood areas comprise
75.45% of 1, 224.33 hectares of total urban areas at high, mostly within the Pagsangaan Watershed and
Ormoc (Anilao-Malbasag) Watershed. From previous major typhoons, there are 30, 546 totally
damaged and 25, 043 partially damaged houses during TY Yolanda (Haiyan) in 2013, and 2, 915 totally
damaged and 11, 514 partially damaged during TY Uring (Thelma) in 1991. Assessment after Typhoon
Yolanda provides housing gap of 6, 447 households, coupled with expected population growth and
informal settlements upgrade, with 16, 667 households, where Comprehensive Shelter Plan 2017-2025
is formulated. Water turbidity is high during flood event posing much work on the filtration process in
Ahag Water Gallery. Ormoc’s main water source is surface water along the upstream of Malabasag
River. The city also adopted Ordinance No. 32 for the Proper Harvesting, Storage and Utilization in
Ormoc City being implemented by the Office of the Building Official on new building permit
applications.
In 2017 alone, water-borne and vector-borne diseases are recorded such as 476 cases of diarrhea and
5 cases of amoebiasis. There are 34 health centers and 2 hospitals in flood prone areas. There are an
estimated 8, 000 workers with intermittent income flow during wet season in the informal economy.
Submergence of road networks and school buildings to flooding posed disruption on operations of 80
schools and government offices. TY Uring (Thelma) damages worth to PhP 286 million on roads, PhP
188 million on drainage systems, and PhP 48 million on bridges. Open parks and spaces, including the
tourism sites in the city center, has a total of 73.99 hectares. It is observed that during wet seasons,
there is a drop on number of tourists visiting the city. Pocket flooding is observed in portions of low-
lying barangays of Alegria, Punta and Linao, exacerbated by clay soil, water (seepage) overflow from
the drainage system, and patches of back-filling to level with or higher than street.
Riverine flooding in settlement areas at east of the city is observed, with quarrying activities in Panalian
River in Ipil and Bagongbong River in San Antonio. This activity had been stopped along Panilahan River
in Macabuga and Danhug.
Landslide risk is observed in 41 barangays in 104 hectares, equivalent to replacement value of PhP 3.12
billion. At high risk are 6 barangays in 14.70 hectares (PhP 441 million). From this, 2.21 hectares (PhP
66.3 million) shared by Alta Vista and Manlilinao are detected within prescribed no dwelling zone.
Building with continuous monitoring is recommended in 5.48 hectares (PhP 164.4 million) in 4
barangays (Alta Vista, Mabato, Mahayahay, Manlilinao), and with slope protection in 7.01 hectares (PhP
210.3 million) in 5 barangays (Gaas, Hugpa, Mabato, Mahayag, Manlilinao). Manlilinao (5.94 ha at PhP
178.2 million) and Mabato (4.08 ha at PhP 122.4 million) are the most at risk barangays. Thirty-two
barangays in 74.21 hectares (PhP 2.23 billion) is at low risk category, while 12 barangays in 15.09
hectares (PhP 452 million) is at moderate risk category. Fourteen barangays in 12.66 hectares are with
the lowest risk.
Storm surge risk is in low category detected in 21 barangays (333 hectares at PhP 11.55 billion).
Considering 5 meters surge height, or Storm Surge Alert 4 scenario, 17 barangays in 154 hectares (PhP
8.75 billion), water is expected to be above head. Other areas will expect chest deep in 114 hectares
and knee-deep in 65 hectares.
Socialized Housing. Flood risk is detected in 14 barangays in 61.56 hectares with value of PhP 1.85
billion. Five barangays at are high risk category Liloan, Margen, Can-untog, Valencia, and Lao, with
accumulated area of 52.45 hectares (PhP 1.57 billion). The large areas at risk are in Liloan (21.42
hectares at PhP 642.6 million), Margen (14.93 hectares at PhP 447.9 million), and Can-untog (12.37
hectares at PhP 371 million). In Liloan, 6.01 hectares (PhP 180.3 million) are susceptible to above 1.5
meters flood. Low risk is detected in 7 barangays at 6.74 hectares (PhP 202.2 million), while moderate
risk is detected 8 barangays in 2.37 hectares (PhP 71.1 million).
Landslide risk is detected low in 5 barangay of Dolores, Domonar, Liloan, Margen, and Valencia, with
total area of 7.66 hectares (PhP 229.80 million). Within this area, 0.60 hectares (PhP 18 million) is
detected in no built zone, while 3.07 hectares (PhP 92.1 million) require slope protection. Domonar has
an area of 1.72 hectares (PhP 51.6 million) requiring slope protection.
Storm surge at low risk is detected in 5.09 hectares (PhP 152.7 million) in Lao, which 4.73 hectares (PhP
141.9 million is chest-deep.
Commercial Land Use. Flood is observed in 75 barangays with total area of 98.63 hectares (PhP 2.96
billion). At high risk category are 22 barangays in 23.95 hectares (PhP 718.5 million). Susceptible to
flood depth above 1.5 meters are the 7 barangays of Can-adieng, Guiguitingan, Ipil, Leondoni, Licuma,
Mas-in, and Maticaa covering 1.70 hectares (PhP 51 million). In the same risk level, 14 barangays in 7.87
hectares (PhP 236.1 million) and 19 barangays in 14.83 hectares (PhP 431.4 million) are susceptible to
below 0.5 meters and 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters, respectively. Six barangays (Don Potenciano Larrazabal,
Landslide risk is observed in 26 barangays in 9.64 hectares (PhP 289.2 million). The barangays of Gaas,
Mabato, and Manlilinao in 0.67 hectares (PhP 20.10 million) are at high risk category. Development in
Gaas is required with frequent monitoring in 0.36 hectares (PhP 10.8 million) shared with Mabato, and
installation of slope protection in 0.31 hectares (PhP 9.3 million) shared with Manlilinao. There are 19
barangays at low risk in 8.45 hectares (PhP 253.5 million), and 7 barangays at moderate risk in 0.52
hectares (PhP 15.6 million). In Alta Vista, at moderate risk, 0.13 hectares (PhP 3.9 million) is detected
within prescribed no build zone.
Storm surge at low risk is detected in 32 barangays covering 48.07 hectares (PhP 1.44 billion). At 5
meters surge, 28 barangays at 28.02 hectares (PhP 840.6 million) is expected to have water height
above head. The remaining 15.24 hectares (in 27 barangays at PhP 457.2 million) and 4.81 hectares (in
21 barangays at PhP 144.3 million) will experience water at chest-deep and knee-deep, respectively.
Institutional Land Use. Flood risk is observed in 66 barangays at 171.17 hectares (PhP 5.14 billion).
Twenty-nine barangays are at high risk in 39.65 hectares (PhP 1.19 billion). With susceptibility of 1.5
meters flood depth in 2.81 hectares (PhP 84.3 million) are the 9 barangays of Can-untog, Dpn
Potenciano Larrazabal, Guinguitingan, Leondoni, Licuma, Mas-in, Maticaa, Rufina M. Tan, and San Jose.
In same risk category, 26 barangays in 28.03 hectares (PhP 840.90 million) and 20 barangays in 8.81
hectares (PhP 264.30 million) are susceptible to 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters and below 0.5 meters,
respectively. There are 34 barangays in 127.85 hectares (PhP 3.84 billion) and 18 barangays in 3.67
hectares (PhP 110.10 million) detected in low risk category and moderate risk category, respectively.
Landslide risk is detected in 23 barangays in 31.37 hectares (PhP 941.10 million). At high risk category
are 4 barangays (Gaas, Mabato, Mahayahay, and Milagro) in 2.92 hectares (PhP 87.6 million), and 2
barangays (Manlilinao, Milagro) in 7.51 hectares (PhP 225.30 million) are within building areas however
prescribed to have continuous monitoring and provision of slope protection, respectively. A total of
3.19 hectares (PhP 95.7 million) in Manlilinao and Milagro are detected within no built zone. Twenty-
one barangays in 17.29 hectares (PhP 518.7 million) are at low risk, with 10 barangays in 4.53 hectares
(PhP 135.90 million) within no built zone. Moderate risk is detected in 0.46 hectares (PhP 13.80 million)
in four barangays of Alta Vista, Gaas, Manlilinao, and Milagro. From this, 0.23 hectares (PhP 6.9 million)
shared by Manlilinao and Milagro is detected within no built zone.
Low risk of storm surge is detected in 16 barangays at 43.29 hectares (PhP 1.30 billion). In Storm Surge
Alert 4 scenario, inundation in 9 barangays (10.32 hectares at PhP 309.6 million) is expected to be chest-
deep, while in 8 barangays (5.87 hectares at PhP 176.10 million) is at knee-deep. Twelve barangays in
27.10 hectares (PhP 813 million) will have above head surge.
Parks and Open Spaces. Flood risk is present in 65 barangays in 63.25 hectares (PhP 1.90 billion). It is
categorized high in 26 barangays with an area of 41.28 hectares (PhP 1.24 billion). In 34 barangays
within 18.03 hectares (PhP 540.9 million) are considered at low risk, while 28 barangays in 3.94 hectares
(PhP 118.2 million) at moderate risk.
Landslide risk is detected in 28 barangays in 13.02 hectarhectares es (PhP 390.60 million). It is high in
3 barangays of Mabato, Mahayahay, and Manlilinao at 2.29 (PhP 68.7 million). Low risk is detected in
Storm surge at low risk is detected in 12 barangays (25.78 hectares at PhP 773.4 million). Most areas
are within above head surge height in 11 barangays (18.45 hectares at PhP 553.5 million). Five
barangays in 2.76 hectares (PhP 82.8 million) is within knee-deep inundation, while 6 barangays in 4.57
hectares (PhP 137.10 million) in chest-deep inundation.
Roads Networks and Transport Utilities. (PhP 10,000 per meter, 1000 meter in kilometer or PhP 10 M
per kilometer) Flood risk is observed in 108 barangays with total length of road network of 133.39
kilometers. Risk category are detected high in 33 barangays with 62.36 kilometers, low in 73 barangays
with 57.54 kilometers, and moderate in 35 barangays with 13.94 kilometers.
Landslide risk is observed in 52 barangays with 58.35 kilometers. High risk is detected in 7 barangays
(16.93 kilometers), requiring slope protection in 6.3 kilometers covering, including 8.78 kilometers in
no built zone. Low risk is detected in 42 barangays (28.19 kilometers), requiring slope protection in 8.73
kilometers in 30 barangays, with 15.19 kilometers in 28 barangays at no dwelling zone. At moderate
risk level are 28 barangays with 13.23 kilometers, including 5 barangays with 4.53 kilometers requiring
slope protection, and 5.66 kilometers in 14 barangays at no dwelling zone.
Storm surge is at low risk level and may affect 45 barangays in 50.32 kilometers. In 34 barangays with
33.36 kilometers, surge is expected above head. Chest-deep inundation is expected in 36 barangays
with 12.44 kilometers, and knee-deep inundation in 31 barangays with 4.52 kilometers.
Points of actions
Place of people habitat and activity must be immediately given action.
As for flooding, residential areas in 29 barangays in 445.17 hectares are at high risk, of which 17
barangays (58.47 ha at PhP 1.75 billion) are with susceptibility of 1.5 meters and above. Social housing
areas are at high risk category in Liloan, Margen, Can-untog, Valencia, and Lao, with accumulated area
of 52.45 hectares (PhP 1.57 billion). Commercial zones in 22 barangays at 23.95 hectares (PhP 718.5
million) are at high risk with same susceptibility in 7 barangays of Can-adieng, Guiguitingan, Ipil,
Leondoni, Licuma, Mas-in, and Maticaa (covering 1.70 hectares at PhP 51 million).
Flooding on these areas are highly characterized by riverine flooding such cases of Licuma, Liloan, and
Margen along the Pagsangaan River, Ipil along Bubunawon River, and Can-adieng along Malbasag River.
Flood control projects must be in place, and immediate retrofitting of houses.
At high risk to landslide are 6 barangays in 14.70 hectares (PhP 441 million) of residential zone.
Manlilinao (5.94 ha at PhP 178.2 million) and Mabato (4.08 ha at PhP 122.4 million) are the most at risk
barangays.
Landslide risk areas particular those detected at high category in no dwelling zone must be considered
in the resettlement plan, and that require slope protection must implement the latest technology.
This follows retrofitting, installation of rainwater harvester, flood control, and slope protection in
government buildings. Twenty-nine barangays are at high risk in 39.65 hectares (PhP 1.19 billion). With
Repairs and improvement on roads and its drainage system must be in place in a total length of 133.39
kilometers of which 62.36 kilometers. Slope protection is required in 6.3 kilometers of 7 barangays, and
strict development in 8.78 kilometers of no dwelling zone.
Flood risk in open spaces is high in 26 barangays with an area of 41.28 hectares (PhP 1.24 billion). The
urban spaces must be designed with capacity to capture storm water. Particular with the urban spaces
along the coast, it must anticipate the possibility of a storm surge.
Storm surge at low risk maybe significantly damaging with at least PhP 15.4 billion.
Production Systems
The development thrust of the city intends to shift its economic base from agricultural production
towards service and manufacturing. The spatial strategy identified agro-industrial zones. The land use
plan differentiated agricultural zones to protection zones and production zones. The former are areas
currently included in the irrigation network of the National Irrigation Authority, other areas are classified
as production.
Vulnerabilities
There are 32 barangays in protection zone and 66 barangays in production susceptible to flooding.
Records by the City Agriculture in 2015 accounted 4, 540 rice farmers (in 60 barangays) and 794 corn
farmers (in 43 barangays), while there are 4 barangays with multiple crops including vegetables, fruits,
and food staples – banana, sweet potato and gabi. There are agricultural plantation covering 850
hectares of pineapple, and 5, 736 hectares of sugarcane, mostly in the production zone.
Typhoon events resulted to damages on crops during flowering and booting stages. TY Urduja (Kai-tak)
in December 2017 left damages amounting to hP 5.8 million on rice and PhP 1.8 million on corn, on two
days continuous rainfall affecting 730 rice farmers and 47 corn farmers. TY Ruby (Hagupit) in December
2014 left PhP 880, 000 damages in rice (302 farmers) and PhP 1.4 million in corn (195 farmers). TY Gorio
(Rumbia) in June 2013 destroyed 200 ha of rice equivalent to PhP 11.78 million affecting 132 farmers.
TY Yolanda (Haiyan) in November 2013 reported damages to agriculture sector totaled to PhP 2.059
billion of which PhP 1.862 billion area damages from standing crops.1 El Nino in 2015 reported damages
of PhP 22.453 million in six barangays of Curva, Lao, Licuma, Margen, Rufina M. Tan, and Liloan.
Cost of rice production is from PhP 10, 000 up to PhP 15, 000 per hectare resulting to 2 tons for PhP 40
per kilo, with expected gross income of PhP 80, 000 and net of PhP 55, 000, while corn production per
hectare is from PhP 10, 000 up to PhP 15, 000 for hybrid yellow and PhP 8, 500 up to 15, 000 for OPV
white resulting to 4.2 tons and 3.0 tons respectively for PhP 13 and PhP 11 per kilo, with expected gross
income of PhP 54, 000 or PhP 33, 000 and net of PhP 39, 900 or PhP 9, 500. For rice cropping season of
1
Infrastructure (PhP 15.3 million), Fishery (PhP 22.9 million), Stocks (PhP 158.491 million)
Of the total 5, 791.5 hectares of rice production lands, only 4,337.5 hectares is being covered by
irrigation. An estimated 2, 500 hectares is considered insufficient, while the remaining areas are
supplied by spring (1, 220 hectares) or water impoundments (799.5 hectares). The remaining 1, 400
hectares are still not irrigated by any source. Irrigation coverage ensures 15% to 20% increase in total
crop yield.
Less than 10% of farmers are not covered by crop insurance amounting to PhP 10,000 per hectare,
while average land ownership is 1.5 hectare per farmer.
In 2017, livestock production are as follows: swine (32, 843), cattle (1, 591), carabao (1, 582), goat (1,
315), and poultry (4, 965, 354). Aquaculture is highly dominated with commercial fishpond at 254
hectares, while backyard activity is within 3.33 hectares for fishpond and 0.114 hectares for fish cages.
Main produce are tilapia and bangus, with average production of 1.3 tons in 50 meter square pen/cage.
This requires an inputs of 7000 fingerlings at PhP 6 each.
Landslide risk is observed in 20 barangays at 1, 466.35 hectares (PhP 64.35 million). Classified under
moderate risk category are 6 barangays at 513.23 hectares (PhP 21.09 million), while 14 barangays at
953.12 hectares (PhP 43.26 million) at low risk category. Slope protection is required in 12 barangays
(332.90 hectares at PhP 15.17 million) at low risk, and 6 barangays (199.46 hectares at PhP 8.19 million)
at moderate risk. No dwelling zone is prescribed in 14 barangays (433.32 hectares at PhP 19.52 million)
at low risk, and in 6 barangays (182.66 hectares at PhP 7.22 million) at moderate risk.
Storm surge at low risk is observed in 6 barangays of Lao, Libertad, Liloan, San Isidro, and Sto. Nino,
covering 386.08 hectares (PhP 18.53 million). Above head surge is expected in 162.75 hectares (PhP
8.23 million), chest-deep inundation in 176.47 hectares (PhP 8.32 million), and knee-deep at 46.86
hectares (PhP 1.96 million).
Agricultural Production. Flood risk is observed in 66 barangays at 4, 416 hectares under this land use
classification, however only 32 barangays in 2, 510.17 hectares are productive with value of PhP 125.22
million. At high risk with above 1.5 meters depth are 20 barangays (512.18 hectares) with only 16
barangays (297.60 hectares) productive at PhP 13.16 million. In 19 barangays (348.81 hectares) of
below 0.5 meters flood susceptibility, 16 barangays (308.11 hectares) are productive with value of PhP
15.31 million. Eighteen barangays in 645.27 hectares out of 25 barangays (819.92 hectares) with value
of PhP 29.53 million is susceptible to 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters flood. At low risk category are 10
barangays (283.40 hectares) out of 32 barangays (1, 432.91 hectares), with accumulated value of PhP
17.98 million. Twenty-two barangays (in 975.79 hectares) out of 34 barangays (1, 303.16 hectares) with
value of PhP 49.24 million are categorized with moderate risk.
Storm surge at low risk is detected in 15 barangays (793.07 hectares), however productive lands are
present in 8 barangays (653.30 hectares) with value of PhP 16.58 million. Six barangays in 385.88
hectares (out of 12 barangays in 498.47 hectares at PhP 7.83 million) is susceptible to above head surge,
8 barangays (51.63 hectares out of 14 barangays in 58.51 hectares with value of PhP 2.76 million) to
knee-deep inundation, and 7 barangays (215.79 hectares out of 13 barangays in 236.09 hectares at PhP
5.99 million) to chest-deep inundation.
Fishpond. Flood risk is detected in barangays of Lao, Naungan, and San Juan with total area of 254.95
hectares and value of PhP 4.08 million. At high risk is a total area of 159.77 hectares with value of PhP
2.56 million susceptible to flood depth above 1.5 meters, while 83.84 hectares (PhP 1.34 million) at 0.5
meters to 1.5 meters. A total area of 11.34 hectares (PhP 181, 440) is at moderate risk category.
Landslide risk is detected at low level in 0.13 hectares (PhP 2, 080) in Naungan.
Storm surge risk is at low category. Chest deep is expected in 0.80 hectares (PhP 12, 800), while above
head surge is expected in 411.52 hectares (PhP 6.58 million) – Lao (303.86 hectares at PhP 4.86 million),
Naungan (69.17 hectares at PhP 1.11 million), and San Juan (38.49 hectares at PhP 615, 840).
Points of action
Flooding in the agricultural farms must be controlled, particularly along the Pagsangaan River. The
farmers must be introduced to variety of rice and crops that can withhold long submergence to
flooding. Support infrastructure such as buffer stock, irrigation, and post-harvesting facilities must be
in place, as well as programs such as trainings and information drives. The participation in crop
insurance must be maximized, and must include all farmers.
Upland agriculture must be insulated in damages through applying farming methods that prevent
landslides.
Forest Ecosystem
The protected forest zone includes the delineated Lake Danao Natural Park under the NIPAS Act with 2,
1103.43 hectares as ecotourism zone. The area falls within the Bao River Watershed considered critical in
Vulnerabilities
The remaining forest of the city was classified to be residual forest, highly affected by logging activities
in the 1950s to 1960s. This is second growth forest is highly classified as open forest, with low capacity
of holding rain water. This is observed within the vicinity of the Danao Lake where landslide is detected
at 810 masl. Dense forest areas are observed within the lower elevation between 280 masl to 450 masl
in Tongonan and Dolores. Lake water is currently being rehabilitated from the coliform breakout in
2010 coming from domestic waste of people residing near it. The lake is considered a potential for
tourism activity currently inviting local tourists, and with city plans on its further development. The
same is considered source of water supply in the city.
Forest production. Flood risk is detected at low category in 12.63 hectares – 0.64 hectares above 1.5
meters, 5.91 hectares from 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters, and 6.08 hectares below 0.5 meters.
Landslide is at low risk in 49.02 hectares – Cabintan (41.33 hectares) and Tongonan (7.69 hectares).
There is 38.23 hectares in no dwelling zone and 7.29 hectares requiring slope protection.
Eco-tourism. Flood is detected in low risk at 154.02 hectares. Flood depth is expected to be at 1.5
meters above in 50.56 hectares, 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters in 83.41 hectares, and below 0.5 meters in
20.05 hectares. This is primarily detected in Danao at 119.21 hectares – 32.89 hectares, 68.09 hectares,
and 18.24 hectares, accordingly.
Landslide is detected in 1, 876.13 hectares. At high risk category, are detected no dwelling zone (594.86
hectares) and slope protection zone (654.40 hectares), all in Danao (1, 249.26 hectares). Low risk is
detected in 114.03 hectares, and moderate risk in 512.84 hectares. No dwelling zones are detected in
76.29 hectares (low risk) and 271.84 hectares (moderate risk). Slope protection is required in 34.52
hectares (low risk) and 127.75 hectares (moderate risk).
Points of action
The forest area must be rehabilitated in order to optimally function as natural barrier from typhoons.
Thus tree planting and natural slope protection methods must be applied. Formulation of forest land
For this plan, the climate data projection for mid-20th century, average values of climate data covering
years of 2036 up to 2065, will be used under RCP 8.5. This values are recommended for planning activities
by Year 2020, while the late century data (2070 to 2099) projections by Year 2050. Both data are presented
in this section. Data on extreme events from RCP models (CIMP5) are not available in the Philippines.
Thus, the data from the SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios of CMIP3) are use as follows: 1398
days are above 35 C, 5199 dry days, and 7 days are above 300mm rainfall of 7300 days in 20 years (2006-
2035).
Increasing temperature across all The months of MAM and JJA expected to have the extreme
season rise in Temperature, maximum at 32.1 C (2050), increase of
2.3 C (2020) and 4.1 C (2050).
Figure 11. Projected Temperature for Leyte in the 21st Century, RCP 8.5 Scenario
Decreasing rain fall during dry The lowest decrease is observed on MAM of 2050 at 318 mm
seasons (MAM, JAJ), and increasing (-24 mm), while the highest increase is observed on DJF of
rainfall during wet seasons (SON DJF) 2050 at 1106.4 mm (or +416.9 mm).
