LESSON 3 - Schematic Symbols of

Electronics Components
COMPONENT/PART SYMBOL ACTUAL
1. RESISTOR
a. fixed resistor

b. potentiometer or
volume control
c. variable resistor
2. CAPACITOR
a. fixed capacitor
(non-polarized)
b. electrolyte filter
capacitor (polarized)
 COMPONENT/PART SYMBOL ACTUAL

c. variable capacitor
(gang tuning)
d. trimmer

3. SEMICONDUCTOR
a. rectifier diodes

b. light emitting
diode (LED)
c. Zener diode

d. bridge diode
4. LOUDSPEAKER
 COMPONENT/PART SYMBOL ACTUAL

5. TRANSISTORS

a. PNP transistor

b. NPN transistor

6. PLUG

7. WIRINGS

a. wires connected

b. wires not
connected
 COMPONENT/PART SYMBOL ACTUAL

8. GROUND

9. SWITCHES

a. single pole single

throw (SPST)
b. double pole
double throw (DPDT)
c. push button
normally closed
d. push button
normally open
e. rotary or selector
slide switch
 COMPONENT/PART SYMBOL ACTUAL

f. slide switch

10. AC TRANSFORMERS

a. step-down

b. variable output
voltage
c. inductor

d. coil

11. FUSE
12. PILOT LIGHT OR
LAMP
LESSON 4 – Diagram
used in Electronics
Block or circuit Diagram
- shows only the complete connections and interconnections
of the components as well as the flow or process in a circuit.
Pictorial or Schematic Diagram
- shows a more detailed description of the components. It
helps identify exactly where the components are installed for easy
troubleshooting.
LESSON 5 – Color Coding of Resistors
and Capacitors
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
- color coded resistance value
- 4 color bands
- 1st 3 color is the resistance
- 4th color represent the tolerance
 1st significant digit 2nd significant Represents the TOLERANCE
digit number of zeroes
(MULTIPLIER)
BLACK 0 0 0 -
BROWN 1 1 1 + 1%
RED 2 2 2 + 2%
ORANGE 3 3 3 + 3%
YELLOW 4 4 4 + 4%
GREEN 5 5 5 -
BLUE 6 6 6 -
VIOLET 7 7 7 -
GRAY 8 8 8 -
WHITE 9 9 9 -
GOLD - - Decimal point is after +5%
the first significant digit

SILVER - - Decimal point is before + 10 %

the first significant digit

NONE + 20%
Capacitor
- can store electrical charges or voltages
- the amount of electrical charge that can store ---
“Farad”
- FARAD (F)
- very large unit of capacitance
- can also be expressed in “millifarad”(mF),
“microfarad” (mF), “nanofarad” (nF), and
“picafarad” (pF)
PREFIX SYMBOL SCIENTIFIC MATHEMATICAL
NOTATION EQUIVALENT

Milli m 103 0.0001

Micro µ or u 106 0.000 001

Nano Ωn 109 0.000 000 001

Pico p 10-12 0.000.000 000 001

COLOR MULTIPLIER VOLTAGE
Black 1 microFarad 10
Brown 10 microFarad
Red 100 microFarad
Yellow 6.3
Green 16
Blue 20
Violet
Gray 0.01 microFarad 25
White .1 microFarad 3
Pink 35
LESSON 6 – Uses of the Multi-tester
or Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter
(V.O.M)
Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter (V.O.M)
- is a device with 3 different testers contained
in one case.
- V.O.M is used for measuring resistance,
measuring AC voltage, measuring DC voltage, and for
measuring current
 LEGEND:
10 1. Indicator zero corrector
8 2. Range selector switch
knob
3. Measuring terminal +

1 4. Measuring terminal –
COM (common)

5 6 5. OUTPUT (series
condenser)

7 2 6. 0Ω adjusting knob
7. Panel
8. Indicator pointer
10. Rear case
4
3
Ohmmeter
- this is the topmost scale of the multimeter which is
used to measure resistance and to test component --
such as diodes, capacitors, transistors and coils

TWO IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE DONE

BEFORE TAKING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
1. Select a proper range or multiplier in the function
selection.
2. Adjust the needle or the points to zero reading. This is
done by shorting together the two test prods and turning the
ohms adjustment knob slowly until the needle points
Voltmeter
- a device used to measure AC and DC voltages

- has 3 sets of scales

: scale is 0-10 V if the voltage is less than 10 volts
: 0-50 V when expected voltage is 50
: 0-250 V if the expected voltage is 250
Milliammeter
- used to measure small current flowing in a given circuit component

Measuring Procedure
a. Adjustment of meter to zero position
- turn the zero position adjuster
b. Range Selection
- select proper range for the item to be measured
- set first the range selector knob to the highest level
to avoid damage on the meter
A. Measuring DCV
1. set the range selector knob on appropriate DCV
range
2. Apply the black test pin to the minus potential of
measurement circuit and the red test pin to the plus
potential
3. Read the movement of the pointer by V and A scale

B. Measuring ACV
1. turn the range selector knob to an appropriate
ACV range
2. Apply the test leads to measured circuit
3. Read the movement of pointer V and A scale
C. Measuring DCA
1. Turn the range selector knob to an appropriate DCA
range
2. Take out measured circuit and apply the black test pin
to the minus potential of measured circuit and red test pin
to the plus potential. Observe circuit polarity.
3. Read the movement of the pointer by V and A scale.
Note: Connect the meter in series with a load

D. Measuring Resistance
1. Turn the range selector knob to an appropriate
resistance range
2. Short the red and black test pins and turn the zero ohm
adjuster so that the pointer may align exactly to zero ohm.
Note: If the pointer fails to swing up to 0 even when the 0
adjuster is turned full clockwise, the battery maybe defective
 LESSON 7 – Constructing a
Simple Electronic Project
A simple electronic project will be easy to construct if
the following hints are followed:
 working area should be well –ventilated and away
from children
 Read thoroughly the entire construction procedure
first and always refer to your diagram
 Observe safety rules and practices in doing your work
 Buy only original or high quality components
Some choices you can select from in
constructing a simple electronic project:

 HALF WAVE POWER SUPPLY

 FULL WAVE POWER SUPPLY
 FULL WAVE BRIDGE TYPE POWER SUPPLY
 DC OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY