What is Fire Fighting system?

Firefighting system is a part of an MEP Engineering which is a combination of Machine, Medium, and manual
and automatic Equipment, which works together so that it attacks on fire quickly before it Damage.

Top causes of fire

Cooking equipment is the leading cause of home structure fires and home fire injuries. Smoking is the leading cause of
civilian home fire deaths. Heating equipment is the second most common cause of home fire fatalities.

In This Section

 Arson and intentional fires Most of these fires occur outside, but most of the associated deaths, injuries, and losses
occur in structures, particularly in homes.
 Cooking Includes general cooking safety info, as well as tips for microwaves, cooking oil and turkey fryers.
 Electrical Safety in the home with circuit interrupters
 Heating The peak months for home heating fires are December, January and February.
 Smoking Smoking materials (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc.) are the leading cause of fire deaths in the United States.
 Young fire setters Children playing with fire cause hundreds of deaths and injuries each year.

Definition - What Does Fire Hazards mean?

 Fire hazards include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot objects, and chemicals that
are potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to become large and uncontrolled. Fire
hazards also include all types of potential threats to fire prevention practices, firefighting, built-
in fire safety systems and situations that restrict the escape of people from an affected building
or area in the event of a fire.

Fire hazards pose threats to life and property. It is, therefore, the prime object of safety systems to
detect, remove or reduce the risk of fire threatened by those potential hazards.
The following fire hazards are common at home, in public places, transports and work places:

 All types of flames used for any work

 Electric wires, higher loads, loose connections and old electrical equipment
 All cooking and heat generating appliances
 All works and situations where fire is essential such as welding, cutting, metal casting etc.
 Improper stowage of tools, equipment and items during and at the end of the day’s work
 Smoking and personal lighters and matches
 Fireworks, pro techniques, ammunitions and explosives
 Improper and unauthorized stowage of flammable and hazardous materials and chemicals
especially the flammable ones
 Insufficient capacity and numbers of emergency exits and stairs
 Hindrance to sight or reach firefighting equipment, markings and alarm systems
 Insufficient numbers and types of fire extinguishers
 Absence of fire detection and alarm system
 Violation of building and fire codes

Types of Fire Fighting System.

1-Wet pipe systems.
By a wide margin, wet pipe sprinkler systems are installed more often than all other types of fire sprinkler systems.
They also are the most reliable, because they are simple, with the only operating components being the automatic
sprinklers and (commonly, but not always) the automatic alarm check valve. An automatic water supply provides
water under pressure to the system piping.

2-Dry pipe systems.

Dry pipe systems are the second most common sprinkler system type. Dry pipe systems are installed in spaces in
which the ambient temperature may be cold enough to freeze the water in a wet pipe system, rendering the system
inoperable. Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings, in parking garages, in outside canopies
attached to heated buildings (in which a wet pipe system would be provided), or in refrigerated coolers. In regions
using NFPA regulations, wet pipe systems cannot be installed unless the range of ambient temperatures remains
above 40 °F (4 °C).[17]
Water is not present in the piping until the system operates; instead, the piping is filled with air at a pressure below
the water supply pressure. To prevent the larger water supply pressure from prematurely forcing water into the
piping, the design of the dry pipe valve (a specialized type of check valve) results in a greater force on top of the
check valve clapper by the use of a larger valve clapper area exposed to the piping air pressure, as compared to the
higher water pressure but smaller clapper surface area.
When one or more of the automatic sprinkler heads is triggered, it opens allowing the air in the piping to vent from
that sprinkler. Each sprinkler operates independently, as its temperature rises above its triggering threshold. As the
air pressure in the piping drops, the pressure differential across the dry pipe valve changes, allowing water to enter
the piping system. Water flow from sprinklers, needed to control the fire, is delayed until the air is vented from the
sprinklers. In regions using NFPA 13 regulations, the time it takes water to reach the hydraulically remote sprinkler
from the time that sprinkler is activated is limited to a maximum of 60 seconds. In industry practice, this is known as
the "Maximum Time of Water Delivery". The maximum time of water delivery may be required to be reduced,
depending on the hazard classification of the area protected by the sprinkler system.[18]
Some property owners and building occupants may view dry pipe sprinklers as advantageous for protection
of valuable collections and other water sensitive areas. This perceived benefit is due to a fear that wet system piping
may slowly leak water without attracting notice, while dry pipe systems may not fail in this manner.
Disadvantages of using dry pipe fire sprinkler systems include:

 If the sprinklers share the same standpipe system as the standpipe system which supplies fire hoses, then the
water supply to the fire hoses would be severely reduced or even curtailed altogether.
 Increased complexity - Dry pipe systems require additional control equipment and air pressure supply
components which increases system complexity. This puts a premium on proper maintenance, as this increase
in system complexity results in an inherently less reliable overall system (i.e. more single failure points) as
compared to a wet pipe system.
 Higher installation and maintenance costs - The added complexity impacts the overall dry-pipe installation cost,
and increases maintenance expenditure primarily due to added service labor costs.
 Lower design flexibility - Regulatory requirements limit the maximum permitted size (i.e. 750 gallons) of
individual dry-pipe systems, unless additional components and design efforts are provided to limit the time from
sprinkler activation to water discharge to under one minute. These limitations may increase the number of
individual sprinkler zones (i.e. served from a single riser) that must be provided in the building, and impact the
ability of an owner to make system additions.
 Increased fire response time - Because the piping is empty at the time the sprinkler operates, there is an
inherent time delay in delivering water to the sprinklers which have operated while the water travels from the
riser to the sprinkler, partially filling the piping in the process. A maximum of 60 seconds is normally allowed by
regulatory requirements from the time a single sprinkler opens until water is discharged onto the fire. This delay
in fire suppression results in a larger fire prior to control, increasing property damage.
Dry pipe sprinkler system supply main with corrosion debris caused by oxidation

 Increased corrosion potential - Following operation or testing, dry-pipe sprinkler system piping is drained, but
residual water collects in piping low spots, and moisture is also retained in the atmosphere within the piping.
This moisture, coupled with the oxygen available in the compressed air in the piping, increases internal pipe
corrosion, eventually leading to pin-hole leaks or other piping failures. The internal corrosion rate in wet pipe
systems (in which the piping is constantly full of water) is much lower, as the amount of oxygen available for the
corrosion process is lower.[19] Corrosion can be combated by using copper or stainless steel pipe which is less
susceptible to corrosion, or by using dry nitrogen gas to pressurize the system, rather than air. Nitrogen
generators can be used as a permanent source of nitrogen gas, which is beneficial because dry pipe sprinkler
systems require an uninterrupted supply of supervisory gas. These additional precautions can increase the up-
front cost of the system, but will help prevent system failure, increased maintenance costs, and premature need
for system replacement in the future.

4-Pre-action systems.
Pre-action sprinkler systems are specialized for use in locations where accidental activation is undesired, such as
in museums with rare art works, manuscripts, or books; and Data Centers, for protection of computer equipment
from accidental water discharge.
Pre-action systems are hybrids of wet, dry, and deluge systems, depending on the exact system goal. There are two
main sub-types of pre-action systems: single interlock, and double interlock.
The operation of single interlock systems are similar to dry systems except that these systems require that a
“preceding” fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector, takes place prior to the “action”
of water introduction into the system’s piping by opening the pre-action valve, which is a mechanically latched valve
(i.e. similar to a deluge valve). In this way, the system is essentially converted from a dry system into a wet system.
The intent is to reduce the undesirable time delay of water delivery to sprinklers that is inherent in dry systems. Prior
to fire detection, if the sprinkler operates, or the piping system develops a leak, loss of air pressure in the piping will
activate a trouble alarm. In this case, the pre-action valve will not open due to loss of supervisory pressure, and
water will not enter the piping.
The operation of double interlock systems are similar to deluge systems except that automatic sprinklers are used.
These systems require that both a “preceding” fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke
detector, and an automatic sprinkler operation take place prior to the “action” of water introduction into the system’s
piping. Activation of either the fire detectors alone, or sprinklers alone, without the concurrent operation of the other,
will not allow water to enter the piping. Because water does not enter the piping until a sprinkler operates, double
interlock systems are considered as dry systems in terms of water delivery times, and similarly require a larger
design area.