Figure 13. Projected Temperature and Precipitation in Leyte in the 21st Century, RCP 8.5 Scenario
These observations aligned with the general expected conditions in the country as dry seasons will
become drier, and wet seasons be wetter.
Coastal Ecosystem
Increase (average) in temperature by 2.1 C by 2020. There will be a decrease in income from PhP 14, 300
(5 kgs/day at P130/kg for 22 days) to PhP 8, 580 (3 kgs/day), with 5 hours decrease in working time from
4am-9am to 4am-7am, and 4pm-10pm to 6pm-10pm, particular to 1, 686 or 35% who are directly
conducting open sea fishing. Existing ordinance on off-season for 6 days (3 day before and 3 days after
full moon) is considered on this impact. Regular fishing activity are periodic on the months of July, August,
September, October due to Habagat, leaving fisher folks with active income in 8 months, while absence
or periodic in 4 months. It is noteworthy that increase in number of fisher folks may lead to over carrying
capacity of Ormoc Bay.
Decreased fish catch available to market for consumption may contribute to food shortage currently
accounted at 16, 854 households under food threshold, and 311 households experienced food shortage.
Increase in temperature may decrease the current 226.58 hectares of sea grass or reef due to coral
bleaching. There are no possible expansion of marine reserve area or marine protected area. Increase on
population of crown of thorn fish is expected. This also leads to siltation affecting 719 ha of mangroves,
and eventual fish migration.
Increase (maximum) in precipitation by 220mm by 2020. Increase in rainfall, and eventual flooding will
lead to increase in siltation affecting coral reefs and mangroves. This is currently observed, and expected
to be exacerbated on two coastal barangays of Ipil and San Antonio, where sand and gravel extraction is
practiced. Typhoon events will damage fish pens in Ormoc Bay, decreasing fish yield. Intermittent fishing
activity during habagat season will be further lessen.
Flooding transports coliform to Ormoc Bay from the residential areas along the coast posting aggravated
public health implications.
National projects coming underway, particularly the construction of national highway may lead to
destruction of existing mangrove forest.
Urban System
Increase (average) in temperature by 2.1 C by 2020. This will have 11, 460 residential and 423 commercial
customers in 2017 to increase electric consumption due to installation of cooling units. This will increase
GHG emissions of these two sets of customers currently at 22, 615.71 CO2 e and 4, 037.69 CO2 e,
respectively. Temporal demand for work on installation and maintenance of these cooling units are
expected. However, this will also serve as opportunity to implement and introduce passive cooling
mechanisms on structures. The city center is expected to be hotter compared to other areas of the city,
particularly to midland and upland, inviting movement on these areas. Increased demand for water use is
expected, increasing consumption from current average of 30 cubic meter per household each month.
Dry days will also increase tourist visits posing increase in GHG emissions from transportation and electric
consumption of hotels, lodges, and inns.
Increase (maximum) in precipitation by 220 mm by 2020. Frequent flooding will affect 153, 351 people
equivalent to a tripled replacement cost of PhP 64.96 billion. Submergence of houses to flood causing
structural stresses to walls, ceilings, and floors and damages to other domestic properties are expected.
However, the availability of more rain can be captured and utilized for domestic and commercial purposes
as prescribed by the local ordinance on rainwater capture. Storm surge, currently at low risk, however in
8 November 2013 during TY Yolanda (Haiyan), DOST NOAH alerted Ormoc to experience 5.2 meters storm
tide by 2:00 in the afternoon. This scenario may affect 109,880 equivalent to a PhP 32.97 billion. While
damages of rain-induced landslide at high risk areas will affect 93, 775 people equivalent to PhP 8.91
billion.
Decrease in income due to disruption of economic activities to an estimate 8, 000 participants of the
informal economy. This links with the disruption on flow people (tourists), goods, and services in the
formal economy aggravated by suspended transportation both in sea and air.
Submergence of schools and roads due to flooding affecting school operations, requiring adjustments and
retrofitting on building, drainage system, roads, and bridges. Increased cases of vector borne diseases and
water-borne diseases remained expected, with 5% increase in hospitalization cost compounded yearly.
Open spaces development in the city proper may take opportunity to collect and utilize rainwater for its
operations and other public uses.
Production System
Increase (average) in temperature by 2.1 C by 2020. Each temperature increase by 1 C leads to 10%
decrease in production, leading to decrease on net income of rice production from PhP 165, 000 (PhP 13,
750/month) by PhP 31, 350 down to PhP 133, 650 (PhP 11, 137.5 /month) on two cropping season per
year by 4, 540 rice farmers and 794 corn farmers. Above this, hotter days will decrease working time.
Decreased on water supply for irrigation covering 4, 337.5 ha of total 5, 791.5 ha of rice production lands
due to low ground water recharge rate and decrease in surface water volume are expected, posting 10%
to 15% yield decrease.
There is expected 80% decrease in inland aquaculture due to increase in water temperature from its
current production of 1.3 tons in 50 meter square pen/cage.
Increase (maximum) in precipitation by 220mm by 2020. The 32 barangays at high risk in flooding at
3739.95 ha will have a value of PhP 202.58 million by 2030. Five barangays at low risk to storm surge at
386.05 ha will have a value of PhP 21.45 million by 2030. There is an average of 50% decreased on
production during typhoon events. There is expected increase in use of electricity for postharvest
activities.
Upland agriculture will have an increased opportunity to cultivate assorted vegetables in 283.4 hectares,
with the availability of water on water impoundments.
Forest Ecosystem
Increase (average) in temperature by 2.1 C by 2020. The remaining 15, 508 ha forest lands may have
occurrence of wild forest fires, and wildlife migration. This will also lead to decrease in production of
wildlings. Availability of water from spring sources may decrease. The critical state of Bao River Watershed
will be exacerbated.
Road network test detected the city center towards the barangay of Cogon, Don Felipe Larrazabal, Dona
Feliza Mejia, and San Isidro to expect higher temperature compared to other urban barangays. The city
center has dense and compact built-up primarily for commercial and residential use. Don Felipe Larrazabal
and Cogon are areas for residential, commercial, and institutional uses – including the Eastern Visayas
State University (Ormoc City Campus), the New Ormoc City National High School, and the New Ormoc
City Hall Complex. Dona Feliza Mejia and San Isidro are with commercial and adjacent middle scale
residential subdivisions. This test detected roads as reference of increased temperature, highly detected
on portions of Ormoc-Kananga-Tacloban Road, Veloso Street, and road network in the city center –
including access roads along the Anilao River and Malbasag River.
In terms of settlement density, higher temperature is expected in barangays of Tambulilid and Linao.
Tambulilid is the most populated barangay with 22, 359 residents in 1, 659 households, with 124 houses
made from make-shift materials and 11 informal settler families. Linao is the second most populated with
8, 576 people in 2, 137 households, with 91 make-shift houses, and 224 informal settler families. Detected
also are portions of residential areas of Cogon, Punta, and Don Felipe Larrazabal.
Enclosed in these two poles are the urban coastal areas of Batuan, Alegria, Punta, and Linao, where
temperature may also increase during dry season when there is high evaporation rate in Ormoc Bay. This
is the same on the Ormoc Market and Fish Complex, Ormoc City Plaza Complex and coastal settlements
in Can-adieng.
These areas are identified to be the major node of development on its spatial development strategy.
The canopy on these areas are detected to be within 1 meter to 5 meters, indicating presence of
commercial and settlement infrastructure with probable sporadically located and short vegetation. Its
identified expansion of urban corridor to the north is detected to have the same canopy level currently
characterized by sporadic commercial buildings, series of settlements, and sugarcane plantations.
Canopy test confirms the presence of agricultural production zones and human settlements in between 0
meter to 1 meter. This aligns with observed impact of intense heat in agcricuture such the case of 2015-
2016 El Nino amounting to PhP 22.453 million in six barangays of Curva, Lao, Licuma, Margen, Rufina M.
Tan, and Liloan. Canopy along river is detected within 1 meter to 5 meter, and can be attributed to short
grasses and shrubs. This detects that the intact forests are located in the midland of Dolores, Hibuna-on,
Cagbuhangin, Cabulihan, Concepcion, Juaton, Magaswe, Bagong, and Milagro. The planned industrial
expansion in Luna and Dolores may decrease the land area of these intact forest.
The canopy in the midlands northeast of urban center are highly characterized by pineapple and
sugarcane plantations. The upland forests in Danao, Cabintan, Tongonan, Ga-as, and Liberty are detected
to have patches of thick canopy. These areas are within the critical adjacent watersheds of Bao River,
Pongso River, Mainit River, and Binhaan River.
Road network (line) density test. This assumes that presence of road and its proximity indicate
presence of urban structures where people dwell and conduct business. This assumes that all road
Settlements (point) density test. This assumes that density (based on number and proximity) of
housing structures will cause intensification of heat, absence of tree cover and compactness. This also
assumes that there are no initiatives on its regulation, and materials used are concrete. Performed in
Point Density module of ArcGIS 10. Requires settlement shapefile. Building footprints and road
networks are overlaid.
Earthquakes trigger liquefaction by reducing strength and stiffness of soil. This is likely to happen to areas
with saturated soils with increased water pressure moving soil particles. High susceptibility to liquefaction
is detected in the lower region of the agricultural production system, expanding to the human settlements
along the coast. The production zone upper region is with susceptibility values of moderate to low. These
areas are mapped to experience impact of an Intensity 8 earthquake. The city has no recorded liquefaction
event.
Soil taxonomy provides that these areas are entisols (entropepts with dystropepts), characterized by thin
organic matter and absence of pedogenic (soil development) horizons due to its recent (soil geology)
formation due to deposits of alluvium (clay, silt, sand, gravel) at frequent intervals, usually in flood plains.
The soils are typified into San Manuel Series (silt, silt loam) in the production zone, Umingan Clay Loam in
the city center and south urban zones, and Guimbalaon Clay in between settlements along the coast and
San Manuel soil has relief of level to slightly undulating, moderate water retention, good drainage, and
moderate to rapid permeability. It has a mean annual soil temperature higher than 22C isohyperthermic.
Its rooting depth is more than 1 meter deep. This is a non-calcareous soil. This is classified to be suited for
agricultural production due to its high soil fertility characteristics – pH 6.5 (neutral), very high base
saturation, moderate to high nutrient retention, and moderate organic matter.
Depth cm Description
0-6 Brown to dark brown 10YR 43 moist silt loam fine to medium granular structure loose
many fine to medium roots many fine inped pores abrupt smooth boundary
6-36 Dark yellowish brown 10YR 44 moist sandy clay loam moderate medium subangular
blocky structure firm many fine roots few medium and many fine open tubular pores
clear smooth boundary
36-69 Very dark grayish brown 10YR 32 moist clay loam moderate fine to medium subangular
blocky structure friable few fine roots few fine tubular and many fine inped pores gradual
smooth boundary
69-90 Brown to dark brown 10YR 43 moist silt loam moderate fine to medium subangular
blocky structure friable very few fine roots few fine tubular and many fine inped pores
gradual smooth boundary
90 below Dark yellowish brown 10YR 44 moist clay loam fine to medium subangular blocky
structure friable very few fine roots few fine tubular and many fine inped pores
Umingan series has relief of level to nearly level, moderate water retention, good drainage, and rapid
permeability. Rooting depth is deeper than 1 meter, and temperature higher than 22C. This is highly
attributed with gravel and pebbles along river networks. This is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5 to pH
7.5), with moderate base saturation, high nutrient retention, and low organic matter.
Depth cm Description
0-16 Dark grayish brown 10 YR 42 moist clay loam moderate very fine subangular blocky
structure firm when moist very sticky and very plastic when wet many very fine and few
medium inped pores many very fine roots presence of common fine gravels many very
fine Fe nodules and Fe streaks yellowish red 5 YR 46 mottles faint black mottles gray
mottles and streaks clay coatings many very tjin worms gradual and smooth boundary
16-27 Brown to dark brown 10 YR 43 moist clay loam moderate fine subangular blocky
structure firm when moist very sticky and very plastic when wet many very fine to fine
pores common very fine to fine roots presence of few small gravels many fine red 25 YR
46 orange faint black and gray mottles few slickensides clear and smooth boundary
27-70 Dark brown 75 YR 44 moist clay moderate fine subangular blocky structure firm when
moist very sticky and very plastic when wet common fine inped and vesicular pores
common fine roots common red and orange mottles many black and gray mottles
interfingering clay slickensides clay skins diffuse and smooth boundary
The midlands to highlands are with taxonomy of entisols, inceptisols (ranges from very poorly drained to
excessively drained occurring on mountain slopes with active weathering [depositing sediments] to river
valleys), ultisols (observed mostly in humid climates with precipitation deficit which base saturation is
concentrated in shallow depth), and alfisol (holding water at less than 1500 kPa tension for least 3
months).
Guimbalon series has relief of rolling to hilly, with good drainage, and rooting depth to its maximum
profile. It is deep, but well drained. Its rolling landscape may cause erosion, thus tree planting, water
control, and landslide prevention technology are recommended. Soil temperature is usually in the
isohyperthermic level at 22C. This is strongly acidic, with moderate base saturation and organic matter,
and low nutrient retention.
Depth cm Description
0-15 Dark yellowish brown 10YR 44 moist clay moderate medium subangular blocky to fine
granular structure friable many very fine to fine and few coarse roots many fine inped
and common fine tubular pores few Mn concretions rocks probably basalt and andesite
present clear wavy boundary pH 54
15-39 Yellowish brown 10YR 54 moist silty clay medium coarse subangular blocky breaking to
moderate medium to coarse granular structure friable to firm many fine and few coarse
roots many fine inped pores concentration of pebbles 05 3 cm Fe coatings clear smooth
boundary
39-69 Light yellowish brown 10YR 64 moist clay weak fine to coarse subangular blocky structure
firm common fine roots few fine inped pores few pebbles Mn concretions clear smooth
boundary
69-74 Light yellowish brown 10YR 64 and red 10R 48 moist silty clay weak fine to coarse
subangular blocky structure firm few fine roots few fine inped pores clear smooth
boundary
74 below Very dark grayish brown 25Y 32 moist massive clay very few fine roots Mn concretions
weathered rock present
In the production and urban zones, the geological process of its formation from river deposits in recent
epochs immediately post susceptibility to liquefaction. Further, its composition from fine granular to sub-
angular block allows high mobility among the soil particles on water. The same characteristics are
observed in the upland soils. Earthquakes with magnitudes comparable to July 2017 event or higher may
Increase in temperature will result to increase in soil temperature decreasing its clay component and
increasing its silt component. Soil tend to have its maximum aggregate stability on temperature beyond
30C. However, this will decrease moisture content and water viscosity, while increase the activation of
carbon degradation by microorganism adding to CO2 production. This may naturally prevent liquefaction,
but will negatively impact the agricultural productivity.
Increase in precipitation at the production and urban zones will result to flooding that further transport
the alluvial materials, increasing its height deposits. This will increase the volume of soil susceptible to
liquefaction. Banks degradation, widening its opposite distance, along the Pagsangaan River is observed,
exhibiting weak soil composition. A big flooding event followed by a high intensity earthquake will be
significantly disastrous. Rainfall in the city is evenly distributed throughout the year.
Tsunami event will cover the whole area of barangays Naungan, Linao, Punta, and Alegria. It will affect
half of the area including the mangrove areas in San Juan, and Lao, and urban areas of Tambulilid, Don
Felipe Larrazabal, and the city proper. This will also affect the low-lying coastal regions of Can-adieng,
Camp Downes, Bantigue, Ipil, San Antonio, Danhug, and Macabug. This event may increase the saturation
of this highly susceptible region to liquefaction. If this event will happen in the same time with flooding,
water depth on these areas will be worsen. There are no recorded tsunami event in the city.
Even there are no recent records of ground shaking triggering these hazards, considered at low risk, its
one-time event can post maximum disaster with prevalence of flood worsening the geo-physical
conditions for liquefaction, with the same areas where tsunami is susceptible. Planning with consideration
is still needed.
Data Offices
Fuel consumption (based on annual sales) Business Permits, Licensing and Franchising Office
Fuel type Land Transportation Office – Ormoc City
Population, fuel use, household City Planning and Development Office
Electricity consumption (residential, Leyte Electric Cooperative V
commercial, other uses)
Agriculture and Livestock data City Agriculture Office
Solid Waste data Environment and Natural Resource Division
Waste Water Data Environment and Natural Resource Division, City
Health Office
Forest Data City Planning and Development Office
Scope 1 includes accounting for solid waste treatment (12.46%) and waste water discharge (11.74%).
Using ICLEI Method, the solid waste generated in a daily average of 90 tons, equivalent to 32, 923 tons
annually, produced GHG emission of 19, 017.213 tonnes of CO2e. This accounts the semi-aerobic type of
the city-managed landfill located in Barangay Green Valley. This accounts to 76 out of 110 barangays
serviced by the city. All upland barangays are not serviced. For waste water, the 87% of population with
septic tanks accounted 18, 151.07 tonnes of CO2e.
Scope 2 emissions are based on electric consumption distributed by the LEYECO V. it is observed that the
other sources such as government and public infrastructure utilized the highest share at 18.20% (or 27,
565.78298 tonnes of CO2e), closely followed by residential use at 14.93% (or 22,615.7146 tonnes of
CO2e), and commercial use at 2.67% (or 4,037.690308 tonnes of CO2e). In 2017, LEYECO V recorded the
following break of electric consumption – 36, 995, 769 kWh (residential); 6, 484, 972 kWh (commercial),
and 45, 125, 295 kWh (other uses).
Figure 23. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Year 2017, Ormoc City
Target reduction level is 10% compared to baseline calculated at 136, 343.89 tonnes CO2e, with decrease
of about 15,149.32 tonnes of CO2e. An ideal scenario at 131,016.14 tonnes of CO2e requires decrease in
However, a mid-range scenario, a plausible scenario is calculated at 167,498.18 tonnes of CO2e with
consideration of agricultural lands expected to expand and increase its production, while decrease on
human activities that generate waste and fuel use be significantly decreased, with sink also decreasing.
This scenario will result to further increase of 36, 482.04 tonnes of CO2e or 11% increase compared to
baseline or 23% more (31, 154.29 tonnes of CO2e) versus ideal. This emission is still below 15% from the
BAU scenario in 2030.
The city envisions to be the renewable energy capital of the country, capitalizing with the operations of
Energy Development Corporation on the Tongonan Geothermal Plants, and solar farms in Dolores.
The Leyte Geothermal Production Field (LGPF) is considered the second largest wet steam-producing field
in the world. The Leyte geothermal plants supply power not only in the Eastern Visayas, but also to Central
and Western Visayas and part of Luzon via submarine cables. The production field has a total capacity of
2,000 Megawatts (MW) of which 20 Mega Volt Ampere (MVA) are intended for substations in Ormoc City.
The solar power farm can generate power with a total capacity of 30 Megawatts (MW).
1. The valley character of Ormoc provides physical susceptibility to flood events due to huge
amount of precipitation in two major watersheds – the urban development center within Ormoc
(Anilao-Malabasag) Watershed, and the production zones with human settlements in
Pagsangaan Watershed, particularly along the river traversing from the north boundary shared
with Kananga down to Ormoc Bay. Coastal areas as well as the lower portion of the production
zones are also susceptible to storm surges. A huge flood control project was implemented in
1998 to 2001 along Anilao River and Malbasag River that significantly abated flood events in the
city center. Recent typhoon records show occurrence of more than 4-hour flooding, once every
two years in the production zones. The two extreme typhoons recorded are TY Uring (Thelma) in
1991 causing flash floods in Ormoc Watershed, and TY Yolanda (Haiyan) in 2013 with strong
winds, both destroying agricultural produce and building structures. The same flood prone areas
are susceptible to geologic hazard such liquefaction (soil are formed from alluvial deposits) and
tsunami, which to be triggered by earthquakes. Flooding events enhance the susceptibility of
these areas due to water saturation. Recent records show three events in 2017 with magnitude
above 5.0 and intensity of 6. There is active volcanology in Leyte Province.
2. El Nino event in 2015-2016 had recorded damages to agricultural sector of PhP 22.453 million in
six barangays of Curva, Lao, Licuma, Margen, Rufina M. Tan, and Liloan.
3. The midlands and highlands are susceptible to landslide event due to intense rainfall and
earthquake. Earthquake in July 2017 had recorded damages to road networks and landslide within
the vicinity of Danao Lake Natural Park. These areas are included in the critical watershed of the
region. The remaining intact forest are observed in the midlands of Dolores, Cagbuhangin, and
Milagro.
4. Climate data suggest under high emission scenario (RCP 8.5) that the Leyte Province is to expect
temperature maximum increase of 2.3 C by 2020, and 4.1 C by 2050 in dry months of MAM and
JJA. In terms of precipitation, the months of DJF will expect maximum precipitation of 909.8 mmby
2020, and 1106.4 mm in 2050. This accounts additional rainfall of 220.3 mm and 416.9 mm,
respectively. Lowest rainfall is observed in the months of MAM at 318 mm, corresponding to
decrease of 23 mm. These observations aligned with the general expected conditions in the
country as dry seasons will become drier, and wet seasons be wetter.
5. The following are the direct impacts of these changes to each ecosystem.
Coastal Ecosystem.
TC1. Decrease in income of 1, 686 fisher folks from PhP 14,300 to PhP 8,580 due to decreased
work time and catch yield.
TC2. Occurrence of coral bleaching in 226.58 hectares of marine protected areas in 9 barangays,
increase in highly competitive crown of thorn fish species, and bank siltation covering 719
hectares of mangroves in Naungan, San Juan, and Lao, leading to fish migration.
Production Ecosystem.
TP1. Decrease in net income of rice production from PhP 165, 000 (PhP 13, 750/month) by PhP
31, 350 down to PhP 133, 650 (PhP 11, 137.5 /month) on two cropping season per year on 4, 540
rice farmers and 794 corn farmers (increase by 1 C leads to 10% decrease in production).
TP2. Decrease in water supply for irrigation covering 4, 337.5 ha of total 5, 791.5 ha of rice
production lands due to low ground water recharge rate and decrease in surface water volume
are expected, posting 10% to 15% yield decrease.
TP3. Decrease by 80% in inland aquaculture due to increase in water temperature from its current
production of 1.3 tons in 50 meter square pen/cage.
Forest Ecosystem.
TF1. Occurrence of wild forest fires, wildlife migration, and decrease of wildling production in 15,
508 remaining forest lands.
TF2. Decrease in volume of water in spring sources and continual degradation of the Bao River
Watershed.
Coastal Ecosystem.
RC1. Increase in siltation affecting coral reefs and mangroves, particularly exacerbated in Ipil and
San Antonio with gravel extraction activities.
RC2. Decrease in fish yield due to destruction of fish pens and inability to conduct open sea fishing.
RC3. Flooding event that transports coliform to Ormoc Bay from the residential areas along the
coast.
Urban Ecosystem.
RU1. Flood event that affect 153, 351 people equivalent to a tripled replacement cost of PhP 64.96
billion by 2030.
RU2. Submergence of houses to flood causing structural stresses to walls, ceilings, and floors and
damages to other domestic properties in 29 high risk barangays.
RU3. Decrease in income due to disruption of economic activities to an estimate 8, 000
participants of the informal economy, related to disrupted tourist flow due to suspended sea and
air transportation.
Production Ecosystem.
RP1. Flood event that will damage production in 32 high risk barangays at 3739.95 ha valued at
PhP 202.58 million in 2030.
RP2. Decrease of 50% in production every typhoon events.
RP3. Increase use of electricity for postharvest facilities
RP4. Flood event that decrease by 20% up to 100% on inland aquaculture production.
RP5. Increase water saturation that will enhance conditions for liquefaction.
Forest Ecosystem.
RF1. Landslide event on highly saturated and scattered forest cover areas, particularly in Lake
Danao.
RF2. Increase in siltation along tributaries transported by surface water run-off.
RF3. Increase in under-ground water recharge.
6. The following are the identified opportunities with these changes in climate.
a. Increase in temperature
This change may lead to temporal demand for mechanic work on installation of cooling units.
This may possibly lead to open business opportunities in the informal economy. Dry climate
may stabilize the flow of tourist. (TO1)
b. Changes in rainfall
This will lead to increase of available water for capture, storage, and use. There is an existing
Ordinance No. 32 for the Proper Harvesting, Storage and Utilization in Ormoc City being
implemented by the Office of the Building Official on new building applications. The current
redevelopment efforts on city parks and urban spaces are plausible entry point on including
this on the structural design. This will also be embedded on the current efforts to develop the
drainage and sewerage master plan. (RO1) This will also lead to increased opportunity to
cultivate assorted vegetables in 283.4 hectares in the uplands, with the availability of water
on impoundments. (RO2)
7. The following are impacts and opportunities of the changing climate to greenhouse gas emission.
a. The total GHG emission is 151,493.2035 tonnes CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) - 64.21%
(livestock), 30.69% (crops), electricity in public uses (18.20%), electricity in residences
(14.93%), solid waste treatment (12.46%), waste water discharge (11.74%), and electricity for
commercial use at (2.67%). (GHG1)
b. Forest sinks translated to removal of 53, 277.459 tonnes of CO2e, decreasing the emissions
by 35.17%. (GHG2)
c. Increase in temperature and rainfall will increase the demand of electricity in all types –
residential, commercial, and public uses. This will be high in the urban zones particularly in
8. Typhoon events with storm surge is currently at low risk, however a one-time event may affect
109,880 people equivalent to a PhP 32.97 billion. These areas coincides where high risk of flood
and high susceptibility of liquefaction are detected. Storm surge alert 4 was issued during TY
Yolanda (Haiyan) in November 2013 with 5.3 meter surge tide.
These development goals and objectives are supported by a spatial development strategy articulated in
CLUP, referred to as Structure Plan, identifying 9 growth nodes and sub-nodes. The city proper is identified
as major node coinciding with heritage nodes and transportation zones. Four secondary nodes includes
the identified industrial zone, airport area, the solar farm areas, and the geothermal plant areas. Minor
nodes are those zoned as agro-industrial areas. Eco-tourism nodes include cave sites in Nueva Sociedad,
and protected areas of mangrove forest in Naungan, and the Lake Danao Natural Park. These are been
translated to land use with 19 strategies. This leads to a long list of prioritized programs, projects,
activities.
On the other hand, the Comprehensive Development Plan and Long-term Development Investment Plan
identified 63 prioritized projects. From this, 35 projects are considered to be addressing results of the
climate and disaster risk assessments and greenhouse gas inventory. Note however that these PPAs are
generally articulated and to be pursued until 2027. The implementation of Local Climate Change Action
Plan is ranked 22nd tagged under environment management sector.
These adaptation goals are articulated in terms of increasing the adaptive capacity of people and the
ecosystem in order to reduce its vulnerabilities.
The following are the adaptation objectives developed for each ecosystem.
Below is the city’s mitigation objective. This is primarily anchored on implementing low-emission
technology in household to community level, increasing carbon sink in urban zones, and maintaining and
expanding forest cover.
Multi-stakeholder engagement. The city banks on the participation of the people, particularly on the social
acceptance of the project. Thus, social preparation activities are highly required in all projects, especially
those that will require movement and actual participation. Further, the city gives high regards to
participation of the private sector. Active engagements with the civil society, academe, non-government
organizations, and other groups will be practiced.
Policy-based initiatives. The city must ensure that all projects are based on local policies, consistent to the
development goals and objectives. The initiatives must be backed with sound business case, primarily
aligning with two major plans – the Comprehensive Land Use Plan-Zoning Ordinance and the
Comprehensive Development Plan.
Budget allocation and fund outsourcing. Funding of projects must be given importance in order for it to
be implemented. The city must ensure allocation from its local funds, particularly allocated in the Local
Development Investment Plan, and the Annual Investment Plan. Barangay-level funding is also
encouraged. The city will be actively seeking funding assistance from the private sector and other funding
agencies.
Local Ordinance on Open Sea Fishing Regulation in Ormoc Bay. This policy will dwell on the regulation on
number of fisher folks to be permitted for open sea fishing. Increase on number on currently registered
fisher folks may lead to carrying capacity issues. Strict regulation of registration and monitoring of fishing
activities will be conducted led by the City Agriculture Office – Fisheries Division. (CA1, CA3)
Local Ordinance on Green Building Architecture. This policy will require the exhibition of low-emission
development principles on new building applications. This will include passive cooling, water-saving
technologies, greeneries, and other possible efforts on the development. This will also encourage the
existing buildings to retrofit or renovate. (UA1)
Local Ordinance on Deployment of E-jeepney Program. This will layout the comprehensive goal and
direction of Mass Transportation Modernization Program for economic enterprise (Phase 2). (MO1)
Local Ordinance on the protection of Irrigated Agricultural Lands. This policy intends to protect the existing
irrigated agricultural lands. This will align with Zoning Ordinance and policy on land conversion. This will
highlight the role of agricultural lands in achieving food security. (PA1, PA2)
Local Ordinance on city declared protected network. This will identify and expand existing protected areas
both in marine and terrestrial ecosystem. (CA2, FA1, MO1)
Local Ordinance on Greenhouse Gas Inventory. This articulates the regular detection, processing, analysis,
and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. Mainstreaming data requirement on new building
applications will be implemented to capture emission level on private entities. The city government will
also monitor its emissions. (MO1)
Local Ordinance on Climate Change Action Council. This intends to create a long-term set-up of monitoring
climate data, identifying current and future impacts, implementing and monitoring action plan, and
developing a comprehensive local ordinance on climate action. (Cross-cutting)
Ordinance No. 032 An Ordinance for the Proper Harvesting, Storage and Utilization of Rainwater in Ormoc
City. This mandates the installation of water harvesting facilities on new building applications, monitored
by the Office of Building Official. (UA1)
Local Ordinance on Solid Waste Management. This is the adaptation of the national law on ecological solid
waste management, Republic Act No. 9003. This mandates the local government to implement for safe
and sanitary management. (MO1)
This river is responsible to the soil formation in this area that is highly fertile for planting. This also serves
as the natural drainage of flood. Increase on received amount of rainfall in Pagsangaan Watershed, even
without typhoon event, will ensure rise in the water. Typhoons enhance this flooding as the case of TY
Urduja (Kai-tak) in December 2017 classified as tropical depression, maximum winds of 55 kph and
gustiness 90kph, when it landfall in Samar Island. Its rainfall recorded in 15 December 2017 are as follows:
347.4 mm in Catarman, 331.2 mm in Catbalogan, 155 mm in Borongan, and 109.6 mm in Guiuan. This
enclosed the barangays of Liloan and San Juan with water, submerging farm lands, houses and roads. This
also resulted to outflow on fish pens, resulting to dispersal of produce.
It is reported that concrete flood control along the banks in the upstream in Bayog and Rufina M. Tan is
slowly degrading due to soil degradation. The same is observed in the same structures downstream in
Liloan. Distance between opposite banks without flood control or vegetation is observed to widen.
Controlling the water outflow will dramatically decrease the risk of these areas to riverine flooding.
However, an extensive study on the vegetation and soil characteristics of the river is highly needed to
properly identify the approach on its bank stabilization, and water control. This must also consider the
flow of surface runoff (coming from the rain, not a flood event), which drains on this river.
Activities. These are one-time or continuous initiatives that primarily target capacity building among
target beneficiaries.
1. Training of staff for coastal resource management. This is a capacity building activity that will
introduce management approaches of the coastal ecosystem, in particular to its conservation,
protection, and expansion. The participants are the staff of the City Agriculture Office – Fisheries
Division, and barangay officials of the following coastal barangays – San Juan, Lao, Naungan, Linao,
Punta, Batuan, Alegria, Tambulilid, Can-adieng, Camp Downes, Bantigue, Ipil, San Antonio,
Danhug, Macabug, and poblacion barangays 1, 2, and 12 in. This is to be implemented in 2019,
requiring PhP 500,000.00 and technical expertise. This will be led by the Fisheries Division with
the Department of Agriculture of Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, and other non-
government organizations. (CA1, CA2, CA3)
2. Information and education campaigns on solid waste management. This initiative will be
continued and expanded focusing on climate change impacts in regards to solid waste
management – increasing GHG emissions, waste enhancing flood events, sustainable
consumption and production. This targets the general population through its barangay councils.
This will be funded annually under its lead agency, Environment and Natural Resource Division.
This will implemented with the Barangay Affairs Office, the barangay councils, development
partners, and private institutions. (UA4, MO1)
3. Comprehensive enlistment of farmers to crop insurance. This initiative comprehensively includes
all 4, 540 farmers registered to the lead agency City Agriculture Office. This intends to ensure
benefits of receiving PhP 10, 000 per hectare for each farmers when its produce are affected by
major calamity. There is remaining 10% of farmers not registered. This will be implemented with
the Department of Agriculture. (PA3, PA6)
4. Conduct of farmer field school. This capacity building activity intends to widen understanding and
introduce sustainable approaches to agricultural production. This targets the 4, 540 farmers
registered to the lead agency City Agriculture Office. This will be implemented with the
Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Training Institute. (PA3, PA6)
5. Community-based surveillance and monitoring of diseases. This is a continuous approach to
immediately identify, document, assess, and report prevalence of diseases related to climate
changes – dengue, water-borne and skin diseases. The City Health Office will be the lead agency
with its network of barangay health workers, and the City Social Welfare and Development Office.
(UA2, UA3, UA8)
6. Lot acquisition for housing. This intends to solve the lack of public lots for relocation, identified as
the major impediment to Comprehensive Shelter Plan 2017-2025 implementation. The plan
targets the relocation of at risk population to flooding, particularly the informal settlers in
Naungan, Ipil, Linao, Can-adieng, and Camp Downes. This also includes ISFs in Bagong Buhay,
Curva, Danhug, Barangay (Pob.) 28, and Libertad. This is led by the Urban Poor Affairs Office of
the City Social Welfare and Development. (UA4)
Projects on knowledge base development. These are sets of projects intended to identify scientific
recommendations based on research and assessments.
Projects on formulation of support plans. These are sets of projects intended to formulate other plans in
particular in forest management and water management.
1. Formulation of Forest Land Use Plan. This plan intends to specifically delineate the protection,
production, and multi-use zone of the forest zone, mandated by the Department and
Environment and Natural Resources. This will be developed as input to two larger plans – the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Danao Lake Natural Park Management Plan. This will be
implemented in 2019. This will be administered by the City Planning and Development Office with
close coordination with the Environment and Natural Resource Division, and the City Tourism
Office. (CA2, FA1, MO1)
2. Formulation on Drainage and Sewerage Master Plan. This plan intends to lay-out the structural
requirement, develop the details of major component projects (including a water treatment
plant), identification of potential water source and its economic feasibility. This is an on-going
initiative expected to end by 2019. This will provide input in the Formulation of a Master Plan for
the Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development in Metro Ormoc. Both initiatives are under the
National Economic and Development Authority-Eastern Visayas Region Office, with close
engagement with the City Planning and Development Office and the City Engineer’s Office. (UA7)
Adaptation projects on natural ecosystem. This set of projects intends to stabilize the state of the natural
ecosystem, particularly in the coastal and forest ecosystems.
1. Construction of fish attracting devices. This intends to install fish attracting devices (payaw) in
Ormoc Bay in order to ensure catch production, which is expected to decrease with climate
Adaptation projects on built ecosystem. This set of projects intends to improve the conditions of the
urban system in the city center and identified urban corridors, particularly institutional buildings and in
parks and open spaces.
1. Installation of rainwater harvester. This project intends to showcase rainwater harvester project
in the city, and to be installed in the government-owned buildings, primarily in the City Hall
Complex, and urban spaces. This is to take advantage of increase in rainfall. This is to be
implemented in 2019 to 2021, with City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management as lead
implementing agency. This is also to be implemented in the site development of the public market
complex and a proposed commercial-parking building (old Gaisano building). This is in support of
Ordinance No. 032 requiring the same to new building applications on private buildings. (UA6,
UA9)
Adaptation projects in production areas. This highly interrelated projects intends to lower vulnerabilities
of the production zones with human settlements in Liloan, Licuma, and Curva, as well as inland
aquaculture sites in San Juan, Lao, and Naungan.
This set of projects intends to benefit the 4, 540 farmers. This will be led by City Agriculture Office, with
its main partners Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Training Institute and Bureau of Fishery and
Aquatic Resources. This will be implemented from 2019 to 2021.
a. Introduction of climate-ready variety of crops. This intends to introduce rice variety that will
be highly resilient on flood or drought. Further, aside from rice, crops that will grow optimum
Mitigation projects. These are projects identified that is highly linked in lowering GHG emissions of the
city.
1. Installation of solar panels. This intends to introduce the use of solar radiation as source of energy
in the operations of the government offices. This will be led by the City Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Office and respective offices. This is scheduled in 2019. (MO1)
2. Procurement and deployment of e-jeepneys. This intends to introduce and deploy public utility
vehicles, jeepneys, using renewable source of energy. This intends to procure 20 units of energy
efficient and hybrid vehicles related to the mass transportation modernization program for
economic enterprise (Phase 2). This will be led by the City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Office and respective offices. This is scheduled in 2019. (MO1)
This requires an executive order forming and mandating a technical group (i.e., climate change action
committee/council) to monitor, report and validate the progress and completion of these initiatives. This
must be composed by the climate change action champions of each concerned departments.
The technical group must meet quarterly to report updates on the project development. The report must
include the quantity and quality of progress, in particular the key indicators in achieving the objectives.
Monitoring must be conducted monthly or frequently as necessary by project development officers.
Validation must be conducted right after submission of monitoring report by project evaluation officers.
These two reports must be synthesized to the quarterly report, and must always be readily available.
A synthesis of the quarterly reports must be made available on the submission of annual accomplishment
report to the Local Chief Executive, and other requesting parties. All reports must be communicated to
the public regularly.
Program, Projects, Initiatives Objectives Technical Timeframe Lead Cost Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Score
Findings Agency
Activities
Training of staff for coastal CA1, CA2, CA3 TC1, RC2, 2019 CAO 5 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 22
resource management TC2, RC3 (Fisherie
s)
Information and education UA4, MO1 RU1, Continuous PAO, 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24
campaigns on solid waste GHG1-5 ENRD
management
Comprehensive enlistment of PA3, PA6 TP1, RP1, 2019 CAO 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23
farmers to crop insurance RP2, RP5, (Crops)
RO6
Conduct of farmer field school PA3, PA6 TP1, RP1, Continuous CAO 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 22
RP2, RP5, (Crops)
RO6
Community-based surveillance UA2, UA3, TU3, RU5 Continuous CHO 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23
and monitoring of diseases UA8
Lot acquisition for housing UA4 RU1 2017-2025 CPDO 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23
Projects on knowledge base development
Biodiversity assessment CA2, FA1, TC2, TF1- 2019 CPDO, 14 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 21
MO1 2, RF1-3, ENRD
GHG1-5
Comprehensive hydrology study PA1, PA2, PA3, TP1, TP2, 2019 CPDO, 18 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 20
UA7 RP1, RP2, ORWAS
RP5 A
Installation of climate Cross-cutting Cross- 2019-2020 CDRRM 14 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 21
monitoring system and facilities cutting O, CPDO
Projects on support plans
Formulation of Forest Land Use CA2, FA1, TC2, TF1- 2019 CPDO, 18 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 20
Plan MO1 2, RF1-3, ENRD
GHG1-5
1: Stakeholder Acceptability
2: Technical Feasibility
3: Urgency of Implementation
4: Ease of Implementation
5: Relative Effectiveness
6: Relative Cost
7: Mainstreaming Potential
8: Multi-sectoral Relevance
Data sets
Demography
2015 Census of Population and Housing. Philippine Statistics Authority
2015 Community-based Monitoring System
Climate data
PAGASA DOST
Hazard maps
UP NOAH
DENR-MGB
NAMRIA
Soil data
Philippine Rice Institute
DA-BAR
Reports
Villarin, J. T., Algo, J. L., Cinco, T. A., Cruz, F. T., de Guzman, R. G., Hilario, F. D., Narisma, G. T., Ortiz, A.
M., Siringan, F. P., Tibig, L. V. (2016). 2016 Philippine Climate Change Assessment (PhilCCA): The Physical
Science Basis. The Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management
Foundation Inc. and Climate Change Commission.
Cruz, R. V. O., Aliño, P. M., Cabrera O. C., David, C. P. C., David, L. T., Lansigan, F. P., Lasco, R. D.,
Licuanan, W. R. Y., Lorenzo, F. M., Mamauag, S. S., Peñaflor, E. L., Perez, R. T., Pulhin, J. M., Rollon, R. N.,
Samson, M. S., Siringan, F. P., Tibig, L. V., Uy, N. M., Villanoy, C. L. (2017). 2017 Philippine Climate
Change Assessment: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation. The Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate
Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Foundation, Inc. and Climate Change Commission.
Houses
No. of
made in Labor Labor Person Households
Informal Labor PWD PWD Malnourished
Household Household Year 2020 Year 2025 Year 2030 Year 2035 Year 2040 Year 2045 Year 2050 Population Male Female Make- Force Force Unemployed Unemployed Unemployed Dependent Dependent Dependent with below Malnourished Malnourished
Population Household Household Settlers Force (Male) (Female) Children
Population Size shift (Male) (Female) (Male) (Female) (Male) (Female) Disabilities Poverty (Male) (Female)
(Family)
Materials Line
Total 215,031 214,464 50,341 4.20 240,453 268,880 300,668 336,215 375,964 420,412 468,875 212,563 108,544 104,019 46,564 3,147 3,688 68,975 48,807 20,168 4,441 2,982 1,459 143,588 59,737 83,851 1,600 872 728 24,319 435 240 195
% 11.82% 25.04% 39.83% 56.36% 74.84% 95.51% 118.05% 51.06% 48.94% 6.76% 7.92% 32.45% 70.76% 29.24% 6.44% 67.15% 32.85% 67.55% 41.60% 58.40% 0.75% 54.50% 45.50% 52.23% 0.20% 55.17% 44.83%
Airport VA Rural 1,265 1,265 333 3.8 1,415 1,582 1,769 1,978 2,212 2,473 2,766 1,321 675 646 340 2 2 544 373 171 45 22 23 777 302 475 6 4 2 175 - - -
083738092
Urban-
Alegria I 1,426 1,410 324 4.4 1,595 1,783 1,994 2,230 2,493 2,788 3,083 1,046 525 521 308 9 3 305 178 127 32 24 8 741 347 394 15 12 3 175 1 - 1
083738001 Coastal
Alta Vista I Urban 4,476 4,173 961 4.3 5,005 5,597 6,259 6,999 7,826 8,751 9,123 3,133 1,571 1,562 763 37 14 794 522 272 25 22 3 2339 1049 1290 9 6 3 499 - - -
083738108
Bagong IIIE Rural 747 747 178 4.2 835 934 1,044 1,168 1,306 1,460 1,633 3,360 1,874 1,486 215 48 2 1,401 1,029 372 82 58 24 1959 845 1114 22 13 9 164 2 - 2
083738002
Bagong Buhay I Urban 5,935 5,935 1,155 5.1 6,637 7,421 8,299 9,280 10,377 11,604 12,975 4,489 2,190 2,299 1007 28 126 1,592 907 685 90 76 14 2897 1283 1614 40 26 14 334 9 2 7
083738109
Urban-
Bantigue IVB 2,946 2,946 719 4.1 3,294 3,684 4,119 4,606 5,151 5,760 6,441 2,250 1,096 1,154 565 3 99 655 515 140 191 139 52 1595 581 1014 39 18 21 128 - - -
083738004 Coastal
Urban-
Barangay 1 (Pob.) I 171 171 41 4.2 191 214 239 267 299 334 374 388 194 194 78 11 2 138 91 47 5 3 2 250 103 147 3 1 2 46 3 3 -
083738021 Coastal
Barangay 10 (Pob.) I Urban 452 452 145 3.1 505 565 632 707 790 884 988 151 67 84 49 - - 52 34 18 28 21 7 99 33 66 - - - 3 - - -
083738022
Barangay 11 (Pob.) I Urban 361 333 116 2.9 404 451 505 564 631 706 728 250 119 131 69 - - 105 49 56 9 7 2 145 70 75 6 2 4 7 - - -
083738023
Urban-
Barangay 12 (Pob.) I 181 175 43 4.1 202 226 253 283 316 354 383 98 46 52 32 - - 37 24 13 16 11 5 61 22 39 - - - 1 - - -
083738024 Coastal
Barangay 13 (Pob.) I Urban 338 338 82 4.1 378 423 473 528 591 661 739 267 127 140 84 - - 91 46 45 - - - 176 81 95 1 - 1 8 4 3 1
083738025
Barangay 14 (Pob.) I Urban 61 61 17 3.6 68 76 85 95 107 119 133 30 14 16 15 - - 14 9 5 12 9 3 16 5 11 - - - - - - -
083738026
Barangay 15 (Pob.) I Urban 228 228 66 3.5 255 285 319 356 399 446 498 197 100 97 56 - - 77 38 39 - - - 120 62 58 3 1 2 10 - - -
083738027
Barangay 16 (Pob.) I Urban 160 160 35 4.6 179 200 224 250 280 313 350 167 83 84 42 - 3 67 36 31 7 4 3 100 47 53 1 - 1 2 - - -
083738028
Barangay 17 (Pob.) I Urban 308 308 67 4.6 344 385 431 482 539 602 673 265 124 141 63 - 3 96 47 49 8 5 3 169 77 92 1 - 1 23 2 - 2
083738029
Barangay 18 (Pob.) I Urban 131 131 34 3.9 146 164 183 205 229 256 286 123 59 64 30 1 4 57 34 23 9 8 1 66 25 41 2 1 1 3 - - -
083738030
Barangay 19 (Pob.) I Urban 308 308 87 3.5 344 385 431 482 539 602 673 139 57 82 48 - - 46 34 12 23 21 2 93 23 70 1 - 1 2 - - -
083738031
Urban-
Barangay 2 (Pob.) I 30 30 10 3.0 34 38 42 47 52 59 66 21 12 9 11 2 3 8 7 1 7 7 - 13 5 8 - - - 1 - - -
083738032 Coastal
Barangay 20 (Pob.) I Urban 145 145 33 4.4 162 181 203 227 254 283 317 192 89 103 43 - 3 66 35 31 13 9 4 126 54 72 - - - 12 - - -
083738033
Barangay 21 (Pob.) I Urban 216 216 52 4.2 242 270 302 338 378 422 472 224 108 116 56 2 6 101 52 49 4 1 3 123 56 67 3 3 - 4 - - -
083738034
Barangay 22 (Pob.) I Urban 300 300 80 3.8 335 375 419 469 525 587 656 237 115 122 59 5 1 89 51 38 4 4 - 148 64 84 4 2 2 13 - - -
083738035
Barangay 23 (Pob.) I Urban 187 187 42 4.5 209 234 261 292 327 366 409 180 81 99 46 3 1 69 34 35 1 1 - 111 47 64 1 - 1 6 3 2 1
083738036
Barangay 24 (Pob.) I Urban 123 123 29 4.2 138 154 172 192 215 240 269 91 43 48 38 - 2 36 28 8 26 22 4 55 15 40 1 1 - 2 - - -
083738037
Barangay 25 (Pob.) I Urban 370 370 85 4.4 414 463 517 579 647 723 809 304 145 159 60 45 - 117 67 50 11 5 6 187 78 109 4 1 3 31 - - -
083738038
Barangay 26 (Pob.) I Urban 1,250 1,250 309 4.0 1,398 1,563 1,748 1,954 2,186 2,444 2,733 1,292 677 615 298 - 82 431 271 160 7 5 2 861 406 455 10 8 2 142 7 4 3
083738039
Barangay 27 (Pob.) I Urban 208 208 43 4.8 233 260 291 325 364 407 455 175 80 95 44 1 3 65 28 37 - - - 110 52 58 2 2 - 13 1 1 -
083738040
Barangay 28 (Pob.) I Urban 1,364 1,364 311 4.4 1,525 1,706 1,907 2,133 2,385 2,667 2,982 1,019 477 542 291 24 165 326 192 134 4 1 3 693 285 408 1 1 - 49 - - -
083738041
Barangay 29 (Pob.) I Urban 4,152 4,152 998 4.2 4,643 5,192 5,806 6,492 7,259 8,118 9,077 2,669 1,360 1,309 679 67 11 710 521 189 10 5 5 1959 839 1120 9 7 2 397 1 - 1
083738091
Barangay 3 (Pob.) I Urban 22 22 3 7.3 25 28 31 34 38 43 48 28 14 14 15 - - 12 9 3 5 5 - 16 5 11 - - - - - - -
083738042
Barangay 4 (Pob.) I Urban 555 555 108 5.1 621 694 776 868 970 1,085 1,213 498 243 255 121 - 1 163 90 73 22 17 5 335 153 182 1 - 1 59 - - -
083738043
Barangay 5 (Pob.) I Urban 32 32 8 4.0 36 40 45 50 56 63 70 36 19 17 13 - - 19 12 7 - - - 17 7 10 - - - - - - -
083738044
Barangay 6 (Pob.) I Urban 23 23 6 3.8 26 29 32 36 40 45 50 12 6 6 9 - - 9 5 4 6 3 3 3 1 2 - - - 1 - - -
083738045
Barangay 7 (Pob.) I Urban 96 96 28 3.4 107 120 134 150 168 188 210 103 44 59 34 - - 52 29 23 - - - 51 15 36 2 1 1 - - - -
083738046
Barangay 8 (Pob.) I Urban 89 89 20 4.5 100 111 124 139 156 174 195 52 29 23 15 - 3 20 12 8 5 2 3 32 17 15 - - - - - - -
083738047
Barangay 9 (Pob.) I Urban 80 80 23 3.5 89 100 112 125 140 156 175 23 11 12 17 - 1 7 4 3 5 3 2 16 7 9 - - - 2 - - -
083738048
Urban-
Batuan I 632 632 151 4.2 707 790 884 988 1,105 1,236 1,382 541 252 289 133 73 2 168 102 66 1 1 - 373 150 223 8 5 3 78 - - -
083738005 Coastal
Bayog VB Rural 1,309 1,309 307 4.3 1,464 1,637 1,830 2,047 2,289 2,559 2,862 1,150 620 530 270 1 40 353 271 82 7 3 4 797 349 448 12 5 7 198 - - -
083738110
Biliboy IIIE Rural 730 730 194 3.8 816 913 1,021 1,141 1,276 1,427 1,596 689 358 331 170 11 20 270 195 75 35 24 11 419 163 256 8 6 2 63 - - -
083738006
Borok IIIE Rural 2,262 2,262 507 4.5 2,529 2,828 3,163 3,537 3,955 4,422 4,945 1,855 935 920 432 4 105 578 440 138 41 35 6 1277 495 782 45 28 17 258 2 1 1
083738007
Cabaon-an IIIB Rural 446 433 103 4.2 499 558 624 697 780 872 947 426 224 202 102 - 4 166 125 41 16 13 3 260 99 161 3 2 1 31 1 1 -
083738009
Cabintan IIIC Rural 2,199 2,199 484 4.5 2,459 2,750 3,075 3,438 3,845 4,299 4,808 2,097 1,139 958 446 2 20 712 550 162 37 27 10 1385 589 796 21 8 13 306 10 3 7
083738093
Cabulihan IIIA Rural 2,095 2,095 487 4.3 2,343 2,620 2,929 3,276 3,663 4,096 4,580 1,556 779 777 367 3 107 556 382 174 12 9 3 1000 397 603 11 5 6 154 9 5 4
083738010
Cagbuhangin IIIA Rural 1,770 1,770 402 4.4 1,979 2,213 2,475 2,768 3,095 3,461 3,870 1,992 1,035 957 458 16 66 603 459 144 47 34 13 1389 576 813 7 5 2 242 1 1 -
083738011
Urban-
Camp Downes IVB 2,829 2,829 636 4.4 3,163 3,537 3,956 4,423 4,946 5,531 6,185 1,578 748 830 533 291 5 596 400 196 2 1 1 982 348 634 2 2 - 172 - - -
083738094 Coastal
Urban-
Can-adieng I 2,419 2,382 553 4.3 2,705 3,025 3,382 3,782 4,229 4,729 5,208 2,405 1,203 1,202 598 10 5 694 438 256 2 1 1 1711 765 946 18 9 9 258 - - -
083738012 Coastal
Can-untog IVB Rural 2,908 2,908 706 4.1 3,252 3,636 4,066 4,547 5,084 5,685 6,358 2,092 1,081 1,011 491 2 13 714 526 188 91 60 31 1378 555 823 32 14 18 281 1 1 -
083738013
Catmon IIIA Rural 1,007 1,007 272 3.7 1,126 1,259 1,408 1,575 1,761 1,969 2,202 892 461 431 223 - 17 279 209 70 13 8 5 613 252 361 11 6 5 161 - - -
083738015
Cogon Combado I Urban 6,772 6,692 1,317 5.1 7,573 8,468 9,469 10,588 11,840 13,240 14,630 4,331 2,084 2,247 1117 78 358 1,432 844 588 34 25 9 2899 1240 1659 36 15 21 289 - - -
083738016
Concepcion IIIA Rural 2,557 2,557 642 4.0 2,859 3,197 3,575 3,998 4,471 4,999 5,590 2,057 1,059 998 559 16 46 682 466 216 10 6 4 1375 593 782 13 10 3 334 2 1 1
083738017
Curva VA Rural 3,553 3,553 898 4.0 3,973 4,443 4,968 5,555 6,212 6,947 7,768 2,864 1,501 1,363 721 3 31 829 623 206 40 27 13 2035 878 1157 13 10 3 266 4 2 2
083738018
Danao IIIC Rural 1,585 1,580 379 4.2 1,772 1,982 2,216 2,478 2,771 3,099 3,454 1,619 842 777 363 362 2 452 356 96 3 1 2 1167 486 681 15 11 4 245 - - -
083738019
Rural-
Danhug IVB 1,232 1,232 264 4.7 1,378 1,541 1,723 1,926 2,154 2,409 2,693 1,015 493 522 229 2 10 349 234 115 62 47 15 666 259 407 6 4 2 88 1 1 -
083738107 Coastal
Dayhagan IIIA Rural 1,835 1,820 422 4.3 2,052 2,295 2,566 2,869 3,208 3,588 3,979 1,506 759 747 375 16 142 481 344 137 21 13 8 1025 415 610 9 8 1 221 11 7 4
083738020
Dolores IIIA Rural 3,306 3,304 760 4.3 3,697 4,134 4,623 5,169 5,780 6,464 7,223 3,107 1,641 1,466 761 262 47 1,066 747 319 34 28 6 2041 894 1147 16 9 7 331 2 2 -
083738049
Domonar IIA Rural 1,660 1,660 419 4.0 1,856 2,076 2,321 2,596 2,902 3,246 3,629 1,386 753 633 360 1 11 530 419 111 18 13 5 856 334 522 19 12 7 208 6 4 2
083738050
Don Felipe Larrazabal I Urban 1,491 1,480 357 4.1 1,667 1,864 2,085 2,331 2,607 2,915 3,236 1,283 627 656 321 5 - 215 137 78 27 21 6 1068 490 578 4 2 2 252 1 1 -
083738051
Don Potenciano Larrazabal VB Rural 819 819 181 4.5 916 1,024 1,145 1,281 1,432 1,601 1,791 800 409 391 178 1 - 219 176 43 4 3 1 581 233 348 2 2 - 149 - - -
083738104
Doña Feliza Z. Mejia I Urban 3,305 3,297 638 5.2 3,696 4,133 4,621 5,168 5,779 6,462 7,208 1,909 932 977 437 7 75 637 359 278 35 23 12 1272 573 699 9 9 - 154 6 5 1
083738111
Donghol IIIE Rural 2,308 2,308 525 4.4 2,581 2,886 3,227 3,609 4,035 4,512 5,046 2,359 1,268 1,091 619 3 6 815 623 192 3 1 2 1544 645 899 23 12 11 262 - - -
083738052
Esperanza IIA Rural 716 716 178 4.0 801 895 1,001 1,120 1,252 1,400 1,565 733 383 350 175 2 - 240 186 54 11 8 3 493 197 296 15 7 8 137 1 1 -
083738053
Gaas IIID Rural 1,169 1,169 273 4.3 1,307 1,462 1,635 1,828 2,044 2,286 2,556 1,091 583 508 263 - - 379 308 71 28 22 6 712 275 437 - - - 183 1 - 1
083738095
Green Valley IIA Rural 1,213 1,213 313 3.9 1,356 1,517 1,696 1,897 2,121 2,372 2,652 1,137 592 545 306 6 43 471 341 130 39 31 8 666 251 415 37 22 15 148 4 1 3
083738096
Guintigui-an VB Rural 2,144 2,144 544 3.9 2,397 2,681 2,998 3,352 3,749 4,192 4,687 2,139 1,090 1,049 528 4 27 735 572 163 29 22 7 1404 518 886 14 9 5 486 12 9 3
083738106
Hibunawon IIIA Rural 1,065 1,065 272 3.9 1,191 1,332 1,489 1,665 1,862 2,082 2,328 1,428 751 677 211 5 14 558 447 111 4 2 2 870 304 566 - - - 137 6 4 2
083738054
Hugpa IIIE Rural 719 719 165 4.4 804 899 1,005 1,124 1,257 1,406 1,572 4,134 2,133 2,001 180 2 7 1,617 1,158 459 72 9 63 2517 975 1542 1 1 - 142 19 - 19
083738055
Rural-
Ipil IVB 8,203 8,203 1,987 4.1 9,173 10,257 11,470 12,826 14,342 16,038 17,934 6,027 3,100 2,927 1638 139 16 1,680 1,304 376 63 48 15 4347 1796 2551 30 17 13 656 10 3 7
083738056 Coastal
Juaton IIIA Rural 2,071 2,071 527 3.9 2,316 2,590 2,896 3,238 3,621 4,049 4,528 1,888 960 928 494 - 23 822 515 307 34 23 11 1066 445 621 18 13 5 184 43 28 15
083738112
Kadaohan VB Rural 1,590 1,590 377 4.2 1,778 1,988 2,223 2,486 2,780 3,109 3,476 1,525 792 733 369 1 - 459 344 115 26 21 5 1066 448 618 6 2 4 141 - - -
083738105
Labrador (Balion) VB Rural 1,961 1,961 482 4.1 2,193 2,452 2,742 3,066 3,429 3,834 4,287 1,710 858 852 434 2 18 579 419 160 25 12 13 1131 439 692 27 11 16 274 3 2 1
083738003
Rural-
Lao IVA 4,970 4,970 1,147 4.3 5,558 6,215 6,949 7,771 8,690 9,717 10,866 4,202 2,150 2,052 1042 84 197 1,361 1,007 354 75 52 23 2841 1143 1698 21 14 7 705 - - -
083738057 Coastal
Leondoni IIB Rural 978 978 250 3.9 1,094 1,223 1,367 1,529 1,710 1,912 2,138 1,014 542 472 257 1 14 257 222 35 5 3 2 757 320 437 14 9 5 224 10 5 5
083738099
Libertad IVA Rural 3,681 3,681 870 4.2 4,116 4,603 5,147 5,755 6,436 7,197 8,048 3,257 1,638 1,619 777 47 51 1,200 811 389 107 71 36 2057 827 1230 24 11 13 330 - - -
083738058
Liberty IIID Rural 822 822 221 3.7 919 1,028 1,149 1,285 1,437 1,607 1,797 899 481 418 228 7 - 368 279 89 10 7 3 531 202 329 7 4 3 116 7 4 3
083738098
Licuma VA Rural 1,239 1,239 286 4.3 1,385 1,549 1,732 1,937 2,166 2,422 2,709 1,273 663 610 296 6 7 301 218 83 1 - 1 972 445 527 16 8 8 195 5 1 4
083738097
Liloan VA Rural 5,114 5,114 1,208 4.2 5,719 6,395 7,151 7,996 8,941 9,998 11,181 6,736 3,409 3,327 1627 18 4 2,256 1,621 635 386 228 158 4480 1788 2692 30 19 11 1,101 - - -
083738059
Urban-
Linao I 9,053 9,053 2,231 4.1 10,123 11,320 12,658 14,155 15,828 17,700 19,792 8,576 4,293 4,283 2137 224 91 3,028 1,904 1,124 30 20 10 5548 2389 3159 60 28 32 509 18 9 9
083738060 Coastal
Luna IIIA Rural 2,065 2,065 492 4.2 2,309 2,582 2,887 3,229 3,610 4,037 4,515 1,676 884 792 370 147 3 515 336 179 3 2 1 1161 548 613 1 1 - 127 1 - 1
083738113
Mabato IIA Rural 1,497 1,497 384 3.9 1,674 1,872 2,093 2,341 2,617 2,927 3,273 1,563 835 728 400 2 3 456 378 78 15 9 6 1107 457 650 14 6 8 172 - - -
083738114
Mabini IIIE Rural 1,150 1,150 293 3.9 1,286 1,438 1,608 1,798 2,011 2,248 2,514 926 470 456 226 3 1 281 225 56 9 8 1 645 245 400 5 3 2 79 1 - 1
