HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR-CONDITIONING SERVICES

PART I

1 DESIGN CRITERIA AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 SCOPE

1.1.1 The work covered by this Section consists of manufacture, supply, installation and
maintenance of the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning installation for the
Project and includes the design, manufacture, inspection and testing at
manufacturer's premises, packing for export shipments, insurance, delivery to site,
erection, setting to work, adjusting, testing, balancing and handing over in perfect
operating and running condition including maintenance and all necessary
associated electrical works.

1.1.2 The specifications are intended to serve as general guidance and hence they do not
cover all aspects and details of HVAC system. Reference shall be made to other
particular specifications, conditions and requirements that should also be fulfilled.

1.1.3 In case of discrepancy between these general specifications and other particular
specifications, conditions and requirements, the Kuwait University shall be
consulted in writing for clarification.

1.1.4 In case of absence of any particular specifications, conditions and requirements,

either wholly or partly, compliance with these general specifications and
requirements is compulsory and no approval shall be given by Kuwait University
unless they are met with as minimum.

1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA

1.2.1 Coefficient of Heat Transfer

All necessary provisions shall be made to reduce the cooling loads and the
corresponding electrical demands by the proper selection of building materials.
Sufficient insulation for external walls and roofs, suitable building orientation,
shades and shading devices, area and type of glazing, etc. in order to achieve
economical designs.

The recommended "U" values for external walls should not exceed 0.10
b.t.u./hr./ft2/F equivalent to .49k cal/hr./m2/C and 0. B.t.u./hr./ft2/F equivalent to
0.343k cal/hr/M2/C for roof.

All necessary precaution shall be taken to ensure that the "U" values and all other
factors which are used in the H.V.A.C. design calculations are incorporated in the

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 building design.

1.2.2 Ventilation

A thorough analysis should be made to determine the necessary quantities of

outside air which should be brought into the HVAC system and the means of air
filtration. It is recommended that extract air and the infiltration be offset by
sufficient amount of outside air in order to keep the building under slight positive
pressure to prevent dust penetration. Applicable ventilation codes shall be
consulted and applied with utmost care, keeping in mind, that under the stated
severe weather conditions, treated outside air will impose considerable share on the
total loads and consequently on the total costs.

Primary stage of filtration of the outside air shall be provided with suitable outside
air louvres which are effective against the ingress of dust, combined with heavy-
duty and high holding-capacity or 10cm thick washable air filters, (for small and
medium installation) or self-cleaning interior type air filters (for large
installations).

1.3 CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

The equipment, materials and works covered under the Heating, Ventilation and
Air-conditioning Services shall generally be according to the following standards,
codes and regulations where applicable except where otherwise mentioned under
each particular clause.

K.S.S Kuwait Standard Specification.

MEW Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait, Codes and Regulations.
Codes and Regulations issued by other Kuwait Ministries and
Government Departments.
BSI British Standards Institute.
BSS British Standards Specifications.
ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Engineers.
AABC Associated Air Balance Council (National Standards for Total System
Balance).
ARI Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute.
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
AWS American Welding Society.
SMACNA Sheet Metal & Air-conditioning Contractors National Associations.
UL Underwriters Laboratories.
NFPA National Fire Protection Association.
CTI Cooling Tower Institute.

The publications to be taken into consideration shall be those of the most recent
editions. Standards other than those mentioned above could be accepted provided
that the standards chosen meet the minimum requirements of the specified

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 standards and the Contractor shall submit proof of this at the request of the
Engineer.

1.4 DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The Drawings, Specifications, schedules of Equipment and Bills of Quantities and

all other Contract Documents are complementary to each other and any material,
equipment, plant or works called for by either part shall be furnished by the
Contractor and included in the Contract as if called for by all parts. Should the
Tenderer discover any conflict, discrepancy, error or omission in the tender
documents, he shall notify the Employer in writing in reasonable time during the
tendering stage period for directions regarding such alleged conflict, discrepancy,
error or omission.

The Employer shall issue his instructions to all Tenderers by Supplement Notices
and each Tenderer shall comply with and allow in his rates for complying with
such instructions before submitting his Tender on the prescribed date.

The Contractor shall take into consideration that the drawings are meant to show
the general picture and layout with not much details and shall not reflect the final
execution of the works. The Contractor shall furnish all drawings, sketches and all
details required, and all items, parts and material necessary to make the installation
complete and ready to operate without any additional cost in price whether such
items are particularly specified or not.

The Contract Drawings shall indicate the extent and general arrangement of the
specified systems. If any departures from the Contract Drawings are deemed
necessary by the Contractor, details of such departures and reasons therefore shall
be submitted as soon as practicable to the Engineer for approval. No such
departures shall be made without the prior written approval of the Engineer.

The works covered by this Specification in general shall be sized, located and
performed as indicated on the drawings and in the Specifications. They shall be
installed and adjusted in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions and these
Specifications to ensure that they fulfil the design conditions. However, the
Contractor shall be responsible for checking and making sure that the systems
design, drawings and schedule of all equipment satisfy the design requirements.
The design, drawings and schedules shall not relieve the Contractor of his
obligation towards proper selection and functioning of all specified equipment. If,
after the systems are in operation, any equipment and any work should appear
inconvenient, abnormal, or give unsatisfactory operation after adjustment, the
Contractor shall replace them with a type selected by the Engineer and shall make
any other changes that may be necessary without any additional charges to the
Employer.

The Contractor shall install the works as closely as possible to the layout shown
and the layout shall be checked and exact locations shall be determined by the
dimensions of the equipment approved. The Contractor shall be responsible for co-
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 ordination of his drawings for space clearance with the works of other trades and
services affecting his works and shall consult the architectural and structural
drawings for all dimensions, openings, clearances, partitions, false ceilings, beams,
expansion joints, structural supports, foundation details, etc. before submitting the
working drawings for approval.

1.5 DESIGN CONDITIONS

1.5.1 Climatic Conditions

The climate is severe in summer; between May and September very high ambient
temperatures are experienced. The ambient temperature in the summer months
reaches just above 50oC. in shade. From October to April temperatures are
generally moderate but extreme temperatures of -3oC. have been recorded.
Rainfall is scarce but the intensity of the precipitation may be considerable.
Storms during which 25mm of rainfall in one hour have been recorded. The
prevailing winds are from the North West with secondary winds from the South
East. Velocities are usually below 6-7 metres per second (13.4 to 15.6 m.p.h.) and
winds of over 15 metres per second (34 m.p.h.) are rare, although gusts of 33
metres per second (75 m.p.h.) have also been recorded. Relative humidity of 100%
has been registered at a temperature of 29.4oC. (85oF.). Fine dust is always found
in the atmosphere and sand-storms occur.

1.5.2 Geographical Data

Altitude : Kuwait City and Coastal Areas - Sea Level,
Interior Districts is +200M.
Latitude : 29.5o N. Kuwait City.
Longitude : 47o E. Kuwait City.

1.5.3 Outside Design Conditions

Summer : 46oC. (115oF.) DB & 28oC. (82oF.) WB.
Winter : 4.5oC. (40.1oF.) DB & 2oC. (35.6oF.) WB.
Daily range
in summer : 13.33oC. (24oF.).

1.5.4 Indoor Design Conditions

For residences, offices, assembly halls and the like:

Summer : 24oC. (75oF.) & 50% RH.
Winter : 22oC. (71.6oF.) & 40% RH
For Hospitals:
Summer:
Patient rooms: 24oC. (75oF.) & 50% RH.
Pharmacies, Labs: 24oC. (75oF.) & 50% RH.
Operation Theatres, intensive care and the like: Variable from 22oC. (71.6oF to 68.)
& 50%-60% RH.

Tolerances for room temperature and relative humidity swing:

Temperature : + 10C
RH : + 5%
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 NOTES:
1) The above relative humidities are for general comfort conditions. For other
special applications with controlled RH such as hospitals, operation rooms,
computer rooms, research laboratories, etc., reference shall be made to other
applicable codes and or specific requirements.
2) The above dry bulb temperatures are for general comfort conditions. For
other special applications, reference shall be made to other applicable codes
and or specific requirements.
1.5.5 Permissible Sound Levels

The following Noise Ratings shall not be exceeded :

Location db NC Level
General Office 40 35
Private Office 35 30
Meeting Rooms 35 30
Corridor 45 40
Library 40 35
Cafeteria 50 45
Auditorium 35 30
Mosque 35 30
Lecture Halls 45 40
Class Rooms 40 35
Residences 35 30
Wash Rooms and Toilets 50 45
Kitchen and Laundries 50 45
Multi-purpose Halls 35 30
Hospitals:Foyer 45 40
35 30
Bedrooms
35 30
Wards
45 40
laboratories

Sound measurements shall be made at 1 meter distance from the grille or diffuser
within the area served and measured on scale "A" of approved sound level meter.

Sound attenuators/duct liner shall be installed where indicated on the drawings and
wherever required to achieve the above permissible sound levels. The Contractor
shall submit the calculation of sound attenuation for HVAC System to prove that
the room sound levels are maintained.

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1.6 TESTING, COMMISSIONING, BALANCING, HANDING OVER &
MAINTENANCE

1.6.1 Inspection and Testing During Manufacture

The Engineer shall be entitled to all reasonable times during manufacture to

inspect, examine and test on the Contractor's premises the materials and
workmanship of all plants to be supplied under the contract and if part of the said
plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain for the
Engineer, permission to inspect, examine and test as if the said plant were being
manufactured on the Contractor's premises. Such inspection or testing, if made,
shall not release the Contractor from any obligations under the Contract.

The above test and inspection may be carried out by an internationally recognised
authority appointed by the Engineer.

Routine tests for various equipment shall be carried out and any material or
works which do not comply with the Specification or do not pass the specified
test, shall be replaced or made good at the Contractor's expense.

The Contractor shall also submit original copies of all type test certificates for
various equipment and if the Engineer is not satisfied with the results of any type
test, then such type test shall be repeated at the Contractor's expense.

Where the Contract provides for tests on the premises of the contractor or of any
Sub-Contractor, the Contractor shall provide such assistance, labour, materials,
water, electricity, fuel, stores, apparatus, instruments etc. as may be required to
carry out such tests efficiently, at no extra cost.

1.6.1.1 Test Certificates

All main results, test certificates and performance curves shall be supplied in
triplicate for all tests carried out pursuant to the provisions of the Contract. These
results and tests certificates as well as the performance tests shall be supplied for
all tests whether the Engineer has attended them or not. Information contained in
these Certificates and curves shall be sufficient to identify the related appliances
or equipment and shall be marked with the reference of the Contract.

1.6.1.2 Samples

The Contractor shall supply free of charge the samples for inspection/tests
required by the Engineer to enable him to determine the quality of the
equipment/material supplied and all the tests shall be made at the expense of the
Contractor. Should a tested or inspected sample not meet the requirements of the
related specification, the Engineer may refuse any equipment containing this
sample.

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 All approved samples shall be kept under the custody of the Engineer till the
completion of the project and shall be returned to the Contractor thereafter.

1.6.2 Inspection and Testing on Site

Upon completion of the installation, but before insulation and covering are
applied, all piping, duct work, and equipment shall be inspected and pressure
tested and proved absolutely tight in the presence of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in writing five (5) days before the date
after which he will be ready to make such tests on site.

All equipment, instruments, facilities, log sheets, test forms, labour, tools etc.
required to properly conduct the tests shall be furnished by the Contractor. All
tests must be to the satisfaction of the Engineer and approved by him.

1.6.2.1 Equipment & Pipe Pressure Testing

Each system of piping shall be tested after portions of Mechanical Works are
completed. Any revisions made in piping system after installation will subsequently
necessitate re-testing of such affected portions of piping system.

Defective material or defects in workmanship that develop during tests shall be

remedied and the system shall be re-tested. The Contractor shall be responsible for
any damages during testing.

Piping shall be tested in accordance with the American Standard Code for pressure
piping by maintaining the required pressure during the test. Use water pumps for all
water pressure tests.

Piping for heating refrigeration and air-conditioning system shall be subjected to test
pressure of not less than 1.5 times the system pressure, and duration of 4 hours
minimum. Equipment or other piping system components with a working pressure
below test pressure shall be isolated from the system during testing and then tested to
the required working pressure.

Boilers, pressure vessels and the like shall be tested and inspected in accordance with
the latest rules and safety regulations of automatic fire package boilers and pressure
vessels as directed by the Engineer or any other authority appointed by him, and to
his satisfaction. Copies of factory test forms shall be presented by the Contractor
before the tests are carried out on site.

Refrigeration pipework and systems shall be tested in accordance with pressure tests
listed in the American Standard Safety Code for Mechanical refrigeration and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.

1.6.2.2 Duct Leakage Testing

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 All duct work shall be field-tested during construction prior to insulation or
concealing in masonry, shafts or above false ceiling. Low pressure duct systems
shall be constructed to mean that no air leakage is noticeable, and shall be
visually tested (Smoke Test).

Test duct lengths shall not be in excess of 30 metres for risers and 45 meters for
horizontal ducts.

Duct risers and branches shall be individually tested. Each riser and branch shall
be isolated from remainder of system by seals, plugs or caps.

Risers installed in shafts shall be tested in sections to allow erection of shaft wall
and duct insulation. Adequate duct tightness shall be based upon a maximum
leakage factor of 1%. Leakage factor allowable shall be based upon the total
operating air volume cubic meter/hr. of section of duct under test.

Duct leakage testing procedure for medium and high pressure systems shall be
as follows:
1. Separate duct work to be tested in sections and carefully seal all openings
in the section to be tested.

2. Perform the testing by orifice tube and the test kit shall consist of:
a. Test blower.
b. Calibrated orifice tube.
c. Two manometers
d. Flexible tubing for connecting to the duct system.

3. Connect the test apparatus to the test connection in the system. The
system static pressure tap shall be at least 300mm from the test
connection. Static pressure taps in the orifice tube shall not be used to
read system static pressure.

4. Block off the inlet opening of the test blower before the test blower is
started. Then open the inlet opening slowly to prevent over pressurising
the system.

5. Determine flow across the orifice by the following equation (for standard
air):
Q = 4004 CA (PD)1/2
Where Q = CFM
C : Orifice coefficient
A : Area of orifice in square feet.
PD: Pressure difference between system SP and orifice tube SP.

1.6.2.3 Electrical Equipment Testing

All electrical equipment shall be cleaned and adjusted on site before application
of power. The following tests shall be carried out:

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 a) Wire and cable continuity tests.

b) Insulation resistance tests, phase to phase and phase to earth, on all circuits
and equipment, using a 500 volt megger. The megger reading shall be not
less than one meg. ohm.

c) Earth resistance between conduit system and earth must not exceed half
(1/2) ohm.

d) Phasing out and phase rotation tests.

e) Operating tests on all protective relays to prove their correct operation

before energising the main equipment.

Any leaks or faults discovered during such tests shall be remedied at once by the
Sub-Contractor at his own expense and the tests repeated until the Engineer is
satisfied that the section under tests is sound and the Engineer's decision whether
the test is sound or not shall be final.

After each test a signed Certificate of Approval shall be obtained from the
Engineer.

1.6.2.4 Visual Checking

1. Checking to ensure that the plant and components are complete according to
the as-built drawings.

2. Checking the external suitability, such as complete paint work, enamelling,

cleanliness of equipment and plant accessibility of maintenance.

3. Checking the construction of the whole of the ducting and piping systems,
with accessories (air silencers, intake and outlet insulation etc.) mounting
fixtures, weather-protection gratings, inspection openings, etc. including
builders work construction.

4. Checking the installations and mounting of equipment and accessories.

5. Checking the construction of all components of the control system to ensure

a technically correct and complete installation.

6. Checking the cleanliness of the air filters and also the availability of
replacement elements and air resistance indicators.

7. Checking the sealing of openings to and from rooms.

8. Checking the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning ceiling installations

(assembly, demountability, acoustic lining and insulation).

The above visual checking shall be performed by the contractor and in the
presence of the Engineer. Contractor shall submit check list for each inspection
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 to the Engineer for his approval.

1.6.3 Cleaning and Adjusting

Pipes shall be cleaned free of scale and thoroughly flushed of all foreign matter.
Temporary by-pass shall be provided for all water coils to prevent flushing water
from passing through coils. All strainers and valves shall be thoroughly cleaned.

The ducts, plenums, and casings shall be thoroughly cleaned of all debris and
blown free of all small particles of rubbish and dust and then shall be vacuum
cleaned before installing outlet faces. Equipment shall be wiped clean, with all
traces of oil, dust, dirt or paint spots removed. Temporary filters shall be
provided for all fans that are operated during construction, and new filters shall
be installed after all construction dirt has been removed from the building, and
the ducts, plenum and casings and other items specified herein before have been
vacuum cleaned. It shall be the responsibility of the contractor to maintain the
system in this clean condition until final acceptance. Bearings shall be properly
lubricated with oil or grease as recommended by the manufacturer.

Belts shall be tightened to proper tension. Control valves and dampers and other
miscellaneous equipment requiring adjustment shall be adjusted to setting as
indicated or directed. Fans shall be adjusted to the speed indicated by the
manufacturer to meet specified conditions.

1.6.4 Total System Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB)

Total System Testing, Adjusting and Balancing shall be done by and on the
responsibility of the Contractor, who will employ an independent company
specialized in testing and balancing of air conditioning systems to test, regulate
and adjust air distribution systems, water distribution systems and equipment and
apparatus connected there to conform to capacities indicated on the drawings.

The testing company should have past experience in this type of work and should
have satisfactorily tested and adjusted at least three systems of comparable types
and sizes. The testing company will not be accepted if it has any affiliations with
Contractors or manufacturers.

The testing company should be certified by the Associated Air Balance Council
(AABC) or approved equal. Qualified companies who are not members of
AABC will also be considered.

