UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA

Department of Physics

PHY111: Geometrical Optics, Mechanics and Vibrations and Waves

Test 2 2009/2010

Duration: 2 Hours 28th October 2009

Wherever necessary use the following:

SECTION A: Short Questions: Weightage 25%

A1. How much work is required to raise a 300 g block that is initially at rest to a height of 2 m and
simultaneously give the block a velocity of 4 m s-1?
A2. A ball of mass 0.22 kg that is moving with a speed of 7.5 m s -1 collides head-on and elastically
with another ball initially at rest. Immediately after the collision, the incoming ball bounces
backward with a speed of 3.8 m s-1. If the velocity of the target ball after the collision is 3.5 m s -1,
calculate the mass of the target ball.
A3. A distance of 1.4 m separates two plane mirrors, placed horizontally and parallel facing each other.
If an object is placed 30 cm from the lower mirror, find the distance between the upper mirror and
the second image formed in the lower mirror.
A4. An object of height 4.0 cm is placed 8.0 cm in front of a spherical mirror that produces a virtual
image whose height is 6.0 cm. Calculate the magnification and the focal length of the mirror.
A5. A ray of light travelling in a material M 1 strikes an interface between materials M1 and M2 such
n1
that the angle of incidence is 40 o. If the angle of refraction in material M 2 is 50o, find the ratio
n2
of the refractive indices of the two materials and hence, determine the speed of light in material
M2 given that the speed of light in material M1 is 2.1 x 108 m s-1.

SECTION B: Long Questions: Weightage 75%

ANSWER ANY THREE (3) OUT OF THE FIVE (5) QUESTIONS

B1. (a) The rotor of an ultracentrifuge rotates at 40 000 revolutions per minute.
A particle in a test tube is 5.0 cm from the rotation axis.
(i) Determine the period of revolution. (2 marks)
(ii) What is the speed of the particle? (3 marks)
(iii) Calculate the centripetal acceleration in terms of acceleration ”g”. (5 marks)

(b) A small ball of mass m, suspended by a cord of length L, makes an angle θ with the vertical as the
ball revolves in a circle of radius r.
(i) In what direction is the acceleration? (2 marks)
(ii) Determine the speed and period of the ball in terms of L, θ, m and g (acceleration due to
gravity). (13 marks)
B2. (a) An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance equal to its radius of curvature.
Determine the magnification of the image formed. (7 marks)

(b) (i) Show that for a spherical mirror, the mirror formula can be expressed in terms of the
v
magnification, m, of the image with respect to the object in the form m  1  f where v is image
distance and f is focal length of the mirror. (2 marks)
(ii) A concave mirror forms, on a screen, a real image which is twice the size of the object. The
object and screen are then moved until the image is three times the size of the object. If the
shift of the screen is 25 cm, determine the shift of the object and the focal length of the mirror.
(16 marks)
[Hint: You may use the relation in Question (b)(i) without any fresh derivation]

B3. The Figure shows a rectangular slab ABCD of a

1 1 . 25
equiangular prism CDE made of glass of

n =
refractive index 1.50. A ray of light is incident
on the side AB in such a way that it passes i1
symmetrically through the prism.

(a) Copy and complete the ray diagram for this A n 2 = 1.50 n a = 1.00
combination and. (8 marks) E
D

(b) With the aid of the diagram, determine angle i1 . (17 marks)

B4. (a) A convex lens of focal length 10 cm forms a real image of an object placed at a distance of 20 cm
from it, along its principal axis. When a convex mirror was interposed between the image and the
lens at a distance of 10 cm from the lens, it was found that a real image of the object was formed
at the exact location of the object itself. Determine the radius of curvature of the mirror.
(9 marks)
(b) An object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. If a
concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed at a distance of 25 cm in front of the mirror,
determine the position of the final image formed and characterize it. (16 marks)

B5. (a) Two plane mirrors M1 and M2 are inclined with an angle θ (θ < 90 o) between them. Determine, in
terms of θ, the angle through which the final reflected ray from M 2 is rotated relative to the
original incident ray directed to M1. (7 marks)

(b) The projection lens in a certain slide projector is a single thin lens. A slide 24.0 mm high is to be
projected so that its image fills a screen 1.80 m high. The slide-to-screen distance is 3.0 m.
(i) Determine the distance between the slide and the lens; (5 marks)
(ii) Determine the focal length of the projection lens. (4 marks)

(c) An object is located 20.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens (concave lens) of focal length of
magnitude 32.0 cm.
(i) Draw the ray diagram for this arrangement. (2 marks)
(ii) Locate the image and characterise it. (7 marks)
END OF TEST 2