083738061
Rural-
Macabug IVB 3,352 3,352 795 4.2 3,748 4,191 4,687 5,241 5,861 6,554 7,328 2,797 1,435 1,362 681 1 83 854 607 247 75 51 24 1943 828 1115 41 23 18 396 5 4 1
083738062 Coastal
Magaswi IIIE Rural 558 558 138 4.0 624 698 780 872 976 1,091 1,220 524 273 251 135 1 11 194 131 63 33 22 11 330 142 188 12 6 6 42 - - -
083738063
Mahayag IIIE Rural 632 632 142 4.5 707 790 884 988 1,105 1,236 1,382 542 292 250 115 2 2 159 116 43 - - - 383 176 207 1 - 1 98 - - -
083738064
Mahayahay IIIE Rural 529 529 132 4.0 592 661 740 827 925 1,034 1,157 577 306 271 133 2 17 201 147 54 7 4 3 376 159 217 5 2 3 80 - - -
083738065
Manlilinao IIB Rural 2,123 2,123 535 4.0 2,374 2,655 2,968 3,319 3,712 4,151 4,641 2,073 1,058 1,015 514 15 27 580 503 77 3 1 2 1493 555 938 29 18 11 428 7 2 5
083738066
Margen IVA Rural 3,361 3,361 799 4.2 3,758 4,203 4,700 5,255 5,876 6,571 7,348 3,302 1,694 1,608 802 4 25 704 599 105 87 81 6 2598 1095 1503 32 12 20 433 - - -
083738067
Mas-in VA Rural 2,071 2,071 521 4.0 2,316 2,590 2,896 3,238 3,621 4,049 4,528 1,968 1,017 951 467 20 29 615 485 130 59 34 25 1353 532 821 11 5 6 432 2 2 -
083738068
Matica-a VB Rural 3,204 3,204 810 4.0 3,583 4,006 4,480 5,010 5,602 6,264 7,005 2,983 1,499 1,484 791 67 69 811 673 138 14 10 4 2172 826 1346 27 13 14 404 1 1 -
083738069
Milagro IIIB Rural 1,978 1,978 463 4.3 2,212 2,473 2,766 3,093 3,458 3,867 4,324 2,228 1,150 1,078 558 20 10 816 580 236 81 57 24 1412 570 842 19 10 9 256 1 1 -
083738070
Monterico IIB Rural 1,091 1,091 298 3.7 1,220 1,364 1,525 1,706 1,908 2,133 2,385 1,111 560 551 297 54 - 333 282 51 12 10 2 778 278 500 13 6 7 186 1 1 -
083738071
Nasunogan IIIA Rural 1,522 1,522 371 4.1 1,702 1,903 2,128 2,380 2,661 2,976 3,327 1,510 781 729 378 2 33 499 369 130 15 11 4 1011 412 599 17 6 11 247 4 1 3
083738072
Rural-
Naungan IVA 4,623 4,623 1,022 4.5 5,170 5,781 6,464 7,228 8,083 9,039 10,107 5,075 2,600 2,475 1119 170 248 1,843 1,206 637 141 84 57 3232 1394 1838 29 14 15 569 2 1 1
083738073 Coastal
Nueva Sociedad IIA Rural 691 691 163 4.2 773 864 966 1,080 1,208 1,351 1,511 857 471 386 197 2 13 300 239 61 15
083738100
PCSG Barangay LikeOcc(Flood) UrbanRepCost Produce Cost NoFarmers Irrigation RoadBridgeCost(per meter)
083738092 Airport 4 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 54,954.60 134 33.64% 10000
083738001 Alegria 3 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738108 Alta Vista 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738002 Bagong 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738109 Bagong Buhay 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738004 Bantigue 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738021 Barangay 1 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738022 Barangay 10 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738023 Barangay 11 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738024 Barangay 12 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738025 Barangay 13 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738026 Barangay 14 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738027 Barangay 15 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738028 Barangay 16 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738029 Barangay 17 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738030 Barangay 18 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738031 Barangay 19 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738032 Barangay 2 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738033 Barangay 20 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738034 Barangay 21 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738035 Barangay 22 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738036 Barangay 23 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738037 Barangay 24 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738038 Barangay 25 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738039 Barangay 26 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738040 Barangay 27 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738041 Barangay 28 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738091 Barangay 29 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738042 Barangay 3 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738043 Barangay 4 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738044 Barangay 5 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738045 Barangay 6 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738046 Barangay 7 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738047 Barangay 8 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738048 Barangay 9 (Pob.) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738005 Batuan 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738110 Bayog 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 52,050.56 93 35.67% 10000
083738006 Biliboy 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738007 Borok 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 43,199.05 21 100.00% 10000
083738009 Cabaon-an 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738093 Cabintan 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738010 Cabulihan 3 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738011 Cagbuhangin 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738094 Camp Downes 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738012 Can-adieng 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738013 Can-untog 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738015 Catmon 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 50,294.12 102 90.67% 10000
083738016 Cogon Combado 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738017 Concepcion 3 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738018 Curva 6 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 54,302.33 137 100.00% 10000
083738019 Danao 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738107 Danhug 4 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738020 Dayhagan 4 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738049 Dolores 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738050 Domonar 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 43,981.48 62 100.00% 10000
083738051 Don Felipe Larrazabal 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738104 Don Potenciano Larrazabal 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738111 Doña Feliza Z. Mejia 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738052 Donghol 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738053 Esperanza 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 42,058.82 22 100.00% 10000
083738095 Gaas 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738096 Green Valley 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 52,637.63 213 38.60% 10000
083738106 Guintigui-an 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 29,527.85 3 100.00% 10000
083738054 Hibunawon 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738055 Hugpa 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738056 Ipil 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738112 Juaton 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738105 Kadaohan 6 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 54,768.17 195 8.07% 10000
083738003 Labrador (Balion) 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 50,122.52 56 58.57% 10000
083738057 Lao 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 44,726.56 70 100.00% 10000
083738099 Leondoni 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 51,306.82 148 34.67% 10000
083738058 Libertad 6 3000 Upland rice 55,000.00 26 100.00% 10000
083738098 Liberty 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738097 Licuma 6 3000 Upland rice 55,000.00 26 49.84% 10000
083738059 Liloan 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 27,007.87 18 100.00% 10000
083738060 Linao 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738113 Luna 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738114 Mabato 3 3000 Assorted vegetables 15,000.00 100.00% 10000
083738061 Mabini 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738062 Macabug 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738063 Magaswi 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738064 Mahayag 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738065 Mahayahay 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738066 Manlilinao 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 52,749.76 293 100.00% 10000
083738067 Margen 6 3000 Upland rice 55,000.00 166 81.35% 10000
083738068 Mas-in 6 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 54,485.49 267 5.76% 10000
083738069 Matica-a 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 46,621.05 70 100.00% 10000
083738070 Milagro 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738071 Monterico 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738072 Nasunogan 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 53,200.00 91 57.76% 10000
083738073 Naungan 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738100 Nueva Sociedad 1 3000 Upland rice 55,000.00 52 100.00% 10000
083738074 Nueva Vista 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738075 Patag 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738076 Punta 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738077 Quezon, Jr. 1 3000 Corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 21,402.44 15 100.00% 10000
083738078 Rufina M. Tan 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 48,377.48 85 89.19% 10000
083738079 Sabang Bao 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 50,433.79 149 0.00% 10000
083738080 Salvacion 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 53,076.92 78 63.10% 10000
083738081 San Antonio 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738082 San Isidro 1 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 46,788.08 12 100.00% 10000
083738083 San Jose 5 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 53,796.76 329 0.00% 10000
083738084 San Juan 6 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 49,863.01 34 100.00% 10000
083738088 San Pablo (Simangan) 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738086 San Vicente 3 3000 Upland rice, assorted vegetables 54,388.79 81 90.52% 10000
083738087 Santo Niño 1 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow) 50,833.33 46 100.00% 10000
083738089 Sumangga 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738101 Tambulilid 6 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738102 Tongonan 1 3000 0 - 0 0 10000
083738090 Valencia 5 3000 Upland rice, corn (OPV white, yellow), assorted vegetables 51,004.46 129 49.47% 10000