1.6.4.1 General Requirements

a) Give the Engineer seven days notice before conducting the tests and carry
out all tests in the presence and to the complete satisfaction of the Engineer.

b) Include for all testing and commissioning, the provision of the necessary
instruments and equipment and the supply of supervisory staff and skilled
and unskilled labour. Demonstrate the accuracy of the instruments if
required. Test after erection of the installations or sections of the
installations or plant items to show that they comply with the requirements
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 of the Contract documents and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

c) Where necessary, test the installations in sections to suit work progress. The
number of tests required will be at the discretion of the Engineer.

d) Demonstrate to the complete satisfaction of the Engineer that the installation

or any portion thereof, which has been set to work, complies with the
requirements of the Specification.

e) Rectify any defects of workmanship, materials and performance, mal-

adjustments, non-compliance with this Specification or other irregularities
which become apparent during the tests, at no additional cost to the
Employer. After rectification, repeat tests, at the Contractor's expense, until
the whole is proved free from defects and in complete working order to the
complete satisfaction of the Engineer. All systems shall be left sound and
correct.

f) The testing company shall visit the job site when fabricated duct work is
delivered and when hanging is in the very early stages and the installation is
well along but before any closing-in, to verify to his satisfaction that all
fittings and air volume control devices and water regulating valves are of the
proper type or properly fabricated and are installed as per specifications and
that he will be able to balance the systems as required herein

g) The Contractor shall furnish any special fittings or devices in the piping and
duct system as may be required by the testing agency's instrumentation to
obtain the required data.

h) Prior to any air volume testing, any furred spaces, chases, shafts, etc. which
are to handle air directly without the use of sheet metal ductwork, shall be
tested for leakage. First seal or otherwise prevent the leakage of air through
cracks or porous materials in these spaces. All voids around conduit,
ductwork or other services which pierce the construction shall be caulked
air-tight. Before making final duct connections and register installations to
such spaces, all such openings shall be sealed off. The testing agency shall
provide a source of metered air to apply approximately twice the static
pressure, as determined by the Engineer, to the space. The leakage of air
into or out of the space shall be recorded. Leakage shall not exceed 2% of
the design air volume to be handled in the shaft or plenum spaces.

i) Air volume at each inlet and outlet shall be adjusted to within 5% of that
shown on the drawings. All test data shall be recorded.

j) Upon completion of the work, submit three copies of the complete test and
balancing reports.

k) Permanently mark the settings of all valves and other adjustment devices in
a manner that will allow the settings to be restored. Set and lock any
balancing device which is provided with a memory stop.

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 l) The performance of all components of equipment shall be tested under all
possible variations of loads, flow conditions, temperatures, etc. which can be
simulated on the job by utilizing any of the heating or cooling equipment.

m) All testing and or balancing shall be performed in accordance with National

Standards for Total System Balance (latest edition) as published by the
Associated Air Balance Council (AABC).

1.6.4.2 Submittals

Submit to the Engineer for approval the name of the firm the Contractor proposes
to use for work, plus the name, experience and qualifications of the Test and
Balancing Engineer.
The selected firm shall submit to the Engineer:-
1. Detailed Procedures.
2. Agenda.
3. Certified test reports signed by Test and Balance Supervisor who performed
Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) work. In addition, have report
certified by the Engineer.

Include identification and types of instruments used and their most recent
calibration date with submission of final test report.

Include in maintenance manuals, copies of certified test reports.

1.6.4.3 Job Conditions

Do not proceed with testing, adjusting and balancing work until work has been
completed and is operable. Ensure that there is no latent residual work still to be
completed, and the system has been started-up.

Start-up shall include the following:

1. All equipment operable in safe and normal condition.

2. Temperature control systems installed complete and operable.
3. Proper thermal overload protection in place for electrical equipment.

4. Air systems:
a) Final filters clean and in place. If conditions warrant, the Contractor
shall install temporary media in addition to the final filters.
b) Duct systems clean of debris.
c) Correct fan rotation.
d) Fire and volume dampers in place and open.
e) Coil fins cleaned and combed.
f) Access doors closed and duct and caps in place.
g) All outlets installed and connected.
h) Duct systems leakage shall not exceed the rate specified.

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 5. Water System:

a) Flushed, filled and vented.

b) Correct pump rotation.
c) Proper strainer baskets clean and in place
d) Temporary start-up strainer baskets removed.
e) Service and balance valves open.

1.6.4.4 Instruments

Have in possession the required instrumentation to obtain proper measurements.

Properly maintain and transport instruments in such a manner as to provide
protection against damage due to vibration, impact, moisture or any other
condition that may render them inaccurate.

Have instruments calibrated within a period of six months prior to starting the
project. Maintain proof of calibration with the instrument.

Recalibrate instruments upon completion of the work when required by the

Engineer to prove reliability.

Use only instruments which have the maximum field measuring accuracy and are
best suited to the function being measured.

1.6.4.5 Patching Materials

Except as otherwise indicated, use same products which are used for installation
for patching holes in insulation, ductwork and housings which have been cut or
drilled for test purposes, including access for testing instruments, attaching jigs,
and similar purposes.

At Engineer's option, plastic plugs with retainers may be used to patch drilled
holes in ductwork and housings.

Refer to other relevant sections of the HVAC installation for materials to be used
for patching of holes in insulation, ductwork and housings which have been cut
or drilled for test purposes.

1.6.5 Functional and Performance Tests

1.6.5.1 Air System

Thermostats setting adjustment shall be tested together with the air heaters and
air coolers. The performance of differential-pressure switches at filters shall be
checked.

After adjustments at supply and return air systems are made, the following items
shall be re-checked and re-adjusted if required.

- Blower RPM and motor full load amperes.

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 - System static pressures, both at suction and discharge.
- System re-circulated air and outdoor air, DB & WB temperatures.

Air flow pattern shall be tested for freedom from draughts during a heating
period, and during a cooling period in the occupied areas by means of an air flow
tester.

Room inside conditions (for each room) DB & WB temperatures should be

checked and recorded.

The automatic back-draft dampers at roof fans and the operation of damper
positioning motors shall be tested.

The manual switches and the main disconnection switches external to the main
air-distribution and extraction equipment shall be tested together with the
associated operation and fault lamps.

1.6.5.2 Water System

After adjustments to the coils are made, settings at pumps, chillers and boiler shall be
re-checked and re-adjusted if required.

Pressure gauges shall be installed on each coil, then the pressure drop through the
coil at set flow rate shall be recorded for full cooling and full heating operation.
The pressure drop across the by-pass valve shall be set to match the coil full flow
pressure drop. This prevents unbalanced flow conditions when coils are on full by-
pass. The following items shall be re-checked and recorded at each cooling and
heating equipment:

- Inlet water and air temperatures.

- Leaving water and air temperatures.
- Pressure drop of each coil.
- Pressure drop across each valve.
- Pump operating suction and discharge pressures and final total discharge head.
- Rated and actual running amperage of pump motor.
- Water and metering device readings.

Interlocking devices shall be checked to make sure that the refrigerating

compressors shall not start unless the condenser water pumps, chilled water pumps
and/or cooling tower fans are running.

Differential pressure switches or flow switches shall be checked to make sure that
the refrigerating compressors cannot start unless a sufficient volume of water is
flowing through the chiller and condenser. The same procedure shall be followed
to check the boiler performance.

Lubricating oil pumps shall be checked to make sure that in case the refrigerating
compressor stops for any reason, the lubricating oil pumps shall continue to run
until the compressor comes to a standstill.

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 Automatic controls shall be checked to make sure that the refrigerating compressor
will stop running in the event of: - Failure of lubricating oil supply.
- Unduly high refrigerant discharge pressure.
- Unduly low refrigerant suction pressure.
- Unduly low water temperature leaving the chiller.

The operation of humidistats and humidifiers shall be checked to make sure that the
humidifier shall not operate in the event of a power failure or fan shut-down.

The manual switches at the switching cabinet shall be tested together with the
associated operation and fault lamps.

Water chillers, hot water boiler and cooling towers shall be tested for capacity at
the set design conditions.

1.6.5.3 Sound Test

Tests to demonstrate compliance with sound level requirements shall be

conducted in selected areas of the buildings. Readings shall be measured in
decibels on the "A" scale of an approved sound level meter.

Readings shall set forth the total random sound level of the selected area with the
system in operation as compared to total background sound level with the system
not in operation.

If sound levels are above the specified levels, adjustments shall be made to bring
the sound level within the range. If this cannot be done with the equipment as
installed, recommendation shall be made to correct the sound level to within the
specified range.

Sound level readings shall be taken at air diffusers grilles, or registers,

approximately 1.5 meters above the floor, on a line approximately 45o to the
centre of diffusers, grilles or registers.

1.6.6 Reliability Tests

After satisfactory completion of total system balance, the Contractor shall be
responsible for running reliability tests for all plant and equipment.

During the reliability tests, the independent balancing and testing company will
provide spot check readings as requested by the Engineer and sufficient
additional readings to confirm that system balance is being maintained. The
reliability tests shall be made under the full time skilled operators for running the
plant during the whole test period.
Each reliability test shall last for a period of 31 consecutive days during which
time the whole of the plant under test shall operate continuously without
adjustment or repair to the satisfaction of the Engineer. In the event of any repair
or adjustment having to be made other than the normal running adjustment, the
test shall be void and the installation shall be re-tested after the re-adjustments or
repairs have been completed.
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 A test shall not be void due to circumstances outside the control of the
Contractor.

The whole reliability tests of the cooling system shall take place during the
period between 30th of May and 30th of September and for heating system during
the period between 15th of November and 15th of February.

All log sheets for recording the test results shall be prepared by the Contractor
and approved by the Engineer. Daily log sheets duly filled in shall be submitted
to the Engineer the following day for review and approval.

1.6.7 Handing over and Maintenance

1.6.7.1 Training of Employer's Personnel

The Contractor shall be responsible for training a number of persons who will be
selected by the Engineer in the correct and careful operation, control and
maintenance of all the HVAC services provided under the Contract before the
Works are handed over to the Employer. The training shall be carried out by the
qualified commissioning staff of the Contractor for each particular service and
shall be continued throughout the period preceding the taking over unless the
Specifications call for more extended period or as mutually agreed between the
Employer and the Contractor.

1.6.7.2 Certificate of Completion

As soon as the works have been completed in accordance with the Contract
Documents (except in minor respects that do not affect their use for the purpose)
and have passed the reliability tests successfully, the Engineer shall issue a
Certificate of Completion in which he shall certify the date on which the works
have been so completed and have passed the said tests and the engineer shall be
deemed to have taken over the works on the date so certified; but the issue of a
Certificate of Completion shall not be considered as an admission that the works
have been completed in every respect. In the event of the works being divided
into two or more sections, the Engineer shall be entitled to take over any section
or sections before the other or others, and thereupon a Certificate of Completion
shall be issued in respect thereof.

If, by reason by any default on the part of the Contractor, a Certificate of

Completion has not been issued in respect of the works after the date fixed by the
contract for the completion of the works, the engineer shall be at liberty to use
the works or any portion thereof in respect of which a Certificate of Completion
has not been issued, provided that the works or the portion so used as aforesaid
shall be reasonably capable of being used without harm to the equipment (except
normal wear and tear) and that the contractor shall be afforded reasonable
opportunity of taking such steps as may be necessary to permit the issue of the
Certificate of Completion.

The period of Maintenance for the HVAC Works shall commence from the date
16
 of Certificate of Completion for the building works or part thereof as
appropriate, provided the HVAC Services are operated on that date. In the event
that operation of the HVAC services is delayed beyond the date of Certificate of
Completion for the building works or part thereof, then the Period of
Maintenance in respect of the HVAC services or part thereof shall commence
from the date of their actual operation.

1.6.7.3 Maintenance (Defects Liability) Period

The Contractor, shall during the maintenance period of two (2) years, replace and
repair, with utmost speed and at his own expense, any part of the plant or work
performed or furnished under the HVAC Services in the contract which may
prove defective in design, erection, operation performance, workmanship or from
any act or omission of the Contractor that may develop under the conditions
provided for by the contract and under proper use of the works or any section
thereof, as the case may be, have or has been taken over by the engineer.

If any defects be not remedied within the time stipulated by the Engineer and to
his full satisfaction, the Employer may proceed to do the work at the contractor's
risk and expense.

If the repairs, replacements or renewals are of such a character as may affect the
efficiency of the works or any portion thereof, the Engineer may within one (1)
month of such repair, replacement or renewal give to the Contractor notice in
writing requiring that tests at site be made, in which case such tests shall be
carried out as provided under Clause No. 1.6.

Until the Maintenance Certificate shall have been issued, the Contractor shall
have the right of access, at all reasonable working hours, at his own risk and
expense by himself and his duly authorised representative whose name shall have
been communicated previously in writing to the Engineer, to all parts of the
works for the purpose of inspecting the working thereof, and to the records of the
working and performance thereof, for the purpose of inspecting the same and
taking notes therefrom. Subject to the approval of the Engineer, which shall not
be unreasonably withheld, the contractor may at his own risk and expense make
any tests which he considers desirable. Before the termination of the
Maintenance Period, the Contractor shall, upon the request of the Engineer,
assume responsibility for dismantling of any defective part of the plant and
apparatus indicated by the Engineer. If such dismantling, however, necessitates
the interruption of service of the works, such period of interruption shall not
affect the extent of the maintenance period.

The Contractor shall obtain and submit to the Engineer any guarantee or
certificate of warranty available from the manufacturers but only as
supplementary to the contractor's own guarantees and in no way invalidating
them.

1.6.7.4 Maintenance Completion Certificate

The Maintenance Completion Certificate shall be issued after completion of the

17
 Maintenance Period.

The Contractor shall be responsible in the last routine check preceding the end of
the Maintenance Period to demonstrate that the complete HVAC System is in
Satisfactory Working Order.

1.7 SUBMITTALS

1.7.1 General

The attention of the Contractor is drawn to the quality of the materials and
equipment to be installed in the project. Materials and equipment shall be new
and of the best of their respective kinds suitably tropicalized and adequately
protected against the prevailing weather conditions of Kuwait.

The Contractor shall submit for approval of the Engineer the documents specified
hereinafter; this shall be done as soon as practical after the award of the contract
and in all cases prior to any shipment to the Site. Acceptance of these documents
shall not relieve the Contractor from his responsibility to supply the required
materials and equipment; it shall further not be construed as acceptance of the
materials or equipment and shall not restrict the right of the Engineer to reject
equipment and materials in case of unsatisfactory installation or testing.

1.7.2 Submittals of Materials and Equipment.

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval all materials and
equipment to be included in the works. The Contractor shall submit the
corresponding Manufact-urer's data, catalogues and statements of conformance
with these specifications.

Submitted information, data and catalogues etc. shall be submitted in four sets;
one set at least shall be in original.

The submittals for approval of materials and equipment shall be supported by

sufficient descriptive materials, such as catalogues showing dimensions,
performance characteristics, capacities, wiring diagrams and controls,
performance curves, charts, layout drawings, and other data published by the
manufacturer, to demonstrate compliance with the specification requirements;
model numbers alone will not be acceptable.

The data submitted shall also include the name and address of the nearest service
and maintenance organization that regularly stocks repair parts.

Sufficient information and data shall be also furnished by the Contractor for any
item that functions as part of an integrated system.

Where materials or equipment are specified to conform to requirements of

applicable standards, the Contractor shall submit proof of such compliance.
18
 When requested by the Engineer, Contractor shall submit samples of materials
and equipment for approval. In the event of written objections by the Engineer to
a particular material or equipment, the Contractor shall submit three (3)
alternative materials for the Engineer's approval and the Engineer shall reject or
approve all or any of those materials. This procedure shall be repeated until such
time as a material submittal is approved by the Engineer.

Failure on the part of the Contractor to obtain the Engineer's approval, which
shall not be withheld unreasonably, to all or any one material submittal shall in
no way relieve the Contractor of his liabilities and obligations under the Contract.

After approval of the Contractor's submittal, the Contractor shall not deviate in
any way from the design, details, dimensions, materials, colour, textures or any
other characteristics defined or shown on the approved submittal without the
written consent of the Engineer.

1.7.3 Working Drawings and Samples

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, before starting the
erection of the works and according to the approved programme of works all the
working drawings, samples required for the erection of the various plants and
equipment and all of the works in the manner and to the standards described
elsewhere.

Working drawings shall be submitted in one lot where they pertain to related
items.

Copies of working drawings for which approval is required shall be submitted in

four sets. Three copies of the approved/commented drawings shall be retained by
the Engineer and one copy shall be returned to the Contractor.

The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to make modifications to the said
drawings and the Contractor shall comply with such instructions in order to
obtain the Engineer's approval. The Contractor shall start with the working
drawings as soon as possible and he shall allow in his work programme sufficient
period of time for the Engineer to study the working drawings, approve or
communicate his comments. The Contractor shall be responsible for any
discrepancy, error or omission in the drawings and other particulars supplied by
him whether such drawings and particulars have been approved by the Engineer
or not.

Drawings required shall comprise:

a) Builder's work drawings and installation details:

Detailed construction drawings of bases, supports and foundations for all
plant equipment, and all other builder's work associated with the works,
including details of all reinforcement and foundation bolts, all dimensions,
all equipment weights, details of noise and vibration isolators, details of
19
 metal supports and hangers for equipment, piping works, ductwork, sound
attenuators, control units, diffusers, cables and cable trays.

Details of built trenches and manholes for piping and cables, details of holes
and openings in walls, partitions, roofs, ceilings, floors, doors, etc. details of
frames, access panels, louvers and sleeves where required.

The Drawings shall show in detail the method of anchoring and fastening to
building structure. They shall show details of access doors and access
panels to the various plants and equipment and indicate the door dimensions
on the working drawings.

b) General arrangement and layout drawings of plant and installations

including mechanical and electrical items to a scale 1:100.

c) Detailed installation working drawings of all plant and plant rooms to a scale
of 1:20 showing all plant components and connections, details of pipework,
ductwork and all other accessories wherever applicable.

d) Detailed layout drawings of the electrical components of the plant along

with cable routes to a scale 1:20.

e) Electrical installation and wiring drawings of the plant showing routes of all
conduits, cables, etc. along with full details of each and every type of
connection including:

- final wiring diagrams of individual components and accessories.

- final schematic diagram including power and control wiring.
- type and size of conduit with number and size of wires in each.
- type and size of cables.
- details of protection and interlocks.
- details of instrumentation.
- description of sequence of operation etc.

f) Detailed working drawings for every automatic control system and

equipment including complete list of materials, schematic flow diagrams of
all controlled media of the individual plant and location of all sensing and
control elements, location of controls, panel terminal strips, colour code
input and output range and set point of each control device with all
interconnecting wiring and capillary systems shall be indicated. Sequence of
operation for each individual control system etc. shall be included.

The above mentioned drawings (a-f) are to be prepared in a professional manner

by qualified competent personnel to the following requirements.

- Generally all drawings are to be on A1 size paper or smaller A sizes subject

to the nature of the information being detailed, folded to A4 size.

- Will have the project title and number thereon to match the tender drawings.
20
 - Numbered in accordance with code provided by the Engineer.
- Bear the name of:
Engineer.
Contractor.
Sub-Contractor.
Manufacturer.

- Detailed description of materials used and any workmanship to be stated on

the drawings in English and applicable standards.

- Dimensions shall be in SI units.

- Revisions shall be indicated and dated.

- Field dimensions shall be clearly identified as such.

- Specification section number.

- A blank space 110mm x 130mm for the Engineer's Stamp.

- Identification of deviations from Contract Documents.

- The Contractor's stamp, initialled or signed, certifying the review of

submittal, verification of field measurements and compliance with the
Contract Documents.

Should the Contractor change the source of supply of specialist items from that
which is specified and this requires amendments and revisions to working
drawings affecting any other part of the works then all such revisions and
amendments to drawings and the provision of any additional drawings will be
carried out by the Contractor at no extra cost to the Employer.

1.7.4 Substitute Material

Where materials of a specified make, type, standard or catalogue reference are

called for, the Contractor shall first obtain the written approval of the Engineer
attempting to install anything which varies in any way from Specifications. The
Engineer's decision shall be final and binding. Where due to non-availability of
any material or for any other reason the Contractor desires to substitute another
brand or type of material for the one specified or already approved by the
Engineer he shall submit his application to the Engineer accompanied by the
following:

a) Samples of the proposed material with all necessary technical information.

b) Detailed comparison of the properties of both items.
c) Detailed price analysis of both items.
d) Explicit reasons for desiring the change. The benefit of any saving from the
substitute material shall be passed to the employer and any increase in costs
shall be borne by the Contractor.
21
 Substitutions involving a decrease in quality and/or efficiency will not be
accepted.

The acceptances by the Engineer of "Alternative" or "Substitute" material

shall in no way relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations as to the
completion date and/or guarantee and maintenance or any other obligation
under the Contract.

1.7.5 List of Imported Materials and Equipment

Within a reasonable time after signing the Contract, the Contractor shall submit a
complete and detailed list of all imported materials and equipment proposed for
use in the works together with the names and addresses of
Manufacturers/Suppliers, Brand Name, Trade Mark and Types.

1.7.6 Delivery Schedule

As soon as all materials have been approved by the Engineer, schedules shall be
prepared by the Contractor, showing description of the materials, date of
approval, name of manufacturer, date of order, details of shipping, date of arrival,
and all such schedules shall be formally submitted to the Engineer for his
comments/records. The Engineer shall be notified of any changes in delivery
dates and amended delivery schedules shall be issued promptly. The effect of
such changes in the delivery days on the programme shall be assessed by the
Contractor and he shall immediately advise the Engineer of any delays that may
occur.

1.7.7 Work Programme and Progress of Works

The Contractor shall submit after signing the Contract and according to the date
set in the contract Conditions, detailed programme chart for the Air
Conditioning, Heating and Ventilation works and all associated services to the
Engineer for approval. The work programme must show all the works broken
down into their component parts and indicating the phasing of manufacture,
delivery, approval of working drawings, erection of all parts, testing, balancing
and commissioning etc. to give the completion of the whole Works by the
required date.

Progress of work-charts shall also be provided by the Contractor on an approved

form and supplied to the Engineer in duplicate once a month during the progress
of the works, giving full particulars of the actual progress in relation to the
scheduled progress of works. Work programme and progress of work-charts
shall be signed by the Contractor. This programme shall be submitted by the
Contractor in addition to any other work programmes required by the Conditions
of Contract.

1.7.8 Record Drawings

22
 Prints shall be kept in the site office as a permanent record. All deviations from
the project documents due to Site co-ordination, variation, modifications or
addenda shall be recorded on such prints in coloured pencil at the time of
occurrence on a daily basis.

Dimensions for underground utilities from permanent identifiable structural

points, shall be indicated. Record drawings shall be available for periodic
inspection by the Engineer and shall be submitted for review with the as-built
drawings.

1.7.9 As-Built Drawings and Micro Films

Upon completion of the works, the Contractor shall update all drawings to
conform to the record drawings to show all connections, equipment component
settings to "As-built". The "As-built" Drawings shall also show all details of the
works including the routes of underground services whether laid direct in ground
or concealed in trenches, service shafts and ducts, giving location dimensions
and depths with particular regard to road crossing and adjacent buildings and
structures. Utilization of ducts provided are to be clearly indicated showing the
reference numbers of cables in each duct and which ducts have been left unused
for other or future purposes.

The Contractor shall issue four prints and a transparency to the Engineer of every
"As-built" Drawings.

In addition, the Contractor shall supply three sets of CD for all drawings prepared
on 'ACAD' program (latest version). Full particulars of the drawings conveyed on
the diskettes such as drawing number and title shall be furnished on the face of
the diskette. The "As-built" Drawings and software diskettes shall be submitted
prior to acceptance and taking over the works.

1.7.10 Operation and Maintenance Instructions

1.7.10.1 Manuals

The Contractor shall prepare complete operation and maintenance instructions

covering all the equipment and systems of HVAC Services. The operation and
maintenance instructions shall be in manual form, standard A4 size and bound in
hard covers. The following identification shall be inscribed on the covers:

"OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS". The name and

location of the building, the name of the Contractor and Contract Number shall
also be inscribed.

The instructions shall include, but shall not be limited to the following:

- A brief outline of the operation of the plant.

- Systems layout showing piping, valves and controls.

- Approved wiring and control diagram, with data to explain the detailed
23
 operation and control of each component.
- A control sequence describing start-up operation and shutdown, noting any
safety arrangements.
- Details of each item of plant including the name and address of the
manufacturer, type and model, serial number, duty and rating.
- Operation and maintenance instructions for all systems and equipment with
suggested frequency of action.
- Details of all lubricating oils and greases required and filter replacements.
- Manufacturer's bulletins, catalogues and descriptive data.
- Safety Regulations and requirements.
- Part lists and recommended spare parts.

The Contractor shall forward two draft copies of the manual to the Engineer for
approval. After approval, the Contractor shall forward four copies of the final
approved operation and maintenance instruction manuals to the Engineer,
before acceptance and taking over the works.

1.7.10.2 Framed Instruction Plates

Approved wiring and control diagrams showing the complete layout of the
entire system including equipment, piping, valves and control sequence, framed
under glass or in approved laminated plastic, shall be posted where directed by
the Engineer. In addition, condensed operation instructions in Arabic and
English explaining preventive maintenance procedures, methods of checking
the system for normal safe operation, and procedure for safely starting and
stopping the system shall be prepared in typed form, framed as specified above
for the wiring and control diagrams and posted beside the diagrams. Proposed
diagrams, instructions and other sheets shall be submitted for approval prior to
posting. The framed instructions shall be posted before acceptance and taking
over the Works.

1.7.10.3 Labelling and Identifications

The Contractor shall provide and fix or securely attach at close proximity to each
switchgear, starter, valves, gauges, instruments, control board, pipework, plant,
equipment etc. brass identification labels.

The labels shall be engraved in Arabic and English. The Arabic lettering to be
above or to the right of English lettering. Labels and inscription shall be
approved by the Engineer.

The labels on plant and equipment shall indicate the function and duty of such
equipment.

Identification bands shall be painted on piping and ducting or insulation at

frequent intervals. Lettering and colours to be approved by the Engineer and
shall generally be as specified in BS 1710.

Direction of flow by means of an arrow shall also be indelibly marked on all

pipework and ductwork, etc.
24
 Charts showing the colours for identification shall be provided and displayed at
all points where they are likely to be needed for quick reference.

Any equipment which requires periodic lubrication, greasing or other

maintenance shall be similarly labelled with the appropriate instructions
including the grade of oil or grease to be used.

1.7.11 Tools and Spare Parts

Tools and spare parts shall be supplied by the contractor as required in the
Particular Specifications.

1.8 SAMPLES OF WORKMANSHIP

Samples of workmanship shall be executed on site to the approval of the

Engineer, all at the expense of the Contractor; materials and workmanship
thereafter shall conform fully to the approved samples

1.9 ACCESS DOORS, ACCESS PANELS, PLATFORMS AND LADDERS

Access doors and panels shall be provided by the Contractor as required to

provide proper access to all valves, traps, strainers, vents, clean-outs, dampers,
junction boxes, control devices, fans and all other concealed items which are
located above ceilings or in walls and in partitions, whether such accesses are
shown in the tender drawings or not.

All access doors shall be properly designed, sized and located to suit the service
required or as directed by the Engineer and to his satisfaction.

Dampers, filters, or any other parts installed in plant rooms which must be
operated or inspected regularly and cannot be reached readily by a man standing
on the floor, shall be provided with suitable platforms, ladders etc. with adequate
handrails.

1.10 CONNECTION TO OTHER SERVICES AND STRUCTURES

Where HVAC Services connect to that of another part or trade or to piping or to

equipment in place, the Contractor shall take such measures in the field as may
be necessary to make his work come true, or line up with that work. The
Employer cannot guarantee exactness of the dimensions on the drawings.

Where work covered by these specifications connect to equipment furnished by

other trades, by the Government or under other contracts, the Contractor shall
check the flange drilling and/or required connections in the field and will be held
responsible for the proper connection to such equipment.

1.11 CUTTING, DRILLING, PATCHING AND SLEEVES

25
 Cutting or drilling of the work of other Sections finished or otherwise must be
avoided wherever possible. However, if due to ill-timed work or errors in laying
out of Contractor's work, cutting or drilling can in no way be avoided, the
Contractor shall do such cutting, drilling and patching necessary for the proper
installation and entry of his works and the cutting and drilling must be held to a
bare minimum. No cutting or drilling of any building structural member will be
permitted without the approval of the Engineer. All cutting, drilling and patching
of work shall be done by skilled workmen.

Contractor shall furnish and install sleeves for all pipes or duct work which pass
through foundations, walls, partitions, floors, ceilings or roofs.

Reinforcing and framing for openings for ducts, grills, registers, etc., in walls,
partitions, floors, roofs etc. shall be provided by the Contractor.

1.12 SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION AND

BUILDERS WORK

All builder's work including concrete foundations and supporting structures

necessary and required for the HVAC services and all associated electrical and
other services shall be provided whether such works are mentioned in the
Specification or shown on the drawings or not. All builder's work shall be made
to match the design of the buildings.

The contractor shall provide reinforced concrete foundations for all floor
mounted equipment and machinery. All concrete foundations shall be constructed
of concrete as specified under "Concrete Work". Foundations shall be poured in
plywood forms and exposed surfaces shall be finished with cement mortar
trowelled smooth.

Foundations shall be designed to fit the shape of the complete base and shall
conform to the contour designated by the manufacturers. All necessary anchor
bolts, washers, templates etc. shall be furnished complete and bolts shall be built
into foundations with proper size sleeves.

Necessary supports shall be provided by the Contractor for plant, equipment,

apparatus, piping, valves, duct and all other works as required. These shall
include frames or supports for compressors, air-handling units, fans, coils,
dampers and other similar items, ducts conduits cable tray etc. Support structures
shall be constructed of rolled steel sections of adequate strength bolted or welded
together and painted with two coats of lead primer. Unless otherwise specified,
welding of supports to the building structure steelwork shall not be permitted.

All methods of anchoring and fastening to building structure shall be detailed and
submitted for approval.

Vibration isolation units shall be provided to minimise the intensity of vibration

and noise to the building structure as specified.

1.13 PROTECTION
26
 The Contractor shall protect all pipework, valves, fittings, ductwork, plant and
equipment where any part or parts of the installation are liable to be damage from
other trades or any cause whatsoever.

The Contractor shall take all due care to screen and protect all works, whether
complete, or in course of completion from the ingress of dust or moisture or from
damage by any other means.

Any open ended pipes left overnight or for a similar period shall be plugged with
approved type plugs to prevent the entry of dust, sand, etc.

Pipework, fittings, valves or any plant and equipment which shall be found to be
unduly marked by tools or damaged or distorted will be rejected by the Engineer
and immediately replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.

1.14 PAINTING AND POLISHING

The Contractor shall be responsible for painting all equipment which are not
factory painted.

All unpolished iron or steel shall have a coat of protective paint at the Maker's
Works and the Contractor shall maintain the preservative until the work is finally
painted before being put into use.

All equipment shall be treated with a rust inhibiting primer and two under-coats
before application of the finish. All bright polished, chrome plated or similar
finish components shall be wrapped with self-adhesive plastic anti-corrosive tape
at the Maker's Works and the Contractor shall maintain this wrapping until the
component is put into use. The Contractor shall remove the wrapping, clean up
and reinstate the finish to the "as made" condition before the component is put
into use.

For all parts of the HVAC Service, plant and equipment liable to corrosion, the
contractor shall properly clean such parts and paint with at least two coats of heat
resisting paint and/or corrosion resistant paint at Works and further two coats of
final painting and finishing coats of approved colours.

Where final finishes are provided to equipment at Maker's Works, all such
finishes shall be of an approved material, process and colour and the Contractor
shall provide adequate protection during shipment and erection to ensure that no
damage is caused to the finishes.

All steel work in connection with supports for pipework, duct work, plant and
equipment etc. and all uninsulated pipework, duct work, tanks and all parts liable
to corrosion shall be painted with two under-coats and a further two coats of
enamel finish of an approved colour.

Hot dipped galvanized metallic finishes shall not be painted.

27
All switchgears, panels, isolators and control equipment shall be finished in a
stove enamel paint with a colour to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Pipes and metallic parts that are required to be insulated shall be protected by a
corrosion-proof protective priming coat prior to insulation.

28
 PART II

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND DETAILED TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS

a) Specifications described hereunder are brief and therefore the tenderer shall
include for all equipment, material, labour, etc. for the complete installation
to ensure workmanship and operating conditions, whether detailed under
specifications or not.

b) All builder's works including foundations cutting, opening, steel stands,

false beams, etc. required for A/C installations shall be done by the
Contractor whether specified hereunder or not.

c) Tenderers may visit the site of work for familiarising themselves with the
nature of work and no claims shall be entertained in this respect.

d) When the buildings in question are already in existence and in service, the
Contractor shall take all necessary precautions not to damage any existing
service and shall make good any damage done by him during the course of
installation of A/C equipment at his own cost.

e) Whether equipment offered or manufactured under license, tenderer shall

enclose with their offers a written assurance from their principals for design
and quality of equipment produced by the license, without which the offers
shall not be considered.

f) Where equipment offered are manufactured locally, the tenderer shall

produce the relevant design data for scrutiny.

g) Approval of design, material, equipment, systems, layout, etc. does not

relieve the contractor from his contractual obligations if later on it is found
that they do not comply with specification requirements.

h) If Contractor, during the guarantee and maintenance period fails to respond

to any necessary repair called by the Kuwait University, within 24 hours
after being notified by phone, the University shall arrange for such repairs
to be carried out by other means, under the full responsibility of the
Contractor and charge the contractor the cost of such repairs without
accepting any claim from the Contractor.

i) Materials and equipment furnished under these Specifications shall be

Standard Catalogues Products from reputable Manufacturers regularly
engaged in production of such materials or equipment and shall generally be
material and equipment that have been in satisfactory commercial use for at
29
 least two years prior to bid opening and shall be supported by a Service
Organisation that, in the opinion of the Engineer, can handle the necessary
service in a satisfactory way.

j) Where two or more units of the same class of equipment are required, those
units shall be products of a single Manufacturer; however, the component
parts of the equipment need not be the products of the same manufacturer.
Each major component of equipment shall have the Manufacturer's name,
address and catalogue number on a name plate securely affixed in a
conspicuous place; name plate of a distributing agent will not be acceptable.

2.2 DUCT WORK

2.2.1 General

Duct Work shall be classified into two groups:

i. Low Pressure

ii. Medium and High Pressure.

The following table shows pressure-velocity classification:

STATIC
DUCT CLASS PRESSUR PRESSURE VELOCITY
E m/Sec.
RATING
Pa

Medium High Pressure 2500 Positive 10.2 & above

and high Medium Pressure 1500 Positive -do-
Pressure -do- 1000 Positive -do-
Duct -do- 750 Positive 20.3 & below
or Negative

Low Low Pressure 500 Pos.or Neg. 12.7 & below

Pressure -do- 250 Pos.or Neg. -do-
Duct -do- 125 Pos.or neg. 10.2 & below

2.2.2 Duct Material

30
 All ducting shall be made of galvanized steel sheet to ASTM A525, Lock-
forming quality, having zinc coating of (1.25 Oz. per sq. ft.) 275 g/sq.m. as
minimum for both sides in conformance with ASTM A90 and of tensile
strength in the range of 28/33 tons per square inch.

2.2.3 Low Pressure Rectangular Duct Work

Gauge of G.I Sheeting, type of joints, bracing etc. used for the manufacture of
low pressure ducting shall be as per the following schedule:

MAX.SIZE US STD. TRANSVERSE JOINTS & BRACING

mm. GAUGE

Up to 300 24 19mm Pocket or Slip Joint at 2.4m centers.

325 - 450 24 25mm Pocket Joint at 2.4m centers with cross breaking.

475 - 750 22 25mm Pocket Joint at 1.2m centers with cross breaking.

775 - 1050 22 25mm Pocket Joint at 1.2m centres with cross breaking and
25x25x3mm angle girth at 2.4m centers bolted to the
pocket joints.

1100 - 1370 20 40mm Pocket joint at 1.2m centers with cross breaking and
40x40x4mm angle girth at 1.2m centers bolted to the
pocket joints.

1400 - 1830 20 40mm Pocket Joint at 1.2m centers with cross breaking and
40x40x4mm angle girth at 1.2m centers bolted to the
pocket joints.

1850 & 18 2 Nos 40x40x4mm angles at 1.2m centres bolted to the

above duct with 10mm bolts at 40mm centres and fastened
together with 10mm bolts at 50mm centers with rubber
gasket between the 2 angles and cross breaking.

All transformation pieces of ducting shall have slope of 1 in 7; where it is not

possible to maintain this, a maximum slope of 1 in 4 shall not be exceeded.

All the side outlet take offs (outlet collars) shall have a throat radius of not less
than the width of the take off and to be fitted with fixed turning vanes.

31
 All tees, bends and elbows shall be constructed in such a way that the radius will
not be less than 1-1/2 times width of duct on centerline. Where this is not
possible turning vanes shall be provided.

Duct sizes shall be increased gradually, not exceeding 15o divergence wherever
possible. Divergence upstream of equipment shall not exceed 30o, convergence
downstream shall not exceed 45o.

Easements shall be provided where low pressure ductwork conflicts with piping
and structure. Where easements exceed 20% of duct area, duct shall be split into
two sections maintaining original duct area.

2.2.4 Low Pressure Round Duct

Low Pressure Round Duct shall be constructed generally according to the

following schedule:

Negative Pressure Positive Pressure

Spiral Seam
Duct Diameter Longitudinal Spiral Seam
Gauge Longitudinal
in mm. Seam Gauge Gauge
(US) Seam Gauge (US)
(US) (US)

75 - 200 mm 28 24 30 28
225 - 350 mm 26 24 28 26
375 - 650 mm 24 22 26 24
675 - 900 mm 22 20 24 22
925 - 1250 mm 20 18 22 20
1275 - 1500 mm 18 16 20 18
1525 - 2100 mm - 16 - 16

For details of longitudinal and spiral seams, transverse joints, fittings, etc. refer to
SMACNA Low Pressure duct Construction Standards.

2.2.5 Medium and High Pressure Duct Work

Medium and high pressure duct shall be of round construction; where it is not
possible due to space or other constraints, rectangular duct may be used.
- Fabrication and construction shall be in accordance with SMACNA High
Pressure Duct Construction Standards.

- Spiral Ducts shall be externally seamed so that the inside surface of the
ducts is smooth.

32
 - Gauges of G.I. sheeting, type of joints, bracing etc. used for the
manufacturer of medium and high pressure round duct shall be as per the
following schedule:

MEDIUM AND HIGH PRESSURE ROUND DUCT CONSTRUCTION

Galv. Steel Sheet Girth

Gauge (U.S.) Reinforcing

Duct ** *** Girth

Spiral Between Joint
Diameter Longit- Sound
Lock Angle Size &
mm. udinal Duct Joints*
Seam Max. Longitudinal
Seam Fitting
Duct Spacing
Duct
Up thru 200 26 24 26 22 None Required 50mm. Long
225 - 350 20 Slip Joint

375 - 650 24 22 24 20 None Required 50mm. Ditto

675 - 900 22 20 22 20 None Required 50mm. Ditto

925 - 1250 20 20 20 18 None Required 40x40x4mm.
Angle flanged joint
1275-1500 None Required Ditto
1525-2100 None Required Ditto

* Recommended joint listed; However 50mm slip joint or draw band is

acceptable through 1500mm. size.

** Slip or Draw Band Joint.

*** Flanged Joint.

- All tees, bends and elbows shall be constructed with radius of not less than
1-1/2 times diameter of duct on centerline. Where not possible and where
rectangular elbows are used, airofoil turning vanes shall be provided.

- Transformation of duct sizes shall be gradual, not exceeding 15o divergence

and 30o convergence.
- Round duct fittings shall be of welded type construction. For duct of
diameter up to and including 300mm. diameter, one piece smooth 90o
elbows shall be used. Over 300mm. dia. they shall be 5 piece welded.

33
2.2.6 Turning Vanes

Shall be fabricated in accordance with SMACNA Standards.

Turning vanes shall be as follows:
- Factory or site-fabricated using factory-fabricated vane spacing rails.
- Turning vanes shall be provided in all square elbows, take-off or extension
collars to supply outlets and tap-in branch take-off connections.
- Turning vanes shall be reinforced by rods or of sectional construction.
- Turning vane arrangements and thickness shall be as shown in the following
table:

SINGLE VANE SCHEDULE

TYPE Space between Radius Gauge
Vanes
Small 40mm. 50mm. 24

Large 80mm. 115mm. 22

2.2.7 Access Doors

Air tight access doors with rubber linings shall be installed in all ducts at fans,
filters, heaters, fire dampers and volume dampers for inspection, cleaning and
maintenance purposes.
The opening in the ductwork shall be properly stiffened at the edges, with frames
riveted or welded to the duct. The access door shall be as follows:

- All access doors mounted on insulated ducts shall be of sandwich type,

having the same insulation thickness as that of the duct, with Cam Lock
handles.

MAX.SIZE NO. OF NO. OF DOOR GAUGE FRAME

MM. HINGES HANDLES BACK

300x300 2 1 26 26 24
400x500 2 2 24 26 22
600x600 3 2 22 26 22

2.2.8 Flexible Connections

Flexible connections shall be fitted on all suction and discharge connections of

34
 fans and air conditioning units,
for preventing transmission of vibration through the ducts to occupied spaces.

Flexible connections shall be made from flame proof, factory fabricated from
chemically impregnated canvas. connections shall fit closely and be secured in an
air-tight fashion to duct work, fans and apparatus by means of angle iron or flat
iron frames. The unclamped section of the flexible connection between the
apparatus and the ductwork shall be not less that 150mm. in length. Flexible
connections shall not be painted.

2.2.9 Supports and Hangers

Installation of supports and hangers shall be as follows:

- Supports and hangers shall be attached only to structural framing members

and concrete slabs. They shall not be anchored to metal decking unless a
means is provided and approved for preventing the anchor from puncturing
the metal decking.

- Supports shall generally be made from galvanized steel sections, and where
heavy items of equipment occur within ductwork additional support shall be
provided as necessary.

- Duct work hung from inserts or from clip angles shall be secured with
expansion bolts in shear.

- Supports for horizontal ducts shall be as follows:

a) RECTANGULAR DUCT

LENGTH OF DROP ROD BEARING MAXIMUM

LONGER SIDE DIAMETER MEMBER SPACING
mm. mm. mm. mm.

Up to 300 8 20 x 3 Flat 3000

Over 300 25 x 25 x3
Up to 600 8 angle 3000

Over 600 40 x 40 x 4
Up to 1000 10 angle 2500

Over 1000 50 x 50 x 5
Up to 1600 10 angle 2500

Over 1600 15 75 x 75 x 6
angle 2500

- Design of supports for vertical ducts will be dictated by site conditions and
35
 spacing may be greater than for horizontal ducts.

- Supports for vertical ducts shall be angles and channels made of galvanized
or painted black steel.

- Vertical duct shall be fastened with a minimum of 2 supports at each floor.

2.2.10 Flexible Ducts

For connections between branches, risers or mains to mixing units, air outlets and
inlets or for combination lighting-air distribution units. Flexible ducts to be
manufactured from vinyl or anosol bonded to glass fabric zinc-coated flexible
metal, or constructed of two-element spiral construction composed of a corrosion-
resistant metal, supporting spiral and coated fabric or approved equal materials
with a mineral base.

2.2.11 Duct Test Holes

Test Holes shall be factory fabricated, air tight flanged fittings with screw cap.
For insulated ducting extended neck fittings to clear insulation shall be provided.

2.3 DUCT HEATERS

Heaters shall be slip in type for installation through sides of ducts, supplied complete
with controls and protection devices and installed complete with necessary wiring,
etc.

Heaters operation shall be interlocked with AHU fan motors through an air flow
switch.

Heaters shall have the approval of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or any other
internationally approved testing and inspection agency and shall be rated for 415V,
3 Phase, 50Hz. Supply. Three phase heaters shall be star connected with the total
load distributed equally on all three phases.

All internal wiring of heaters shall be with heat resistant insulation suitable for
operation at 105oC. temperature.

Heater elements shall be totally enclosed in finned tube sheathing of stainless steel
and shall provide efficient heat transfer even at low temperatures. Open heater coils
are not acceptable. All the related mounting bolts and fixtures shall be made of
corrosion resistant material. Heater area shall be evenly distributed across the
sectional area of the ducting.

All heaters shall be furnished with one disc type pilot duty automatically reset
thermal cut out for each stage of the heater for primary over temperature protection.
All heaters shall, in addition, be furnished with a disc type head carrying manually
reset thermal cut-out factory wired in series with each heater stage for secondary
protection. Heat limiters or other fusible over temperature protection devices are not
acceptable.
36
 Adjustable multi stage temperature control shall be provided.

2.4 WATER PIPING AND FITTINGS

2.4.1 General

All water pipes, pipe fittings, valves, strainers, flexible connections, expansion joints
and all other accessories, etc. for chilled, hot, condenser, and the associated drain
water piping shall be supplied and installed as shown on the drawings and specified
elsewhere. Pipe routing shall be generally as shown on the drawings.

- All pipes and fittings shall be brand new, stamped clearly at factory, indicating
size, make and standard to which they are manufactured. Pipes shall be
provided with plastic caps at both ends. Factory Certificate shall be
submitted.

- All piping circuits shall have means for complete drainage at all low points
and means for venting at all high points irrespective of whether they are
indicated on the drawings or not.

- All branches of water piping circuits shall be provided with isolating valves
irrespective of whether they are indicated on the drawings or not to permit
closing off any section of the circuit for maintenance and repair without
interrupting other parts of the System.

- Pipe fittings shall be factory fabricated of size and type to match the pipe,
tube, valve or equipment connection.

- All changes in direction, changes in pipe size, branching and jointing of pipes
shall be made with regular pipe fittings, such as elbows, reducers, tees,
couplings, unions, flanges, etc. Bending of pipes for elbows and field
fabricated fittings, such as mitred elbows, tees or reducers shall not be
accepted.

- Elbows shall be of the long radius type.

- Reducers shall be of the concentric or eccentric type as indicated on the

drawings to suit the application.

- For branch connections where branch pipe size is less than half the main pipe
size, cutting through shall be accepted to make the connection using factory
fabricated saddles.

Unions or flanges shall be required on both sides of each piece of equipment in the
system, such as chillers, condensers, pumps, strainers, valves, etc. to facilitate its
removal for repair or maintenance.

2.4.2 Materials

37
 Unless otherwise specified, pipes for chilled, hot and condenser water shall be
seamless black steel pipe to ASTM A53 Schedule 40 or equal Standard for sizes
50mm. and larger and shall be hard copper tubing to ASTM B88-51 type L or equal
standard for sizes 40mm. and smaller.

Equipment and condensate drain pipe shall be galvanized steel pipe to ASTM A-53
Schedule 40 or equal for sizes 50mm. and larger, and shall be hard copper tubing to
ASTM B-88M type L or equal for sizes 40mm. and smaller.

Pipe fittings for chilled, hot, condenser water pipes shall be factory made wrought
steel, seamless, butt welding fittings to ANSI B 16.9 or equal for sizes 50mm. and
larger, and shall be wrought copper brazed fittings to ASTM B-280 or equal for
sizes 40mm. and smaller.

Pipe fittings for Equipment and condensate drain water pipes shall be malleable iron
threaded fittings to ANSI B16.3 or equal for sizes 50mm. and larger, and shall be
wrought copper brazed fittings to ASTM B289-55T or equal for sizes 40mm. and
smaller.

2.4.3 Flanges

Flanges shall be required for pipe sizes 50mm. and larger. Flanges shall match class,
material, grade and facing of connecting flange.

Screwed flanges shall be of standard or heavy cast iron as required.

Flanges shall be furnished with gaskets of the one-piece ring type, compressed type
or stainless steel wound type, suitable for temperature, pressure and service of
system.

Flanges shall be made to B.S. 4503 - NP16/11 or ANSI-125 or equivalent and

drilled to suit the mating flange. Flanges on Black steel pipes shall be black forged
steel or welding neck or slip on type.

Flanges shall be assembled with steel, square head machine bolts and hexagonal
nuts. The bolts shall be of diameter and length to suit the flanges and to allow the
nuts to utilize the full length of their thread.

All bolts and nuts used shall be of hot dip galvanized.

2.4.4 Unions

Unions shall be required for pipe sizes 40mm and smaller. Unions shall be of
wrought copper, suitable for the system test pressure and working temperature.

2.4.5 Dielectric Unions and Flanges

Joints between dissimilar metals shall be made through dielectric unions or flanges
to prevent electrolytic interaction and corrosion. This applies particularly to joints
between ferrous and non-ferrous piping.

38
 Dielectric unions shall be used on 40mm. diameter pipes and smaller and flanges on
50mm. diameter and larger. Flanges shall be fitted with a set of gaskets and teflon
sleeves and washers between flanges, nuts and bolts.

The entire joint including the dielectric material shall be suitable and capable to
withstand the temperature, pressure and all other operating conditions of the service
for which it is used.

2.4.6 Flexible Connections

Flexible pipe connections shall be used to connect pipes to equipments to provide

piping flexibility to permit isolators to function properly, to protect equipment from
strain from misalignment and expansion or contraction of piping and to attenuate
noise and vibration transmission along the . Spherical connections shall be used for
chillers, pumps, boilers, air handling units and other isolated equipment. It shall be
constructed of one or more large radius arches of either rubber or teflon with metal
or fabric reinforcement. Flexible connections up to 40mm. shall be provided with
unions while 50mm. and above with flanges. Metallic flexible hose connections
shall be generally used for refrigerant lines. Rubber flexible hose connections shall
be used for chilled and hot water lines to take up lateral movement with practically
no axial movement. The flexible connections shall be suitable for the test pressure
and working temperature of the circulating medium.

2.4.7 Expansion Joints

Expansion joints shall be fitted where expansion is not taken up by the piping offsets
and changes in direction of piping and where pipes cross the expansion joints of the
building. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval the calculation of
the system expansion and contraction together with the selection and location of
expansion joints.

Expansion joints shall be suitable for system test pressure and working temperature.

Initial setting shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations to

allow for ambient temperature at the time of installation.

Pipe alignment guides shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer but in

any case not more than 1500mm. on either side of each expansion joint.

Expansion joints shall be of the corrugated bellows (Packless) type, with protective
shrouds.

Expansion joints for steel pipes shall have single or multiple formed corrugated
stainless steel bellows, carbon steel shrouds, internal guides and shall be provided
with flanged ends.

Expansion joints for copper tubing shall have phosphor bronze bellows, brass
shrouds, internal guides and shall be provided with bronze ends.

For system operation pressure less than 400 Kpa internal guides will not be required.
39
 When double expansion joints are used, they shall be provide with bases.

2.5 VALVES

All valves shall be factory fabricated and of types as shown on the drawings.

Valves shall be marked with name of manufacturer, trade mark, nominal size and
the class number, all cast in the valve body.

Valves, where possible, shall be of one manufacturer. Valves shall be designed

for saturated steam working pressure of 861 KPa (125 psi) and cold water non-
shock working pressure of 1378 KPa (200 psi) unless otherwise specified in the
project documents and shall be manufactured and factory tested in accordance
with the latest relevant British Standard or an equivalent. Test Certificate shall be
submitted for all valves.

Seating surfaces of valves shall be machined and finished to ensure tightness

against leakage for the service specified and shall seat freely.

Hand wheels of valves shall be of suitable diameter to allow tight closure by hand
with reasonable force without additional leverage and without damage to stem,
seat or disc.

Valves located 2.4m. or more above operating floor or platforms in plant rooms
shall be provided with a chain operated handwheel.

Flanged valves shall have flanges conforming to BS 4504-NP16/11 or ANSI 125

or equivalent.

Cast iron body gate, globe and butterfly valves shall be provided with position
indicator.

All cast iron valves shall be fitted with Cast Iron indexed handwheel clearly
marked "Open" and "Close" with an arrow to indicate the direction of rotation.

2.5.1 Gate Valves

Gate Valves shall be used for isolating purposes, such as inlets and outlets of
chillers, pumps and at all branches from mains or risers as shown on the drawings
or as required elsewhere.

Gate valves shall not be used for throttling purposes, such as regulating,
balancing or controlling.

Gate valves shall be of double faced solid wedge type giving straight line flow.

Gate valves of sizes 35mm and smaller shall be of all bronze construction type
with inside screw non-rising spindle, screwed bonnet, and screwed ends to ASTM
B-61, B-62 or of gunmetal to BS 1400/LG2.

40
 Gate valves of size 50mm. and larger shall be of flanged bonnet and flanged ends,
outside screw rising spindle type. Body, wedge and cover shall be of cast iron,
wedge facing rings and stem nut of gunmetal and spindle of aluminium bronze.
Steam seal packing shall be of high quality suitable for Kuwait climate.

Gate valves of sizes 200mm. and larger shall be equipped with bevel gear unit.

2.5.2 Globe Valves

Globe valves shall be used for throttling purposes to control the flow rate from
full flow to complete shut-off.

Globe valves of sizes 35mm. and smaller shall be of all bronze construction with
inside screw rising spindle, screwed bonnet and screwed ends.

Globe valves of sizes 50mm. and larger shall have cast iron body, with outside
screw aluminium bronze rising spindle, renewable gunmetal or bronze disc, with
gunmetal or bronze seat ring, flanged bonnet and flanged ends. Globe valve disc
shall be of the bevelled or parabolic shape to allow throttling.

2.5.3 Check Valves

Check valves shall be silent, spring actuated lift type used to prevent
automatically reversing of flow at pump outlets, in vertical lines and as indicated
in the drawings or as required elsewhere.

Check valves of sizes 35mm. and smaller shall be of bronze construction, screwed
ends.

Check valves of sizes 50mm. and larger shall be of cast iron body, wafer type,
stainless steel or bronze disc, stainless steel spring and renewable seats.

2.5.4 Butterfly Valves

Butterfly valves shall be used for shut-off or throttling purposes as shown on

drawings.

Butterfly valves shall be of rubber lined tight shut-off type, having modular cast
iron body, aluminium bronze disc, high grade stainless steel shaft, bronze
bearings, monel metal taper pins, buna-n seat liner vulcanized to the body. The
butterfly valves shall be wafer type or flanged type as specified elsewhere.

Butterfly valves of 150mm and smaller shall have lever operator. Valves of
200mm and larger shall have manual gear operator.

All butterfly valves shall be supplied with locking device and position indicator.

2.5.5 Commissioning Set

41
 Commissioning Set shall be provided on the return pipe of each manhole feeding
the building and at other locations as shown on the drawings, to facilitate
balancing procedure. Commissioning Set shall consist of a double regulating
valve for flow regulation and isolation and metering orifice station for measuring
the pressure drop.

The metering station shall have an integral square-edged orifice plate fitted with a
pair of pressure test plugs which can be connected to a manometer to measure the
head loss. Bronze metering station shall have cast-in flow direction marking, and
threaded ends. The cast iron metering station shall be supplied complete with two
correctly sized gaskets and one set of flange bolting.

The double regulating valve shall be of the Y-pattern (oblique) globe type having
a parabolic disc for allowing regular variation of the valve opening. The variation
of the opening is step controlled by a graduated adjustable sleeve fitted with the
valve to control the lift of the disc.
Each opening position is indicated by a marked number on the sleeve. At any
pre-set position, the valve opening can still be regulated from fully-closed to a
maximum opening at the pre-set position. The regulating sleeve is locked in the
set position to prevent undesirable interference with the setting but remaining
capable of being closed.

For sizes 35mm. and smaller, commissioning set shall be of all bronze or
gunmetal construction screwed ends and rising stem double regulating valve,
fitted with numeric indicator.
For sizes 50mm. and larger, commissioning set materials shall be as follows:

1) Metering Orifice Station.

Cast iron body, stainless steel orifice plate, gunmetal retaining bush and brass
test plugs.

2) Double Regulating Valve.

Cast iron body, stainless steel or bronze rising stem, gunmetal or cast iron
disc, gunmetal rings, anodized aluminium indicator plate and flanged ends.

2.6 STRAINERS

Strainers shall be provided at the suction side of each water pump and at other
locations as shown on the drawings.

Strainers shall be of Class 150 saturated steam working pressure, unless otherwise
specified in the project documents.

Strainers shall be either Y-type or basket type as required in project documents.

Strainers shall be of same size as the connecting pipe.

Strainers for 40mm. pipe size and smaller shall be bronze body with stainless
steel screen and screwed ends.

Strainers for 50mm. pipe and larger shall be cast iron body with stainless steel
42
 screen and flanged ends.

Screen perforation shall be as follows:

Pipe Size Perforation Size (mm.) Number of

(mm.) Perforations per
Sq.Cm.

Up to 40mm. 0.8 64

50mm. And larger 1.6 23

2.7 AUTOMATIC AIR VENTS

Automatic air vents shall he provided at all high points of water piping system
irrespective of whether indicated on drawings or not to permit venting any air
collection at high points which tends to obstruct flow.

Automatic air vents shall be of the float type, and construction shall be as follows
:

- Body and guide cross of cast iron.

- Valve seat, guide bush, upper and lower guide connecting rod, valve and guide
cone of brass or stainless steel.

- Float ball of stainless steel.

- All automatic air vents shall be installed with a suitable size shut off valve.

2.8 AIR INLETS AND OUTLETS

All air inlets and outlets shall be made of extruded aluminium alloy, polyester
powder coated, oven baked and with a suitable colour to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. All air inlets and outlets shall be tested by an approved laboratory and
certified by ADC (Air Diffusion Council) or an approved equivalent Authority.

2.8.1 Grilles and Registers

They shall be furnished with sponge rubber gaskets or foam tape behind the
frame to eliminate air leakage and with nylon bushings or PVC at the blades
connection to the frame to eliminate corrosion and vibration. Free cross-
sectional area shall be at least 65%.

- Supply air registers and grilles shall have individually adjustable horizontal
43
 front blades and vertical rear blades.

- Supply air register shall be equipped with key operated, opposed blade
volume control damper.

- Return and exhaust air registers and grilles shall have fixed single deflection
blades set at an angle of 35o.

- Return and exhaust air registers shall be equipped with key operated,
opposed blade volume control damper.

- All opposed blade volume control dampers shall be polyester powder coated
oven baked with black colour finish.

2.8.2 Diffusers

Diffusers shall be square or rectangular suitable for ceiling installation and duct
work application as shown on project drawings. They shall be provided with
rubber gasket or foam tape at the outer edge of the frame to produce a positive air
seal at the mounting surface. They shall be produced with removable core and
provided with equalizing grids. Face plates shall be furnished with concealed
hinges and clips. Duct collars connecting duct of diffuser shall be air tight and
not interfere with the volume control damper.

- Supply air diffuser shall be equipped with opposed blade volume damper
adjustable from the face of the diffuser without removing the core.

2.8.3 Linear Slot Type Diffusers

- The diffuser should have fully adjustable deflection blades which allow the air
pattern to be controlled along the ceiling, straight down or at some
intermediate setting.

- Supply linear slot diffusers, shall be equipped with volume control damper.
The damper shall be attached to the rear side of the diffuser and shall have a
black finish. The volume control damper shall consist of two strips of
extruded aluminium, one fixed and one moveable. The two strips shall have
holes and by offsetting the holes the air flow rate can be reduced.

- Supply linear slot diffusers shall be equipped with equalizing grid of extruded
aluminium with black finish.

2.8.4 Transfer Grill

It shall consist of two closely spaced grilles with connection collar. The grille shall
have fixed deflection blades set at an angle of 35o and parallel to long dimension
with mounting frame. The free area of the transfer grille shall not be less than 65%
of the total face area.

2.8.5 Door Grilles

44
 The frame shall be separated from the blades by an extruded rigid PVC track which
shall be an integral part of the frame. The blades shall be of V-shape; mounted in the
PVC track and spaced 12.5m on centres.

2.9 SOUND ATTENUATORS

Sound attenuators whether rectangular or cylindrical shall be rated in a laboratory

in accordance with ASTM E-477, Standard Method of Testing Duct Liner
Materials and Air Flow Performance. This procedure shall include ratings for
acoustical performance in terms of net insertion loss, in dB, pressure drop and
aerodynamic loss. Proper location of the silencer in the duct system is of
importance in order to avoid breakout of fan noise to occupied areas if unsilenced
duct is installed above these areas. The preferred location for silencers is in the
fan room or in ducts upstream of occupied areas in supply systems and
downstream of occupied areas in return air systems.

2.9.1 Rectangular Baffle Type Attenuators

The baffles shall be enclosed in an outer reinforced casing of galvanized sheet

steel and provided with sealing strips at both ends. Each baffle shall be of a
perforated sheet steel casing with a mineral wool fill. The inlet ends of the
baffles shall be rounded to ensure a low pressure drop.

2.9.2 Circular Attenuators

The attenuators shall be a tube of perforated sheet steel enclosed in a casing and
end plates made of galvanized sheet steel. The space between the tube and the
casing shall be filled with mineral wool fill. Silencers of more than 250mm
diameter shall be provided with one centre baffle.

2.10 LOUVRES

Louvres shall be suitable for installation into masonry work or directly connected
by duct work to air handling equipment and shall be as follows:

- Frame and blades shall be made of extruded aluminium alloy, polyester

powder coated, oven baked with a suitable colour to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.

- Each blade shall be held to the frame by aluminium angle brackets which
slip into a groove on the interior blade face and riveted to the frame.

- The blades shall be spaced 57 mm. on center and set at 45o to the horizontal.

- Edges of louvre blades shall be baffled to exclude driving vane.

- Louvre shall be furnished with an expanded aluminium bird screen, attached
to the interior faces of the louvre.

- For fresh air, intake, louvre shall be provided with insect screen, filters and
45
 control damper. Control damper shall be manual or motor operated as
required.

2.11 FIRE DAMPERS

Shall be fabricated in accordance with NFPA 90A and UL 555 or equivalent and
shall be as follows:

- To be provided in ducts and openings in shafts, floor, fire walls, fire

partitions and fire-rated ceilings.

- In horizontal ducts, fire dampers may be single or of the multiblade type. In

vertical ducts only single-bladed type shall be used.

- Galvanized sheet steel housing to be provided with angled flanges on both

sides.

- The damper shall be of 1.6mm thick sheet steel or steel/mineral fibre/steel

sandwich of equivalent fire resistance, thermally released.

- Fire dampers shall be equipped with fuse plug, positioning levers, fittings
and position indicator accessible from outside.

2.12 DAMPERS

2.12.1 Volume Control Damper

Volume Control Dampers shall be provided in duct work to regulate and balance
air systems; since dampers on the air inlets and outlets shall be used only for fine
or secondary regulating or balancing. The damper shall be fabricated in
accordance with SMACNA Duct Construction Standards.

Single blade dampers shall be used for damper widths up to 300mm. provided
that there is sufficient length of straight duct after the damper to ensure equal
flow before the next take off or outlet. Where the damper width is over 300mm.
multiblade dampers shall be used. Multiblade damper styles shall be generally
parallel blade for two position operation and opposed blades for modulating
position. The blades shall be constructed of galvanized sheet, suitably stiffened
by forming or other method, and assembled in prime coated for galvanized
channel frame with suitable hardware. The bearings shall be of bronze or oil
impregnated nylon.

Locking and indicating quadrant regulator shall be provided for each damper. The
indicating quadrant shall be clearly marked to indicate close, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and open
positions. On insulated ducts, quadrant regulators shall be mounted on stand off
mounting brackets or bases. For motor operated damper, the motor-operator shall
be electric or pneumatic as indicated in the project documents.

46
2.13 SUPPLY AND EXTRACT FANS

2.13.1 General

Fans shall be used for either supply or extraction of air with capacities and
characteristics as indicated in the Equipment Schedule or drawings and shall be
selected for minimum noise level.

Fan shall be complete with drive and motor. The fan and motor assembly shall be
factory built dynamically and statically balanced to provide vibration free operation
and shall clearly indicate the direction of rotation.

Fans shall be constructed in conformity with AMCA or approved equal standard and
have certified ratings based on tests performed in accordance with AMCA or
equivalent. Certified acoustical and fan curve performance data shall be provided at
the actual speeds required showing static pressure, total pressure, fan power and
mechanical efficiency and sound power level plotted against air-volume.

Fan motor shall be squirrel cage induction type, totally enclosed. Where motor is
located outside the air-stream it shall be fan cooled (T.E.F.C.) complying with the
Electrical Specification and MEW regulations.

Fan motor shall be suitable for operation on 50 cycles, 415 volts, 3 Phase or 50
cycles, 240 Volts, single phase as shown, on the fan's schedule.

Motor RPM shall not exceed 1500 unless otherwise specifically indicated in the
fan's schedules. Motor class of insulation shall be suitable for the fan application or
as given in the Project Documents.

Fan and motor shall be treated to withstand a corrosive atmosphere such as in

battery rooms, laboratories, etc.

The tabulated static pressures shown in the fan schedule are approximate and given
for guidance only. The contractor shall calculate the system total static pressure and
provide the required fan motor HP without additional cost.

2.13.2 Centrifugal Fans

Fans shall be either double inlet double width or single inlet single width as
indicated in the Project Documents.

Fans having a static pressure of 750 Pa and above shall be backward curved mild
steel sheet blades and fans below 750 Pa static pressure can be of the forward
curved mild steel sheet blades type.

Fans shall be with or without cabinet housing and available in right-hand or left-
hand version as indicated in the project documents. The side plates of the cabinet
type housing shall be rectangular with provision of impeller removal. The
housing shall be provided with a bolted inspection door for large units.

47
 Bearings shall be of the self-aligning, self-cooling babbitted sleeve type with
adequate oil reservoirs or self-aligning ball type with accessible grease fittings.
Fan shaft shall be turned and ground to size from mild steel bars and by-pass shall
be provided with screwing wheels and driving pulleys.

Fan motors shall be either unit mounted or mounted on the same base of the fan
with the possibility of motor base adjustment.

Motor pulley and fan pulley shall be adjustable to provide not less than 20%
speed variation except for fans with variable inlet vanes.

Fan drive shall be V-belts and pulleys secured to the fan and motor by keys fitted
into key ways. The motor pulley shall be of adjustable type. The V-belts shall be
of the anti-static type suitable for operation in temperatures upto 550C.

Where standby (twin) fans are to be provided according to the drawings, the fan
section shall be fitted with a tight proof shut-off pneumatically operated dampers
interlocked for opposite action so as to permit the closing of one fan while
opening the other and vice versa.

2.13.3 Wall and Glass Mounted Fans

Fans shall be of the propeller type of completely enclosed design and shall be
provided with means to close the air outlet when the fan is OFF and to open when
the fan is On. A draft-proof electrically operated shutter linked to the fan switch
shall be provided.

Fans shall be provided with flush fitting exterior grilles and interior panels to
conceal the fan.

Fans shall be housed in a base, fitted with weathering skirt and treated against
corrosion.

Fans of sizes above 300mm diameter shall be provided with speed regulator of
recessed mounting type.

2.13.4 Duct Mounted Fans

Fans shall be aerofoil, axial flow duct mounted type with non-overloading
characteristics, high efficiency and quiet operation. The fans shall be of the
heavy duty type and durable construction, provided with shut-off dampers to
automatically close when the fan is not running.

The casing shall be hot dip galvanized, cylindrical and flanged at each end and
provided with an inspection cover to provide access for blades angle adjustment.
The unit shall be also provided with flexible connection, mounting flanges and
vibration isolators.

Fan blades shall be of the die-cast aluminium. Bearings shall be of the

permanently lubricated type.
48
 Fan motor shall be either directly coupled to the fan shaft or provided with V-belt
drive.

2.13.5 Roof Ventilators

Roof ventilator shall have an axial, centrifugal or mixed flow type fan as
indicated in the project documents, housed in a weatherproof housing with base-
plate, cover hood, screen protection and pressure operated gravity shutters. All
exposed components shall be made of heavy gauge aluminium or strong, light in
weight material to give excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion and is
suitable for use in a wide range of climatic conditions.

Fan shall be directly driven or V-belt driven as indicated in the project

documents.

2.14 DIRECT EXPANSION A/C UNITS

2.14.1 Window Type A/C Units

Window type air conditioner shall be factory made, precharged, pre-wired and
tested, encased assembly type, designed for mounting in a window or a wall.
They shall be designed for free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space
without ducts.

Window type air conditioner shall perform the functions of filtering, cooling,
dehumidifying and circulating the room air and shall provide ventilation by
introducing outdoor air into the room or exhausting room air to the outside.

Window type air conditioner shall be a guaranteed continuous duty of not less
than that indicated on the drawings when the outside air on the condenser is at
460C.

Window type air conditioner shall be suitable for 240 volt/50 cycle/single phase
power supply.

Window type air conditioner shall consist of enclosed casing, conditioned air
distributing grill, room air intake grill, outdoor air inlet and outlet, air filter,
hermetic compressor with suitable vibration isolators, direct expansion cooling
coil, air cooled condensing coil, room air and condensing air circulating fans, fan
motor, refrigerant piping and necessary accessories, safety devices, control panel
and switches. The refrigerant used shall be R-22.

Window type A/C unit shall be quiet in operation.

The compressor shall be of the reciprocating or rotary type and of welded shell
construction.

Cooling coils shall be direct expansion fin-tube type evaporators having ample
cooling surface.

49
 Condenser shall be of the air cooled fin-tube type suitable for high temperatures.

Evaporator and condenser coil shall be of copper tube with aluminium straight
fins.

Condenser fan shall be propeller type and evaporator fan shall be centrifugal type
and the fan motor shall be either equipped individually or shall have both fans
directly mounted on an extended shaft of one motor.
The expansion device shall be capillary tube.

A cleanable type air filter shall be provided on the front face of the cooling coil.

The pre-wired control panel shall have means of control for High, medium and
low speed cooling, fan only and off positions and shall have a thermostat setting
dial. Ventilation control shall be activated by means of levers provided at the
front of the panel.

Window type A/C unit shall have a built-in condensate drain pan with sockets.

Housing shall be of sturdy sheet steel with sectional iron frame with primer and
top coat of paint and hammer finish.

2.14.2 Mini Split A/C Units

Mini split A/C units shall consist of an air cooled condensing unit and a matching fan
coil unit, factory assembled, pre-wired, pre-charged and factory tested, capable of
giving the required capacity at Kuwait conditions, using R-22 refrigerant.

2.14.2.1 Condensing Unit

a) Casing
Casing shall be constructed of heavy gauge M.S. sheet metal and shall be firm
and rigid.

Casing shall have an approved anti-corrosive and heat resistant paint finish.

b) Coil
Condenser coil shall be made of seamless copper tube with aluminium or
copper straight fins, mechanically expanded over the tubes.

c) Compressor
Compressor shall be of hermetic reciprocating or rotary type, of appropriate
capacity and shall be suitable for operation on 415V, three phase, 50Hz., or
240 volts, single phase, 50Hz., supply with a permissible voltage variation of
+/-6%. Compressors shall have inherent thermal protection or external
thermal overloads.

d) Condenser Fans
Condenser fans shall be multi-blade type directly mounted on drip proof motor
with class "A" insulation and shall be suitable for operation on 415 volts, 3
50
 phase, 50Hz. or 240 volts, single phase, 50Hz. supply with permissible voltage
variation of +/-6%. Condenser fan motors shall be provided with inherent
thermal protection.

2.14.2.2 Fan Coil Unit

Fan coil unit shall be either floor mounted, wall mounted, ceiling suspended or
cassette type as mentioned in the schedule of units or as shown on drawings.

a) Casing
Casing shall be of heavy gauge M.S. sheet, with decorative type stove enamel
finish, and shall be provided with adjustable type air deflectors.

b) Evaporator Coil
Evaporator coil shall be made of seamless copper tubes with aluminium or
copper fins mechanically bonded to the tubes. Spiral fins are not acceptable.

c) Fan
Fan shall be multi-blade centrifugal, two or three speed impeller type, directly
mounted on motor shaft and shall be easily accessible for maintenance. Fan
motor shall be open type with class "A" insulation, provided with inherent
thermal protection and suitable for 240V, 50Hz. single phase power supply.

d) Air Filters
Air filters shall be of permanent cleanable and washable type and shall be
easily accessible; thickness shall be minimum 12.5 mm.

2.14.2.3 Other Requirements

a) Pre-charged and pre-insulated refrigerant tubing as supplied by manufacturer

of the A/C unit shall be used. The insulation shall be wrapped with 8oz.
canvas and painted with two coats of weather proof paint.

b) Drain pipe sizes shall be minimum 19mm. diameter and the material shall be
G.I. The drain pipe shall be connected to the drain point of the unit with
transparent plastic flexible hose and jubilee clips.

c) A remote control switch and thermostat shall be provided for wall, ceiling and
cassette F.C.U. type and a built-in for floor mounted F.C.V.

d) All mountings, brackets, bolts, fixtures, etc. for installing the condensing unit
and fan coil unit shall be provided.

e) All mini split A/C units shall be provided with proper earthing as per M.E.W.'s
specifications.

2.14.3 Single Packaged Direct Expansion Unit

The unit must be of an internationally reputed and approved make and must have
an undisputed record of performance. Units shall be factory assembled, pre-
51
 charged, pre-wired and tested at not less than 3100 KPa (450 psig) for high
pressure side and 2067 KPa (300 psig) for low side for refrigerant 22. The
working pressure shall not be less than 2756 KPa (400 psig).

Each unit shall consist of compressor(s) condenser, evaporator, expansion valve,

filter drier, sight glass, interconnecting refrigerant pipework and all other
standard accessories and controls.

2.14.3.1 Casing

The casing of the A/C Unit shall be of weatherproof construction, suitable for
outdoor installation, made of heavy gauge galvanized steel, baked enamel finish.
Top, bottom and sides of evaporator section shall be insulated with 25mm thick
fiber glass or equivalent. Evaporator of double skin construction is also
acceptable. All panels shall be easily removable and all components must be
easily accessible for servicing. Evaporator section shall have a suitably insulated
drain pan and drain connections.

2.14.3.2 Compressor

Compressor shall be of the reciprocating type direct coupled to an electric motor

and complete with vibration isolators and crank case oil heater.

Compressor 10 H.P. and below, can be of hermetic (sealed) type preferably with
oil level sight glass.

Compressor above 10 H.P. shall be of semi-hermetic (semi-sealed) multi cylinder

type with service valves and oil level sight glass. All compressors above 15 H.P.
shall have suitable capacity control arrangement.

For multi-compressor units, each compressor shall have its independent

refrigerant circuit.

2.14.3.3 Condenser

Condenser coil shall be constructed of seamless copper tubes with copper or

aluminium plate fins mechanically bonded to the tubes. Spiral or round fins are
not acceptable. Maximum number of fins shall not exceed 14 per 25mm.

The condenser fans shall be propeller type with aluminium or steel blades, direct
driven, upward or sideward discharge, provided with protective screens mounted
to the casing.

2.14.3.4 Evaporator

Evaporator coil shall be of the same construction as of the condenser coil.

Evaporator coil face velocity shall not exceed 2.8 m/sec.

Evaporator fans shall be of the forward curved design and sized to suit the system
52
 pressure.

Fan motors shall be installed on an adjustable base and secured by a locking

device. Fan drive shall be through adjustable pitch pulley. Fan shall be provided
with sealed, permanently lubricated ball or sleeve bearings and the entire fan
assembly shall be statically and dynamically balanced.

2.14.3.5 Motors Enclosure and Insulation

The following are the minimum requirements of enclosure and insulation for
motors:

Type of Motor Enclosure Insulation

Compressor Motor Hermetic/Semi-Hermetic Special

Condenser Fan Drip-proof Class "E"

Motor

Evaporator Fan Drip-proof Class "A"

Motor

2.14.3.6 Control Wiring and Protection Devices

The control voltage shall be 24 volts and the A/C Units being offered must
feature the following minimum requirements of safety inter-locking and
protection devices:

a) Safety electrical interlocking of evaporator fan motor with

compressor/heater operation and mechanical interlocking through an air
flow switch, wherever duct heaters are provided.

b) Where multiple compressors are incorporated in the units their operation

must be in sequence in accordance with return air temperature.

c) Manually reset and adjustable high pressure and adjustable automatic low
pressure cutout for compressor protection.

d) Manually reset and adjustable oil pressure differential cutout of 90 sec/120

sec. trip time rating for compressors of 25 HP and above.

e) Time guard circuit for preventing compressor rapid recycling preferably of

adjustable range from 5 minutes to 15 minutes.

f) Time delay for sequence starting of multiple compressors system of

minimum 15 sec. delay rating.

g) Separate single phasing preventer suitable for three phase, 415 volts, 50 Hz.
power supply to prevent the whole unit from single phasing with a response
time rating of maximum 2.0 sec.
53
 h) Inherent thermal protection for compressor motor winding, three phase
evaporator fan and condenser fan, motor windings.

i) Inherent thermal protection or manually reset thermal or magnetic overloads

for single phase condenser and evaporator fan motors.

j) External overload with manual reset or MCCB of suitable rating for all 3
phase motors in addition to (h) above.

k) The unit shall be controlled by a room thermostat housed in a suitable

perforated transparent casing with a lock.

2.14.3.7 Return Air Filter Plenum

Return air filter plenum shall be an integral part of the unit, factory assembled.
Plenum shall be suitable for accommodating 50mm thick metallic cleanable
filters with a face velocity not exceeding 1.8 m/sec. However, equal and
approved field installed filter plenums are also acceptable.

2.14.4 Split System Direct Expansion Units

The unit shall be of an internationally reputed and approved make and must have
undisputed record of performance.

The unit shall consist of a remote air cooled condensing unit and a matching air
handling unit. Condensing units and air handling units shall be of the same make.

2.14.4.1 Condensing Unit

The condensing unit shall be of the air-cooled type, suitable for outdoor
installation, constructed of heavy gauge, galvanized sheet with baked enamel
finish. The unit shall be complete with it's own compressor(s), air-cooled
condenser, motors, fans, starters, relays and other standard accessories and
controls.

2.14.4.2 Air Handling Unit

The Air Handling Unit shall consist of an evaporator coil, fan, motor and drive
and expansion valve, all factory assembled in one casing.

Casing shall be constructed of heavy gauge galvanized sheet baked enamel finish.
Top, bottom and sides of the A/H units shall be insulated with 25mm thick fiber
glass or equivalent. Double skin construction is also acceptable. All panels shall
be easily removable and all components must be easily accessible for servicing.

2.14.4.3 Refrigerant Piping

a) Refrigerant piping assembled at site shall consist of copper tubing to ASTM

Specifications B.88, type 'K' hard drawn and soldered joints. Fittings shall
54
 be of wrought copper or fine cast brass. Where required for gauges, etc.,
tubing not larger than 10mm diameter may be of type 'K' soft (annealed)
with flared tube or double ferrule compression fittings suitable for high
pressure. Flux and solder as recommended by the manufacturers of tubing
and fittings only shall be used during installation.

b) Refrigerant piping shall be installed so as to ensure continuous and

automatic return of oil to the compressor. Gauges and meters etc., supported
directly on piping shall be properly levelled.

c) Refrigerant stop valves shall be back seating, key operated, seal cap type.
Valves which are to be in constant use shall have hand wheels and shall be
of packless type. Valves connected in copper tubing shall have solder type
ends of flanged ends and soldered flanged adaptors.

d) Accessories for field assembled systems like oil separators liquid receivers,
heat exchangers, expansion valves, etc. shall be installed as per
manufacturer's recommendations and specifications.

e) Replaceable core type filter drier with by-pass valves and liquid sight glass
shall be provided.

f) Pump down system shall be provided for each unit.

2.14.4.4 Pressure Tests

After installation is completed, but before piping is furred in or before insulation

is applied, all piping and equipment shall be tested for leaks under 3100 Kpa (450
psig) for high pressure side and 1378 Kpa (200 psig) for low pressure side, using
Nitrogen or an approved gas.

2.14.4.5 Vacuum Tests

Before charging the system with the refrigerant, it must be dehydrated

thoroughly, using a high efficiency vacuum pump and vacuum indicator.
Dehydrating operation should continue until a reading of 35 FWB at a pressure of
5.2mm HG absolute is reached.

2.14.4.6 Return air Filter Plenum

Refer to item No. 2.14.3.7 in Packaged A/C units.

2.14.4.7 Control Wiring and Protection Devices

Refer to item No. 2.14.3.6 in Packaged A/C units.

55
2.15 THERMAL INSULATION AND FINISHING

2.15.1 General Requirements

Thermal insulation shall be of an approved material with thermal conductivity

not higher than 0.042 W/m. Deg. C. (0.29 Btu/hr. Ft. sq. Deg. F. inch) measured
at an average temperature of 56OC (100O F). The thermal insulation shall be non-
corrosive to the metal, water repellent, fire retardant sustenance to vermin and
easily cut and fitted to shape during application.

The insulation shall be provided with an approved fire retardant vapour barrier
jacket to prevent moisture penetration to the insulation. Vapour barrier shall also
be applied to all joints and edges.

The insulation shall be fixed into the material surface by means of an approved
adhesive compound that has no corrosion effect on the metal and thoroughly
applied to the metal surface and insulation.

The insulation and finishing shall be carried out by skilled labour, and before
thermal insulation is applied, all metal surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and
treated with an approved corrosion inhibitor.

Insulation shall be applied in such a manner that air circulation within the
insulation or between the insulation and pipe, duct or equipment is completely
prevented. Pipe insulation shall fit snugly on the pipe and duct insulation shall
be adhered to the duct surface with special adhesive.

All insulation joints shall be firmly butted together, made absolutely tight and
finished smooth.

Vapour barrier jackets shall have 50mm minimum overlaps. Longitudinal

overlaps on exposed work shall be made towards ceiling or wall.

All insulation shall be made continuous through sleeves, openings, and pipe
hangers. The hanger shall be of size to fit around the insulation and jacketing.

Insulation shall be applied in such a manner as to permit expansion and

contraction of the metal without causing damage to insulation or surface finish.

Openings made in the insulation shall be provided with metal frames to protect
the edges of the insulation, and vapour sealed.

2.15.2 Pipe Work Insulation

Chilled, hot, condenser water, refrigerant pipes, valves, strainers, etc. and fittings shall
be insulated with rigid fibreglass of not less than 96 Kg/cubic meter density or
equivalent, performed sectionally and split longitudinally into two halves with factory
applied reinforced aluminium foil coating with the following thickness:
56
 INSULATION MATERIAL THICKNESS

PIPE SIZE

SERVICE
Up to 50mm 60mm-150mm. 200mm dia. &
dia. dia. above.
1. Chilled/Hot water pipes
Exposed to Sun. 25mm. 50mm. 75mm.

2. Chilled/Hot water pipes

in non-A/C areas. 25mm. 40mm. 50mm.

3. Chilled/Hot water pipes

in A/C areas 15mm. 25mm. 40mm.

4. Condenser water (cold) pipe from

cooling tower to condenser exposed to
sun
25mm. 25mm. -

5. Condensate drain pipe. 15mm. 15mm. -

6. Refrigerant (Suction Pipe only)

inside building.
25mm. 25mm. -
7. Refrigerant (Suction pipe only)
exposed to sun.
40mm. 50mm. -

The insulation shall be secured to the piping by adequate number of non-corrodable

straps, 2 nos./M. drawn tight and neatly cut. The straps shall not in any way cut the
insulation or vapour seal. Wires shall not be accepted.

All insulated pipes running inside A/C plant room or inside air handling unit rooms and
other machinery rooms or where they are exposed to view, shall be cladded with
anodized 0.4mm. thick aluminium sheets neatly installed. No painting is required above
the aluminium cladding. Coloured arrows and indications shall be used as specified
elsewhere.

All insulated pipes inside tunnels, shafts and above false ceiling shall be cladded with
0.3mm. thick smooth PVC sheet.
57
 Pipes running underground or in trenches below ground level, whether backfilled or not,
shall be specially treated for moisture and water-proofing. The whole insulation shall
be tightly wrapped with 20mm. galvanized wire mesh and coated with approved
bitumastic compound thickly applied to cover the wire mesh completely. Alternatively,
the insulation may be wrapped completely with denso tapes overlapped or equal and
covered with approved moisture proofing material.

Uninsulated pipes buried underground shall be protected against water and soil
corrosion.

2.15.3 Insulation of Water Pumps, Valves and Fittings.

Chilled/Hot water pumps, valves, strainers and fittings requiring periodic maintenance
shall be insulated with removeable and replaceable covers of 1mm. thick galvanized
sheet metal jacket lined with 50mm. thick rigid fibreglass insulation. All voids between
insulation and cold/hot equipment surfaces shall be filled with fibreglass blanket
insulation.

Joints of the metal cover shall be vapour sealed with vapour barrier coating after the
covers are in place.

2.15.4 Duct Work Insulation

Thermal insulation shall be made of fiberglass or equivalent material with reinforced

aluminium foil external coating, factory applied with resin bonded internal layer to
give flat and resilient surface. The insulation for all duct work exposed to outside
and those in plant rooms shall be rigid slab type and for the remaining duct work
flexible blanket type shall be used.

The density of insulation shall be minimum 24 Kg/cubic meter for flexible blanket
type and 48 Kg/cubic meter for rigid slab type and thickness shall be as below:

Supply air duct in non-airconditioned areas 50 mm

Supply air duct in airconditioned areas 25 mm
Return air duct in non-airconditioned areas 25 mm
Return air duct in airconditioned areas Nil
Fresh air duct in airconditioned areas 25 mm
Supply and Return air ducts exposed to
outside ambient temperature 75 mm

Insulation shall be secured to duct work with 50 mm x 50 mm G.I. sheet metal strips
of 22 gauge fixed to corners and tightened with wire at 150mm intervals. The strips
may be suitably grooved to take the wire fasteners. Transverse duct connections
such as pocket joints and flanges shall be additionally insulated with 100 mm wide,
25 mm thick insulation and covered with 200 mm. wide, 8 oz. canvas equally
overlapped on either side and finally coated with 2 coats of approved paint.

All duct work exposed to outside, shall be covered with 0.6 mm G.I. sheeting and
58
 shall be treated for waterproofing prior to cladding i.e. wrap the insulation with 0.5
mm thick polyethylene sheet and secure with adhesive. All duct work insulation
exposed to view shall be finished with 227 gm. canvas finished with 2 coats of fire
retardant and water proof paint.

2.16 ACOUSTIC DUCT LINING

Internal duct lining for acoustic insulation where applicable shall not be less than
25 mm thick fiberglass mat faced, flexible blanket of fine fibres with securely
bonded surface mat coated with black neoprene or approved equal. Lining shall
be applied with 100% coverage of fire resistive approved adhesive compound
and mechanical fastenings according to the manufacturer's instructions. Acoustic
lining shall be cleared 20 cm on each side of the duct heater where applicable.
Duct lining density shall be 24 Kg./cubic meter.

2.17 AIR HANDLING UNITS (CENTRAL STATION)

2.17.1 General

The Air Handling Unit shall consist of the required number of different factory
assembled sections, described below to handle each air handling unit's specific
demands given in the equipment schedules and as shown on the drawings. Unit fan
and coil performance shall be certified in accordance with the ARI Standard for fans
and coils or other approved standard which required no lower quality than
mentioned.

The design shall allow access of the housed components from the inspection side of
the unit. The various unit sections shall be all made in a right-hand or left-hand
version with respect to inspection panels as seen in the direction of the air flow.

The air handling unit shall be mounted on a common, horizontally rigid base frame
of galvanized steel of height not less than 100mm, and high enough to enable easy
mounting of the water trap for draining the condensate from the air cooler. The
bottom frames of the unit sections shall be bolted to the base frame. The width and
length of the base frame shall be selected to suit the size and combination of unit
sections of the relevant unit. The water trap shall be fitted and installed at the base
frame.

Air Handling Units installed outside shall be made of weather proof casings.

The tabulated fan static pressures shown in the equipment schedules are approximate
and given for guidance only. The contractor must calculate the system static
pressure and provide the required fan motor HP accordingly.

2.17.2 Casings
Casings shall be of double-skin air tight design with 25mm, thick mineral wool or
glass fiber insulation and ASTM A525-71, G90 hot-dipped galvanized steel sheet
with baked enamel finish. The insulation material shall provide good thermal
insulation, heat transmission factor max. 0.042 W/m.k. (0.29 Btu/hr-ft. sq. deg. F.)
and shall give good sound attenuation and meet NFPA-90A flame spread and smoke
59
 generation requirements.

The different sections are to be jointed by means of sturdy clamping strips.

The casing design shall allow completely smooth inside and outside surfaces for easy
service and cleaning.

Inspection panels with access doors shall be provided wherever necessary for
servicing the housed components. The access doors shall be tightly sealed and
hinged, and shall be provided with quick-release fasteners. All access doors and
infill panels shall close upon a 25mm side x 6mm thick rubber gasket secured to the
panel landing member. The extended panel edge and return angle shall provide an
air tight air seal.

The casings are to withstand an internal pressure of minimum 100mm. of water and
an internal vacuum of 150mm of water. Where the total head developed by the fan is
higher than 75mm. of water the casings shall be designed to withstand at least 125%
of the maximum head which can be developed by the fan.

2.17.3 Fan Section

2.17.3.1 Medium Pressure Fans (750 Pa and above of total static

pressure)

Centrifugal fan to be of backward curved DIDW type complete with fan motor, belt
drive, flexible connections and base-frame with slide rails. Fan wheels to be
statically and dynamically balanced. Fans to be selected for their maximum
efficiency. Impeller tip speed and outlet velocity shall ensure quiet running at all
operating speeds. Shaft bearings shall be of the permanent lubricated, self-aligning
type. Minimum required efficiency shall be 80%.

All metal parts to be well protected against corrosion and shall have factory finished
coating. Pulleys suitable for use with V-belt drive shall be fitted to motor and fan
shafts. Fan pulleys shall be of variable pitch type.

Fan motor position shall be adjustable by means of slide rails. Sufficient allowance
in fan horsepower calculations should be made in order that design air quantities are
obtained towards the end of the useful filter life when the pressure drop across the air
filter is maximum.

2.17.3.2 Low Pressure Fans

To be same as above except fan wheels could be forward curved type.

2.17.3.3 Fan Drive and Guards

Fan drives shall be of multiple V-belts and pulleys secured to the fan and motor shaft
by keys fitted into mechanical keyways. The motor sheave shall be of adjustable
type. The V-belts shall be of the anti-static type suitable for operations in
temperature up to 50oC.
60
 The V-belt drives shall be capable of transmitting the rated wattage output of the
motor with one belt removed. Drive and pulley guards shall be readily removable to
permit belts to be changed. Adequate access shall be provided in the guard to allow
tachometer readings and belt tension to be tested.

2.17.3.4 Fan Motor

Each motor shall be rated at least 130% of the fans rating when running at the
specified duties and suitable for operating in an ambient air temperature of 50oC.
Fan motors shall be squirrel cage, totally enclosed fan cooled type suitable for 415
volts, 3 phase, 50Hz. electrical supply.

The motor winding shall be provided with 3 nos. thermistor type overheating
cutouts.

All motors shall be suitable for horizontal foot mounting and shall be complete
with slide rails and belt adjusting bolts.

2.17.3..5 Variable Inlet Vanes

For VAV (Variable Air Volume) systems all supply, exhaust and return air fans
shall be provided with variable inlet vanes of the type with vane shafts connected to
control rings by crank arms integrated within the inlet bell. Both sets of vanes are
to be operated by a lever on the fan scroll with a connecting shaft between inlets.

2.17.4 Cooling Coil Section

The coil shall be constructed from seamless copper tubes of 15mm. diameter with
profiled aluminium fins, with aluminium fins spaced at not more than 10 per
25mm. The headers and water connections shall be made of copper. Plugged
tappings for venting and drainage shall be fitted on the coil. Venting and drainage
connection to be executed as specified elsewhere in the specifications.

Cooling coils shall be drainable and shall have untrapped circuits. An internal
condensate pan of stainless steel sheet with drain connection to the inspection side
of the unit shall be provided.

The drain line shall be provided with a "U" trap suitable for the operating static
pressure of the fan.

The coil shall be designed to operate with a face velocity up to max. 2.8m/sec. and
number of rows shall not exceed 8.

Maximum pressure drop on the water side shall not exceed 48KPa and scheduled
values on the air side (not more than 100 Pa).

Where coil height exceeds 1.5 meter it shall be split into two coils with
intermediate drainpans with drop tubes at either and to drain condensate to the main
drain pan without flooding the lower coil.
61
 The sides of the units shall be removable for withdrawal of the coil.

The coil shall be designed for a maximum working pressure of 1050 KPa. Each
coil shall be factory tested at a minimum pressure of 2100 KPa.

The coils shall be designed and tested in accordance with the American National
Standards Institute safety code for mechanical refrigeration (ANSI B9.1).

2.17.5 Heating Coils

The coils shall be constructed from seamless copper tube of 16mm. diameter with
profiled aluminium fins. The header and water connection shall also be made of
copper. Plugged tappings for venting and drainage shall be fitted on the coil.

Maximum pressure drop on water side shall not exceed 15 KPa.

The coil shall be designed for a maximum working pressure of 1050 KPa and
maximum working temperature of 149oC.

Each coil shall be factory tested at a minimum pressure of 2100 KPa.

The heating coil fins shall not exceed 10 per 25mm.

2.17.6 Air Filter Sections

Each air handling unit shall be provided with a complete set of air filters section as
indicated on the drawings and/or Particular Specifications.

The filters shall be installed with gaskets and clips to maintain a positive pressure
seal between filter and frame in order to prevent leakage, or by-pass unfiltered air
and facilitate installation.

Filters shall be installed in such a manner that they can be quickly and easily
removed and that no special tools are required. Filters can be arranged in a straight
or V-bank pattern.

Filter sections shall be equipped with removable access panels or doors for
replacement and service of the filters.

2.17.7 Access Sections

Access sections shall have hinged doors on both service sides and shall be suitable
for installation between any two components. Access sections shall be provided,
where necessary for inspection or maintenance purposes.

2.17.8 Empty Sections

Empty sections shall be provided to form a plenum on the discharge side of fans or,
62
 where necessary for erection of the thermostats.

2.17.9 Intake Damper Sections

Intake Damper Sections shall be with contra-rotating blades of a torsionally rigid

double-skin casing. The bearing shall be of glass fibre reinforced nylon. The
damper shall be fixed to a connection frame for jointing directly to the unit casing.

Dampers shall be sectionalized to limit blade length of not more than 1250mm. in
order to prevent excess blade warping and to ensure tight closure.

2.17.10 Mixing Sections (Constant Ratio of Outdoor Air to Return Air Mixing)

The mixing sections shall consist of two dampers of equal size with parallel-
rotating blades to guarantee effective mixing. The blades shall be made of a
torsionally rigid double-skin construction of galvanized steel sheet. The bearings
shall be of glass fibre reinforced nylon. Dampers shall be sectionalized to not more
than 1250mm. The dampers shall be manually operated or motor driven as
specified elsewhere.

2.17.11 Miscellaneous Components

a. Plenum Chamber Lighting.

All filters, sprays and fan and coil chambers of Air Handling Units handling an
air volume of 5 cubic meter per second and above shall be provided with
watertight bulkhead light fittings. These fittings will be wired in conduit up to
the starter panel.

b. Vibration Isolators.
Vibration isolator bases shall be rubber-in-shear, spring, springs under inertia
base or special units for low rpm fans and for usually critical applications
unless otherwise specified elsewhere.

c. Pressure Differential.
A permanent easily readable inclined type manometer with a suitable range to
be fitted across each filter section, supply and return air fan.

2.18 FAN COIL UNITS

2.18.1 General

Fan Coil Units shall be supplied and installed as shown on the drawings. The units
shall be of 3 or 4 rows coil type.

Coils to be suitable for chilled and hot water application; their ratings, duties and
types shall be as tabulated in the equipment schedule. The fan coil units shall be
selected at medium speed to give the required capacities. They shall generally be in
accordance with the following specification.

63
2.18.2 Cabinets

All Fan Coil Units as listed in the equipment schedule and drawings shall be either
furred-in or exposed type.

The furred-in type (when required) shall be installed above false ceiling and to be
suitable for connection to supply ducting. Also it shall be supplied and installed
complete with return air plenum suitable for filter installation.

The exposed type fan coil units shall be complete with outer cabinet including supply
and return air grilles.

The cabinet shall be constructed of the best quality heavy gauge steel waterproof and
corrosion resistant, accoustically and thermally insulated internally with easily
removable access panel and with baked enamel finish and colour to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.

2.18.3 Coil

Cooling coils shall be constructed of heavy gauge copper tubes and copper or
aluminium fins. The fin spacing shall not exceed 472 fins per meter. Tubes shall be
mechanically expanded to the fins. Each coil shall be provided with a manual air
vent of an approved type. An insulated drain pan fitted with a drain connection shall
be provided to receive all condensation and drip from internal fittings.

2.18.4 Filters

Filters shall be 25mm thick air filter and shall be of the heavy duty, cleanable type
having non-ferrous metal wool or other well proven material arranged in a solid
frame. The air filter to be located remotely in the return air opening provided in the
return air plenum. Exposed type fan coil units shall have the same type of air filters
but with a minimum thickness of 12.5mm.

2.18.5 Fan

The fan shall be of the multi-blade centrifugal type with balanced wheel directly
coupled to an electric motor and shall operate at a static pressure as tabulated in the
equipment schedule. Noise level generated shall be within the specified limits.

2.18.6 Fan Motor

Fan motor shall be of the open type suitable for 240V single phase A.C. 50 cycles
with thermal protection and shall be silent in operation. Motors shall be of 3 speed
type with permanent split capacitor starting and shall generally comply with
electrical specifications.

2.18.7 Controls

Each unit shall be complete with manually selected 3 speed fan control switch with
'OFF' position. The switch shall be suitable for wall mounting for high level and
64
 concealed type units. For floor mounted units the switch shall be an integral part of
the unit.

2.19 AIR FILTERS

Air filters shall be used for outdoor air and recirculated air and shall be tested in
accordance with ASHRAE Test Standards 52 - 76.

2.19.1 Dry Type Cleanable (Washable) Panel Filters

Shall be of metallic type, constructed of galvanized steel and designed to provide

maximum arrestance, large dust holding capacity and low resistance.

The filter media shall be constructed of layers of crimped corrugated wire screen and
expanded galvanized steel to provide large filtering area and shall be held in a heavy
gauge galvanized steel frame capable to withstand shock and abuse.

The filter shall be sized for maximum air velocity of 1.78 m/sec. with initial press
drop of not more than 25Pa and average arrestance of 75%.
This type of filter may be used as a pre-filter to a higher efficiency filter.

2.19.2 Grease Type Washable Filters

Shall be permanent, washable heavy duty type. The filter media shall be constructed
of multiple layers of crimped, corrugated galvanized steel wire and expanded
galvanized steel arranged to provide thousands of small progressive baffles, to ensure
uniform air flow and maximum grease holding capacity. The filter media shall be
held in a heavy gauge galvanized steel frame designed to withstand shock and abuse.
These filter shall be used in commercial kitchens, in hotels, institutions and
restaurants, to reduce fire hazards and prolong the service life of fans, motors and
other mechanical equipments.

2.19.3 Disposable Panel Filter with Permanent Frame

Disposable panel type filters with permanent frame shall consist of galvanized steel
frame with sealing and quick release fasteners for filter media changing. Wire grid
shall be used as media support and the effective area shall not be less than 96%. The
filter media shall be made of fibreglass with a nominal thickness of 50mm. capable
of operating with variable face velocity up to 2.54m/sec. without impairing
efficiency and rated initial press drop of 50 Pa and final recommended pressure drop
of 125 Pa. The media shall have an average dust weight arrestance of 75 - 80 percent
on ASHRAE Test Standard 52 - 76. This type of filter may be used as a prefilter to a
higher efficiency filter.

2.19.4 Disposable Panel Filters

The filter media shall consist of continuous filament glass fibre of progressive
65
 density construction. The air entering side shall have an open weave fibre pattern
with large diameter fibres. The fibre diameters shall become smaller and the weave
shall become progressively tighter from the air entering to the leaving side of the
media. This construction allows dirt to penetrate deep into media, utilizing its full
depth. Metal retainers shall be placed on both sides of the media pad to provide
support as resistance increases. The media pad and retainers shall be contained in a
sturdy chipboard frame for dependable operation. The filter thickness shall be
minimum 50mm.

The filter shall be sized for a maximum air velocity of 2.54m/sec. with initial
pressure drop of not more than 50 Pa and final pressure drop of 125 Pa. The average
arrestance shall be 75 - 80 per cent.

This type of filter may be used as a pre-filter to a higher efficiency filter.

2.19.5 Disposable Extended surface air filters (Pleated panel type)

The filter shall be disposable, medium efficiency, pleated panel type. It shall be
designed to provide better performance and larger service life than the conventional
panel fitters. It may be used alone or as a pre-filter in a high efficiency unit. The
filter shall be of two inches or four inches deep as required in the project documents.
The filter shall consist of a pleated media pack enclosed in a strong chipboard frame.

Metal retainers shall be placed on both sides of the media pack to provide support as
resistance increases. The pleated media pack shall be bonded to the inside of the
frame, forming a totally unitised construction.

The media shall be supported by a wire grid to maintain the uniform shape of the
pleats to ensure proper air flow and dust loading at the rated filter velocity.

The media shall have an average dust spot efficiency of 25 to 30 per cent when tested
in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 52-76 and shall have average arrestance of
not less than 90%, with a rated initial pressure drop of 75 pa and a final
recommended pressure drop of 250 Pa at a face velocity of 2.54 m/sec for 50mm
thick filter.

2.19.6 Bag Filters

It shall be of dry, extended surface pocket type consisting of 16 gauge galvanized

steel holding frame and replaceable filter. Holding frames shall be predrilled for
convenient assembly into banks and shall be installed to provide service from the air-
intake side. Holding frames shall be equipped with factory installed special high
temperature gaskets and heavy duty rotary spring type latches which fasten across
the corners of the filter to force the filter firmly against the gaskets. Replaceable air
filters shall consist of rigid rust-resistant metal headers to which individual pockets
of filter media are attached. The media shall be made from ultra-fine fibreglass
supported on the air leaving side by a protective media backing.
66
 The bag filter shall be designed for a face velocity of 2.54 m/sec.

Bag filter are available in different efficiency ranges. The efficiency of the required
filters shall be as given in the project documents.

The following table shows the initial and final pressure drop for different efficiency
ranges:

Efficiency Permissible Recommended Final

Dust Spot As Initial Press. Pressure Drop
Per ASHRAE Drop
52 - 76 (Pa) (Pa)

40 - 45 75 250
50 - 55 87 300
60 - 65 100 300
80 - 95 112 300
90 - 95 162 300

2.19.7 High Efficiency Box Filter

It shall be a high efficiency air filter with a minimum efficiency of 95% determined
by the DOP test method. The filter shall consist of a frame in which the media is
inserted, in tightly folded form. The frame shall be of electro-zincated sheet and the
media shall be produced from waterproof high strength glass fibre paper. The filter
shall be held open by a corrugated separator; the separator shall be of safe edge
aluminium. The filter shall be supplied with gasket of either closed cell neoprene or
glass fiber and shall be provided with sealer between the filter media and the frame.
The sealer shall be of neoprene rubber, glass fibre, silicone glue, or ceramics
according to the temperature requirements.

The initial pressure drop shall not exceed 250 Pa and final recommended pressure
drop shall not exceed 500 Pa at a face velocity of 2.54 m/sec.

2.19.8 Automatic Roll Type Filters

Automatic roll type filters shall be either of vertical or horizontal type. It shall
consist of filter media, roll boxes and drive. The media shall be of fibre glass,
reinforced by glass filaments and compressed on a disposable steelcore spool with
permanent galvanized plates.

Tightly closing filter seat shall be provided to prevent any unfiltered air from passing

67
 around the filter. Roll boxes shall be of galvanized steel and shall completely
enclose both clean and used media and ensure that media cannot be installed
backwards. The drive motor shall be factory assembled and pre-wired and shall be
with gear and chain and control consisting of adjustable static pressure controller or
automatic adjustable timer with manual override, interlocked to fan motor by
interlocking relay. Filter media shall be at least 25m. long and 50mm. thick with
filter face velocity of maximum 2.54 m/sec initial resistance approximately 50 Pa
and average dust weight arrestance shall be 70 - 80 per cent on ASHRAE Test
Standard 52 - 76.

2.19.9 Activated Carbon Filters

Activated Carbon Filters shall be used for absorbing gaseous and odorous
contaminants from intake air and odorous or harmful substances form exhaust air. It
shall be suitable for duct or wall installation, cylindrical or panel type as required in
project documents. The media shall be activated carbon and the filter housing shall
be made of stainless steel.

2.20 A/C STEEL STAND

A steel stand shall be furnished for each A/C package unit. The stand shall be high
enough so that supply duct will be straight from A/C unit to the air-conditioned
space. Steel stand should be fastened rigidly to ground.

Angle iron and expanded metal doors and fences to be provided where necessary.

Approach ladders made of steel and firmly anchored in place also to be furnished
wherever necessary.

68
 PART III

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

FOR PACKAGED “DX”AIRCOOLED A/C UNITS (Single piece or split)

a) A 415 volts, 3-phase, 4-wire 50hz. supply and an isolator switch of

adequate rating is available for each unit at location shown on the drawing
or at location which is decide at site. Contractor shall supply and install all
necessary control gears and wiring required for each unit. Also where
necessary, a weatherproof enclosure should be provided to the satisfaction
and approval of the Engineer.

b) The electrical wiring including the earthing of the unit shall, fully comply
with the rules, regulations and the standard specifications of electrical installation
works issued by MEW. All wiring shall be carried PVC cables in heavy gauge
galvanized conduits run on surface of walls or by PVC/SWA/PVC cables as
required. All necessary controls and interlocks and their wiring shall be provided by
the Contractor. All cables shall be protected from direct sunlight.

c) All electrical motors and equipment shall be designed for continuous and
satisfactory operation on 415 volt, 3-phase, 50 Hz., 4-wire supply system with the
following variations:

Voltage : + 6%
Frequency : + 4%

The contractor shall confirm in writing that all electrical equipment will operate
satisfactorily on the above supply system.

1) Motor Rated for

a) 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 Hz.
b) 230 volts, 1-phase , 50 Hz.
May be accepted provided a written assurance from the manufacturer is submitted
with the offer stating that such motors will operate satisfactorily on the supply system
stated above.

69
 2) Motors Rated for
a) 330 volts, 3-phase, 50 Hz.
b) 220 volts, 1-phase , 50 Hz.
c) 440 volts, 460 volts and 480 volts, 3-phase 60 Hz.,
shall not be accepted.

d) All thermostats should be operated at voltage not more than 24 volts.

e) The following are the minimum requirements for motors regarding

enclosure, insulation and protection.

Type of
Enclosure Insulation Protection
Motor
Compressor Hermetic or Semi- Special External magnetic or
Motor Hermetic thermal overload on
three phase in
addition to the
inherent ones.
Condenser Drip-Proof 8 Class “E” External magnetic or
Fan thermal overload on
three phase or
inherent thermal
protection.
Evaporator Open type 8 Class “A” Ditto
Fan Motor

For each 3-phase motor, external magnetic or thermal overload shall be provided
with manual resets. Automatic reset with time delay relay is accepted. In addition,
manual start and contractor arrangement shall be provided for each unit so that the unit
does not re-start automatically after a power failure. The air contractor shall be in
addition, to the compressor starter.

Single phasing protection shall be provided. In case of single phasing the unit shall
stop completely as a whole.

f) the central circuit of each A/C unit shall incorporate a timer to prevent short
cycling of the compressor. The timer shall have setting range of minimum 5 minutes
to maximum 15 minutes.

For different units the delay setting of the timer shall be such that the unit will be
switched on, one after another, in sequence.

This will avoid heavy inrush currents when the power supply is resumed after
failure.

g) 3-phase motors upto and including 15 HP may be prepared with direct on

line starters. Motors above 15 HP should be provided with reduced current starters to

70
 ensure that the starting current does not exceed 2.5 times the full load current.

h) Ring earthing should be provide and shall be connected to switches as well

as motors. 25x3mm copper tape shall be used for ring earth.

i) All switchgear, wires and cables shall be suitably derated for the Kuwait
climatic conditions. For guidance 705 derating factor may be applied to NTP rating.

j) The contractor shall submit for approval a detailed cable route drawings
and a complete wiring diagram, listing all the particulars for the equipment and
wiring including the interlocks called for, before commencing any installation work
on the site and in a sufficient time to enable the Ministry to check and if necessary
modify these drawings and return them to the contractor.

k) For the plant three sets of maintenance and engineering catalogues and
mechanical and electrical working drawings each set combined in one folder, shall
be submitted to the purchaser before handing over. Also one set of electrical working
drawings on polyster film or diazo polyster film mother prints of thickness not less
than 2.5 mil. should be submitted for record purpose.

l) Micro films
The Contractor has to supply to the Ministry three sets of 35mm silver halide micro
films appearature cards made from (as fitted or built) original drawings. The front
face of these appearature cards should be left blank and on the reverse face, the
following details to be shown:

♦ Supplier
♦ Contract no.
♦ Title of the Project
♦ Title of the Drawings
♦ Drawing No.
♦ Reduction ratio
♦ Date

A sample of processed micorfilm appearature card should be submitted to the

Ministry for approval.

m) Weatherproof Enclosures
Weatherproof enclosures for A/C switches at roof shall be factory fabricated and
dust and water protected type complying with I.E.C No. 144, degree of protection IP
54.

The enclosure should be provided with hinged door having suitable latching
arrangement. Heavy gauge galvanized sheet or aluminium shall be employed in
construction of the enclosure.

Entry and exit conduits/cables shall be from the from the bottom.

n) Extract Fan

71
 All extract fans shall be of the window, roof or wall mounted type suitable for
Kuwait outdoor conditions. They shall be provided with outside baffles for
protection against weather. Fans shall be completely enclosed designed with draft
proof automatic electrically operated shutters.

ABS PIPING FOR HVAC SYSTEM

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. Scope

1) Supply and install pipe and fittings complete in accordance with the
requirements of the contract documents, supply and install all required piping
and gate valve to flush the piping system.
2) Type of pipe, and fittings specified in this section include the
following.

a. Piping materials
ABS
b. Pipe fittings
ABS

B. Related works

1. Section 09900 - Painting

2. Section 15000 - Mechanical System
3. Section 15120 - Expansion
4. Section 15140 - Supports
5. Section 15190 - Mechanical Identification
6. Section 15240 - Vibration Insulation
7. Section 15260 - Mechanical Insulation
8. Section 15500 - HVAC system
9. Section 15515 - Hydronic Specification

1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE

72
 A. Regulatory Requirements

a. Installation as described in manufacturers installation manual,

covered under Australian Standard AS 3690.
b. Manufacturing according to AS 3855-94
c. Pipes should be ISO 9002 certified.
d. The layout of all pipework shall be checked on site prior to
installation an all care shall be taken to ensure a neat and workmanship
appearance of the installation.

Support:

a. The maximum distance between pipe supports shall be in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
b. The width of the pipe supports shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
c. Pipe supports shall not exert undue pressure on the pipe wall
or deform the pipe wall against the clamp or support.

Thermal Expansion

a. Adequate care shall be taken to accommodate expansion and

contraction of pipes.

b. Expansion loops and/or expansion compensators shall be

acceptable means to accommodate thermal movement.

c. Contractor shall carry out a total pipework analysis and

submit calculation along with selection data compensation devices for
approval by the engineer.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data
Submit catalogue cuts specification installation instruction and dimensioned
drawings for each type of pipe and fittings. Submit piping schedule showing
manufacturer, pipe weight, fitting type, and joint type for each piping system.

1.04 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Provide factory-supplied plastic end-caps on each length of pipe or as

recommended by manufacturer. Maintain end-caps through shipping,
storage and handling as required to prevent pipe and damage and avoid
dirt and moisture accumulating inside the pipe.
B. Where possible, store pipes and fitting in-doors, protected from
weather. Where necessary to store outside, elevate above ground and enclose
with durable, waterproof wrapping.
C. Protect flanges, fittings and valves from moisture and dirt by indoor
73
 storage and enclosure, or by packaging with durable, waterproof wrapping.

PART 2- PRODUCTS

2.01 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

1. ABS EURAPIPE (Australia)

2.02 Piping Materials

A. General
Provide pipe and tube of type, joint type, grade, size and weight (wall thickness
or class) indicated for each service. When type, grade or class is not indicated,
provide proper selection as determined by the contractor and approved by the
engineer for installation requirements, and comply with governing regulations
and industry standards. The proposed manufacturer shall have at least 10 years
reference of installation in Kuwait and/or GCC countries.

B. ABS Pipes
Pipes are manufactured according to Australian Standards AS 3518 (Part 1 and
2) AS 3855-94 and ISO 9002 certified.

2.03 Pipe Fittings

A. General
Provide factory-fabricated fittings type, materials, grade, class and pressure
rating indicated for each service and pipe size. Provide size type matching pipe,
valve or equipment connection in each case. Where not otherwise indicated,
comply with governing regulation and industry standard selection, and with
manufacturer’s recommendation where applicable as approved by the engineer.

B. Fitting for ABS Pipes

a. The ABS pipes and fittings shall be manufactured in

accordance with Australian Standard AS 3518.1 and fittings to AS
3518.2 and must be branded accordingly. The pipe manufacturer shall
be accredited with ISO 9002-1994. Manufacturer shall be Eurapipe or
74
 approved equivalent.
b. Installation shall be in accordance with AS 3690 “installation
of the pipe and fittings system” the manufacturer’s recommendation
and approval.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.01 Installation

A. General

Install pipe and fittings in accordance with recognized industry practices, which will
achieve permanently – leak proof piping system, capable of performing, each
indicated service without piping failure. Install each run with minimum joints and
couplings, but with adequate accessible unions for disassembly and maintenance /
replacement of valves and equipment. Reduce sizes (where indicated) by use of
reducing fittings. Align piping accurately at connection, within 1.6mm(/16”)
misalignment tolerance. Comply with ANSI B31 code for pressure piping.

The installation shall be carried out under the supervision of the nominated
manufacturer’s representative or by qualified person carrying qualification certificate
of installing ABS pipes and fittings. The certificate shall be submitted for the
approval of the engineer.

B. Locate piping runs

Except as otherwise indicated, vertically and horizontally (pitched to drain) and

avoid diagonal runs wherever possible. Orient horizontal runs parallel with walls and
column lines. Locate runs as shown or described by diagrams, details and notations
or, if not otherwise indicated, run piping in shortest route which does not obstruct
usable space or block access for servicing building and its equipment. Secure piping
close to walls, overhead construction, columns an other structural and permanent
enclosure element of building; limit clearance to 13mm (1/2”) where furring is
shown for enclosure or concealment of piping, but allow for insulation thickness, if
any. Where possible in finished and occupied spaces, conceal piping from view, by
locating in column enclosures. In shallow wall construction or above suspended
ceilings, do not encase horizontal runs in solid partition, except as indicated.

C. Electrical Equipment Spaces

Do not run piping through transformer rooms and other electrical or electronic
equipment spaces and enclosures unless unavoidable and approved by the engineer.
75
 Install drip pan under piping that must be run through electrical spaces and above
Computer Room Ceiling.

D. Installation of ABS pipes is as per AS 3690 or equal.

E. Large diameter pipes should be rolled down planks from the transport
unit or unloaded with crane.

F. Where mechanical handling is allowed, metal slings, hooks, or chains

should not come into direct contact with the pipe surface. Where possible
“fabric sling” should be used and should be attached at two points on the load.
Do not sling from the middle of the pipe. Care should be taken to prevent any
damage to the external surface of pipes by rough handling or dragging along the
ground.

G. ABS fittings should be stored in the original plastic wrap bags until
ready for use. Fittings supplied in cardboard cartons are suitable for external
storage. Under general climatic conditions, ABS pipe need not be stored under
cover unless storage period is likely to exceed 3-4 months. When extended
storage periods are required, pipes should be covered and protected with cover
from high temperature and store in level ground free from dust and large
stones.

H. For cold cement welding correctly make joints using technique and
tools required as instructed by manufacturer’s manual and by using the proper
ABS cement and MEK cleaner and as follows:-

1. Measure the pipe and cut cleans and squares.

2. Remove internal & external swarf and file 2-10mm to 30deg.
Chamfer the outer edge of the pipe.
3. Lightly abrade the gloss from the outer surface of the pipe and
the inner surface of the fitting using emery tape.
4. Clean the abraded surface with clean rag moistened with MEK.
5. Mark the pipe distance back from the end equal to the depth of
the socket plus 10mm. This is to allow you to identify when the joint is
fully “home”.
6. For sizes abrade 100mm position the winch to pull the joint
together after cement is applied.
7. Apply the cement as quickly as possible first to the socket then
to the pipe using longitudinal brush strokes.
8. Immediately after application of the cement push the pipe fully
home using the mark on the pipe as a guide. Do not twist fittings on to
pipe; if using which don’t exert additional force once the pipes are fully
home.
9. Wipe excess cement from the joint. Care should be taken to
avoid excess deposits of cement inside small diameter fitting.
10. For pipes running in trenches follow the procedure of
manufacturer’s manual as directed by the engineer.

76
3.02 Cleaning, Flushing & Inspecting

Clean exterior surface of installed piping system of superfluous materials and

prepare for application of specified coatings (if any). Flush out piping systems with
clean water before proceeding with required tests. Inspect each run of each system
for completion of joints, supports and accessory items.

1. Inspect pressure piping in accordance with procedures of ANSI B31.

2. Provide piping and gate valve to allow the complete flushing of the
system without allowing water to enter any coil bank.

3.03 Piping Tests

A. General

Provide temporary equipment for testing, including pumps and gauges. Test piping system
before insulation is installed wherever feasible, and remove control devices before testing.
Test sections for each piping system independently, but does not use piping system valves to
isolate sections where test pressure exceeds valve pressure rating. The extent of each section
tested is to be approved by the engineer. Fill each section with water and apply specified
pressure and time. Testing should not be carried out unless sufficient time is given from the
since completion of last joint, as recommended by the manufacturers.

1. Test pressure piping in accordance with ANSI B31

2. Required test period is 24 hours.
3. Test long runs at 1033 Kpa (150psi), except where fittings are lower class of pressure
rating.
4. Test each piping system at 150% of operating pressure indicated, but not less than
1033 Kpa (150 psi) test pressure.
5. Observe each test section for leakage at end of test period. The test has failed if
leakage is observed or if pressure drop exceeds 5% of test pressure.

B. Repair piping system sections, which fails require piping test by disassembly and re-
installation, using new material to the extent required to overcome leakage. Do not use
chemicals, stop-leak compounds, mastics, or other temporary repair methods.

C. Drain test water from piping systems after testing and repair work has been
completed.

END OF SECTION

77
 VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) BOXES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. Scope

1. Supply and install variable air volume (VAV) boxes complete in

accordance with the requirements of the Contract Documents. This
Section relates to supply and installation of variable air volume (VAV)
boxes for the HVAC Installation.

2. Type of VAV boxes required include the following:

a. Shutoff units-pressure independent electronically controlled.

b. By-pass Terminal Units

3. All wiring from transformer to individual VAV boxes shall be part of this
Section.

B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere :

78
 1. Refer to "Electrical Materials and Equipment" Section of the HVAC
Installation for power supply and transformer details for VAV boxes.

2. Refer to "Automatic Control Sequences" Section of the HVAC Installation

for control sequence related to VAV boxes.

1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Acceptable Manufacturers

1. Subject to Compliance with the requirements of the Contract Documents

a. Manufacturer's offering variable air volume (VAV boxes which

may be incorporated into the work include but are not limited to
the following :
(i) Titus.
(ii) Trane Co.
(iii) Tuttle and Bailey
(iv) Flakt
(‫)ﻩ‬ York
(‫)ﻭ‬ Metal Air

b. Alternative manufacturer's units will be considered if they are produced by

a specialized manufacturer whose units are equal in every respect and
which have been in similar service for not less than ten (10)ý years.

B. Regulatory Requirements

1. UL and NFPA Compliance : Provide VAV boxes which have been listed
and labelled by Underwriters Laboratories UL - 181 and whose
construction materials comply with NFPA 90A.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data : Submit manufacturers VAV boxes Specifications, installation,

operation and adjustment instructions, and accurate Air Volume-Pressure
Performance curves with selection points clearly indicated.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 VARIABLE AIR VOLUME BOXES

A. General:

The VAV terminal unit shall be designed to provide airflow control to maintain
79
 temperature requirements of the room. The unit shall be of the pressure
independent shut-off type with sizes as shown on the drawings. The unit shall
operate through a type full range of design flow (20% -- 100%) without changing
any mechanical component. The unit shall be factory calibrated with field
adjustable set points to set the maximum and minimum air-quantities. The unit
shall consist of casing, basic control unit and thermostat in addition to accessories
such as sound attenuator. thermostats, whether built-in or wall mounted, shall be
provided by the VAV unit manufacturer. VAV box shall be provided with air
volume regulator. Each VAV unit shall be provided with flow taps and calibrated
charts to permit field calibration and readjustments.

B. Furnish and install electronically controlled, single duct, variable air volume
boxes of the sizes and capacities shown on the Drawings and schedules. Each
assembly shall be pressure independent with a tolerance of + 15 metres per minute
(+ 50 fpm) air flow regulation throughout the entire specified CFM, regardless of
duct pressure fluctuation.

C. Provide VAV boxes with differential static pressure, at an inlet velocity of 600
metres per minute (2000 fpm), for any size not exceeding 3.8 mm (0.15 inches)
wg for the basic assembly, or 11.4 mm (0.45 inches) wg with the sound attenuator
added.

D. Provide electronic air flow sensors independent of duct air temperatures from
10°C to (50 to 120° F ý) over a velocity range of 0-900 metres per minute (0-3000
fpm).

E. Provide electronic controller calibrated and factory set for the maximum and
minimum scheduled air flow rates. Fit each controller with an external terminal
board on which all field connections are made. Label all terminals clearly.
Provide for field calibration and readjustment.

F. Provide electric actuators which shall exert positive force in both the opening and
closing directions ; spring return types will not be accepted. Include in each
actuator a built in limit to interrupt the current to the actuator at the constant
stroke limit in each direction. Each actuator shall be energized only when the
controller signals change in damper position.

G. Construct each damper of heavy gauge 18 gauge construction with double

opposed blades pivoted in self-lubricating bearings. Each blade shall seal with
less than 2% leakage at 75 mm (3 inches) WG + SP as rated by Air Diffusion
Council Test Code 1062 R4.
Butterfly type damper shall also be approved if the construction function and
reliability are of the highest standards.

H. Provide bearings that will not be affected by temperature, humidity and dust.

I. Linkage shall be positively keyed to shaft without slippage

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 J. Provide VAV with Integral Sound Attenuater where indicated and where required
to maintain specified noise levels.

K. For all floors provide double skin VAV(s) having 25mm thick intervening
insulation (K Value = 0.035 W/MK) with inner perforated sheet. 22 gauges
galvanized steel shall be used
L. Provide the actuator to produce at least 1.6 of the required torque of the valve.

CHILLED/HOT WATER PREINSULATED PIPING SYSTEM

PART 1- GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. SCOPE

1. Supply and install chilled water preinsulated piping systems complete in

accordance with requirements of contract documents. This section relates to
the supply and installation of chilled water preinsulated piping system for
the HVAC installations.

2. Applications for chilled water preinsulated piping system include the

following:

a. Under ground chilled/hot water preinsulated piping for chilled/hot

water with water temperature range from 40 to 200 Deg.F.

B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere

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 1. Refer to appropriate sections of the HVAC installation for insulation
required in connection with chilled water piping systems.

1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Acceptable manufacturers

Subject to compliance with requirement of the contract documents

acceptable manufacturers to be firms regularly engaged in manufacture of
piping products of type, material and sizes required, whose products have
been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than five (5) years,
and approved by the engineer.

PERMA PIPE - USA

JOHNS-MANVILLE - USA

B. Regulatory Requirements

1. ANSI Requirements: Comply with applicable American National Standards

pertaining to products and installation of chilled water preinsulated piping
systems.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data : Submit manufacturer’s data for chilled water piping systems,
materials and products.

B. Shop Drawings: Submit scaled layout drawings of installed chilled water pipe
and fittings including, but not necessarily limited to pipe sizes, locations,
elevations and slopes of horizontal runs, wall and floor penetrations and
connections. Show interface and spatial relationship between piping and
proximate equipment.

Also submit scaled layout section and detail drawings including all
electrical, HVAC, plumbing and fire fighting , gas, telephone,
computer cables…etc. at critical areas and as required by the
Engineer.

C. Prior approval by the Engineer is required for manufacturers not mentioned in

this specification. A sample and complete submittal indicating that the
alternate is incomplete compliance with this specification will be required.

PART 2
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 PRODUCTS

2.01 CHILLED/HOT WATER PIPING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

A. General: Provide piping materials and factory-fabricated piping

products of sizes, type, pressure ratings, and capacities as indicates,
where not included, provide proper selection to comply with
installation requirements. Provide materials and products complying
with ANSI/ASME B 31.1 Code (latest edition). Provide size and types
matching piping system. Each system manufacturer to determine stress
on the carrier pipe, and anticipated thermal movement of the service
pipe. Where possible supply straight sections exposed at each end for
field fabrication.

2.02 BASIC IDENTIFICATION

A. General : Provide identification complying with Basic Materials and

methods section “Mechanical Identification”, in accordance with the
following listing:

1. Chilled / Hot Water Piping: Plastic pipe makers

2. Chilled / Hot Water Valves : Plastic valve tags

2.03 BASIC PIPE, TUBE AND FITTINGS

A. General: Provide pipe, tube and fittings complying with Basic

Materials and Methods Section “Pipe , Tube and Fittings”.

1. Chilled/ Hot water piping

a. Pipe Size 50 mm92”) and smaller: Seamless black steel pipe

(i) Pipe Weight : Schedule 40

(ii) Fittings : Class 125 cast-iron threaded
(iii) Joints : Socket welded.

b. Pipe Sizes 63 mm (21/2”) and larger : In accordance with

ASTM A53 Grade B Style (ERW).

(i) Pipe Weight : Schedule 40

(ii) Fittings : Wrought-steel buttwelding
(iii) Joints : Butt –welded

2.04 BASIX PIPING SPECIALITIES

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 A. General : Provide piping specialities complying with Basic Materials and
Methods Section “Piping Specialities “, in accordance with the following
listing:

1. Pipe esutcheons
2. Pipelines strainers
3. Dielectric unions
4. Drip pans
5. Pipe sleeves
6. Sleeve seals

2.05 BASIC SUPPORT, ANCHORS AND SEALS

A. General : Provide supports anchors and seals complying with Basic Materials
and methods Section “Support, Anchors and Seals” and detail drawings.

B. Design factory fabricated end seals, gland seals and anchors to prevent the
ingress of moisture into the system.

2.06 BASIC VALVES

A. General : Provide valve complying with Basic Materials and Methods Section
“Valves”, in accordance with the following listing:

1. Sectional Valves

a. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Gate valves

b. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Ball valves
c. 63 mm (2 1/2”) and larger Gate valves
d. 63 mm (2-2 1/2”) and larger Butterfly valves

2. Shutoff valves

a. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Gate valves

b. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Ball valves
c. 63 mm (2-2 1/2”) and larger Gate valves

3. Drain Valves

a. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Gate valves

b. 50 mm (2”) and smaller Ball valves
c. 63 mm (2-2 1/2”) and larger Gate valves

4. Check Valves
a. All sizes : Swing check valve
2.07 BASIC EXPANSION COMPENSATION

A. General : Provide expansion compensation products complying with Basic

Material and Methods Section “Expansion Compensation”.

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2.08 INSULATION

Provide polyurethane foam carrier pipe insulation spray – applied nominal density (2
lb/cu.ft) for straight sections and performed polyurethane foam for all fittings. Foam
injection of insulating shall not be allowed. K value for insulation shall be 0.13 BTU .
inch/hr ft 2oF (max).

Provide insulation thickness as follows:

Pipe 1 1.5-3 4-6 8-14 16-20 24-30 36

Size Inch
mm 25 40-75 100-150 200-350 400-500 600-750 900
Insulat Inch 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4
ion mm 25 40 50 63 75 88 100
Thick

2.09 PROTECTIVE JACKET

All straight sections of the insulated piping system shall be jacketed in a filament –
wound, polyster resin / fiberglass reinforcement composite directly applied in the
insulating foam to the nominal thickness specified below.

Pipe size (inch) Min. jacket thickness (inch)

4”-6” 0.055
8”-20” 0.085
22”-36” 0.110

All fittings of the insulated piping system shall be prefabricated to minimize field
joints and jacketed in a chopped spray-up, polyster resin / fiberglass reinforcement
composite, directly applied onto the insulation foam to a thickness related to the
filament wound jacket thickness.

2.10 LEAK DETECTION & LOCATION SYSTEM

Preinsulated pipes shall be manufactured with leak detection cable. The required leak
detection and location system is an electronic monitoring system that shall
continuously monitors for the presence of moisture and can pinpoint the precise
location of leak, short or break within the system.

PART 3

EXECUTION

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3.01 INSTALLATION OF BASIC IDENTIFICATION

A. General : Install mechanical identification in accordance with Basic

Materials and Methods Section “Mechanical Identification”.

3.02 INSTALLATION OF REINSULATED CHILLED WATER DISTRIBUTION

PIPING

A. General : Provide factory-trained supervision for critical periods of

installation, i.e. unloading, field joint instruction and testing.

Coordinate with all other Bid Pack Contractors for proper routing of piping
and manhole installation.

B. After the internal pipe has been hydrostatically testing to 10.5 kg/sq.cm
(150 psi G) or 1 ½ times the operating pressure, whichever is greater, pour
insulation in place into the field weld area. Field insulation of fitting shall
not be acceptable.

C. Seal the field joint with wrapping of glass reinforcement fully saturated
with a catalyzed resin identical in properties to the factory applied resin.

D. After the jacket has hardened has been visually inspected, backfill the joint
area.

3.03 INSTALLATION OF PIPING SPECIALITIES

A. Install piping specialities in accordance with basic Materials and Methods

Section “ Piping Specialities”.

3.04 INSTALLATION OF SUPPORT, ANCHORS AND SEALS

A. Install supports, anchors and seals in accordance with Basic Materials and
Methods Section “Supports , Anchors and Seals”.

3.05 INSTALLATION OF VALVE

A. Install valves in accordance with the Basic Materials and Section “Valves”.
B. Shutoff Valves : Install inlet and outlet of the mechanical equipment room
and elsewhere as indicated.

3.06 INSTALLATION OF EXPANSION COMPENSATION PRODUCTS

A. Install expansion compensation products in accordance with Basic Materials

and Method Section “ Expansion Compensation”.

B. However, the contractor shall install all special expansion compensation

devices that are unique to hide proposed piping system and as
recommended by the manufacturer.
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 C. The contractor shall provide and install all require Expansion joints for safe
operation of pipes and equipments, whether such joints are shown or not in
contract documents.

3.07 BACKFILL

A. General : Clean and flush system, with clear water of all dirt, metal clips and
foreign material. After flushing remove, clean and replace all strainer basket or
screens. Inspect each run of each system for completion of joints, supports,
accessories items, obvious leaks.

3.08 CLEANING, FLUSHING AND INSPECTING

A. General : Clean and flush system, with clear water of all dirt, metal clips and
foreign materials. After flushing remove, clean and replace all strainer basket
or screens. Inspect each run of each system for completion of joints, supports,
accessories items, obvious leaks.

3.09 LEAK TESTING

A. General : Provide temporary equipment for testing, including pump and

gauges. Test piping system before insulation is installed, wherever feasible,
and remove control devices before testing. Subject entire chilled water piping
systems to leak tests, either as a whole, or in sections, but leave no part
untested.

B. Fill piping system with clear water, vent all air and pressurized at 150% of
operating pressure, (but not less than 150 psi) for 2 hours. Test fails if
leakage is observed, or pressure drop exceeds 5 % of the test pressure.

C. Notify the engineer at least 24 hours before performing the leak test.

D. Repair piping system which fail required piping test, by disassembly and
reinstallation , using new material to extend required to overcome the
leakage. Do not use chemicals , stop leak compounds , mastic, or other
temporary repair methods.

E. Drain test water from piping system after testing and repair work that has
been completed.

3.10 WARNING TAPE

Provide aluminium tapes above all buried pipes as directed and approve by the engineer.

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END OF SECTION

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