3-Deluge systems.
"Deluge" systems are systems in which all sprinklers connected to the water piping system are open, in that the heat
sensing operating element is removed, or specifically designed as such. These systems are used for special
hazards where rapid fire spread is a concern, as they provide a simultaneous application of water over the entire
hazard. They are sometimes installed in personnel egress paths or building openings to slow travel of fire (e.g.
openings in a fire-rated wall).
Water is not present in the piping until the system operates. Because the sprinkler orifices are open, the piping is at
atmospheric pressure. To prevent the water supply pressure from forcing water into the piping, a "deluge valve" is
used in the water supply connection, which is a mechanically latched valve. It is a non-resetting valve, and stays
open once tripped.
Because the heat sensing elements present in the automatic sprinklers have been removed (resulting in open
sprinklers), the deluge valve must be opened as signaled by a fire alarm system. The type of fire alarm initiating
device is selected mainly based on the hazard (e.g.pilot sprinklers, smoke detectors, heat detectors, or optical flame
detectors). The initiation device signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open.
Activation can also be manual, depending on the system goals. Manual activation is usually via an electric or
pneumatic fire alarm pull station, which signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open.
Operation - Activation of a fire alarm initiating device, or a manual pull station, signals the fire alarm panel, which in
turn signals the deluge valve to open, allowing water to enter the piping system. Water flows from all sprinklers
simultaneously.

Deluge Fire Sprinkler System.

A deluge fire sprinkler system is similar to a pre-action system except the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is
not pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a water supply through a deluge valve that is opened by
the operation of a smoke or heat detection system. The detection system is installed in the same area as the
sprinklers. When the detection system is activated water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads in the system.
Deluge systems are used in places that are considered high hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft hangars
and chemical storage or processing facilities. Deluge systems are needed where high velocity suppression is
necessary to prevent fire spread.
Deluge Fire Sprinkler Systems differ from conventional Fire Sprinkler Systems in the sense that all nozzles
employed in the system are open and when water is released into the system it flows from all discharge devices. As
such, this special type of system is generally found within industrial type hazards that require the application of
water over a large hazard or area. The control of water is accomplished by the use of a Deluge Valve which is a
device that prevents water from entering the system piping until required. A detection system which may incorporate
the use of heat, smoke, or flame detectors is used to open the Deluge Valve when a fire or its products of
combustion are detected. All system piping is filled with water which discharges from the open sprinklers and
nozzles used in the system. In addition to the application of water some deluge systems will incorporate the use of a
foam concentrate to mix with water and form a foam solution which can then provide a protective blanket of foam to
help control the development of a fire.
Deluge Fire Sprinkler systems protect extra hazard occupancies that require significant amounts of water to cool
and control the growth or development of a fire. Typically, they are employed on hazards that contain low flash point
flammable liquids or hazards with large amounts of combustible liquids. These types of hazards may include, oil
extraction processes, transformers, tank or vessel protection, distillation processes. Water or Foam Deluge systems
are used in the protection of large Aircraft Hangers as one primary means of fire protection.

What is a Deluge Valve?

Deluge Valves are used in conditions that require for quick application of large volumes of water and, for that reason,
are often integral components in fire protection systems.

Deluge systems deliver large quantities of water, over a large area, in a relatively short period of time. They are
commonly used in fixed fire protection systems whose pipe system is empty until the deluge valve distributes
pressurized water from open nozzles or sprinklers.
Deluge Valve used for fast application of water in a spray system. Deluge valve protects areas such as power transformer
installation, storage tank, conveyor protection and other industrial application etc. With the addition of foaming agent,
they do protect aircraft hangar and inflammable liquid fires also

Deluge Valve Operation.

Deluge valve is a quick release, hydraulically operated diaphragm valve. It has three chambers, inlet chamber, outlet
chamber (main chamber) & Priming chamber, isolated from each other by the diaphragm operated clapper and seat
seal. While in ‘SET’ position, water pressure is transmitted through an external bypass check valve and restriction orifice
from the system supply side to the top chamber (priming Chamber), so that supply pressure in the top chamber (priming
Chamber) acts across the diaphragm operated clapper which holds the seat against the inlet supply pressure because of
differential pressure design.

The pressure is trapped in the priming chamber & holds the clapper on the seat due to the differential area. When the
pressure is released from priming chamber faster than it is supplied through the restricted priming chamber line, the
clapper move & allow the inlet water supply to flow through the outlet into the system and associated alarm device.

Activation of deluge system by presence of Solenoid valve.

The emergency release valve and solenoid valve are connected one end with the priming water pressure and other end
connected to the drain at open atmosphere.
The yellow color represents the atmosperic pressure and blue color represents high pressure water. On detection of fire
by temperature/smoke sensor system (FAS) the priming Chamber depressurized through the Solenoid valve or
Emergency release valve by releasing primary pressurized water to drain, Solenoid valve can be operated from the push
button in the control room. Emergency release valve can be operated by manually to activate the Deluge system.
Another method to activate the deluge system by presence of Dry pilot actuator

In Dry pilot actuator one side yellow color represents high pressurized air, orange color represents atmospheric air
pressure and other side is connected with pressurized water. The dry pilot actuator is connected with priming loop from
one side and drain to the another side. In case of sensing elements senses high temperature, the pressure on the top of
dry pilot actuator is released opening the path to the drain therefore the priming pressure release.

In case of fire the Quartzoid Bulb sprinkler shall burst at rated temperature due to heat which allow water in the
detection pipe to drain out and in process allow the Deluge valve to open fully.

As soon as the Deluge valve opens the water shall flow through the piping to flow water to all water spray nozzles
mounted on the piping around the transformer. The water shall be sprayed in Hollow conical spray pattern to cover
entire area of the transformer so that the fire on the transformer shall cool due to emulsification as well as fire get
extinguish due to cutting off oxygen due to coverage pattern of the nozzle
During the activation of deluge system, it is necessary to ensure not to fill the priming chamber with water pressure it
will close the deluge valve so here comes the role of the pressure operated relief valve PORV. It is present in the priming
loop which continuously drain the pressure when system in operatio

What is a Deluge Valve?

Deluge Valves are used in conditions that require for quick application of large volumes of water and, for that reason,
are often integral components in fire protection systems.

Deluge systems deliver large quantities of water, over a large area, in a relatively short period of time. They are
commonly used in fixed fire protection systems whose pipe system is empty until the deluge valve distributes
pressurized water from open nozzles or sprinklers.

Deluge Valve used for fast application of water in a spray system. Deluge valve protects areas such as power transformer
installation, storage tank, conveyor protection and other industrial application etc. With the addition of foaming agent,
they do protect aircraft hangar and inflammable liquid fires also.

Types of Deluge Valves

a) Basic Valve
The basic trim or type is required on deluge valve regardless of the release system. It contain those components which
are required in all types of installation, such as the main drain valve, priming connection, drip check valve, emergency
release valve and pressure gauges.

b) DRY PILOT TRIM (PNEUMATIC RELEASE) TYPE

Dry pilot operation uses a pilot line of closed Sprinklers/QB detectors containing air under pressure, located in the area
to be protected. It requires regulated dry air supply with main supply point through restricted orifice. The pilot line is
connected directly to the top of POSITIVE DRAIN ACTU
ATOR (PDA). The bottom of PDA is connected to the top chamber of the deluge valve.

When the air pressure drops, due to release of any of the release devices on detection of fire, the diaphragm of PDA is
lifted and allows the water to drain. This reduces the water pressure in the top chamber of the deluge valve and when
the pressure in the top chamber reaches 50% of the supply pressure, the deluge valve opens. The direct drain of PDA
starts when the top chamber pressure of deluge valve reaches approximately 0.5 Kg/sq.cm. This positive drain will not
permit the deluge valve to close unless the PDA is set manually.

c) WET PILOT TRIM (HYDRAULIC RELEASE) TYPE

Wet pilot operation uses a pilot line of closed sprinklers containing pressurized water, supplied through the upstream
side of the deluge valve, through a restricted orifice. All the release lines are connected to a common release line. Due
to release of any one of the release devices, the water pressure in the top chamber of the deluge valve reaches 50% of
the supply pressure, the deluge valve opens.

d) ELECTRIC RELEASE TRIM TYPE

To actuate a deluge valve electrically, a solenoid valve is provided to drain the water from the top chamber of the deluge
valve. A pressure switch is provided to activate an electric alarm, to shut down the desired equipment or to give
“Tripped” indication to the panel. In addition to this two no’s of pressure switches can be used to monitor “Low air
pressure” and “Fire condition” when used in dry pilot airline.

e) TEST AND ALARM TRIM WITH SPRINKLER ALARM TYPE

This trim is supplied with the sprinkler alarm bell, which bells on actuation of the deluge valve. A test valve is provided to
test the normal operation of the sprinkler alarm bell.

Advantages and disadvantages of Deluge Valves.

Advantages
 Entire Transformer is flooded with water, which extinguish fire at earliest as well as avoid
further destruction.
 Very quick in response.
 The fire losses is kept low as the area near fire get cooling due to water and so chances of
spreading fire is negligible.
 Less expensive than other methods
Disadvantages
 Can damage sensitive or electronic equipment
 Longer clean-up time than powder and gas systems
 Requires a large water reservoir to operation.

5-Foam water sprinkler systems.

A foam water fire sprinkler system is a special application system, discharging a mixture of water and low
expansion foam concentrate, resulting in a foam spray from the sprinkler. These systems are usually used with
special hazards occupancies associated with high challenge fires, such as flammable liquids, and airport hangars.
Operation is as described above, depending on the system type into which the foam is injected.

6-Water spray.
"Water spray" systems are operationally identical to a deluge system, but the piping and discharge nozzle spray
patterns are designed to protect a uniquely configured hazard, usually being three-dimensional components or
equipment (i.e. as opposed to a deluge system, which is designed to cover the horizontal floor area of a room). The
nozzles used may not be listed fire sprinklers, and are usually selected for a specific spray pattern to conform to the
three-dimensional nature of the hazard (e.g. typical spray patterns being oval, fan, full circle, narrow jet). Examples
of hazards protected by water spray systems are electrical transformers containing oil for cooling or turbo-generator
bearings. Water spray systems can also be used externally on the surfaces of tanks containing flammable liquids or
gases (such as hydrogen). Here the water spray is intended to cool the tank and its contents to prevent tank
rupture/explosion (BLEVE) and fire spread.

7-Water mist systems.

Water mist systems are used for special applications in which it is decided that creating a heat absorbent vapor is
the primary objective. This type of system is typically used where water damage may be a concern, or where water
supplies are limited. NFPA 750[20] defines water mist as a water spray with a droplet size of "less than 1000 microns
at the minimum operation pressure of the discharge nozzle." The droplet size can be controlled by the adjusting
discharge pressure through a nozzle of a fixed orifice size. By creating a mist, an equal volume of water will create a
larger total surface area exposed to the fire. The larger total surface area better facilitates the transfer of heat, thus
allowing more water droplets to turn to steam more quickly. A water mist, which absorbs more heat than water per
unit time, due to exposed surface area, will more effectively cool the room, thus reducing the temperature of the
flame.
Operation - Water mist systems can operate with the same functionality as deluge, wet pipe, dry pipe, or pre-action
systems. The difference is that a water mist system uses a compressed gas as an atomizing medium, which is
pumped through the sprinkler pipe. Instead of compressed gas, some systems use a high-pressure pump to
pressurize the water so it atomizes as it exits the sprinkler nozzle.[21] Systems can be applied using local application
method or total flooding method, similar to Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems.

Fire suppression system

Fire suppression systems are used to extinguish or prevent the spread of fire in a building or vehicle. Suppression
systems use a combination of dry chemicals and/or wet agents to suppress equipment fires.

Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires without human intervention. Examples of
automatic systems include fire sprinkler system, gaseous fire suppression, and condensed aerosol fire suppression.
When fires are extinguished in the early stages loss of life is minimal since 93% of all fire-related deaths occur once
the fire has progressed beyond the early stages.

Types of automatic systems[edit]

Today there are numerous types of Automatic Fire Suppression Systems and standards for each one.[3] Systems are
as diverse as the many applications.[4][5] In general, however, Automatic Fire Suppression Systems fall into two
categories: engineered and pre-engineered systems.[6]

 Engineered Fire Suppression Systems are design specific and most commonly used for larger installations
where the system is designed for a particular application. Examples include large marine and land vehicle
applications, server rooms, public and private buildings, industrial paint lines, dip tanks and electrical switch
rooms. Engineered systems use a number of gaseous or solid agents with many of them being specifically
formulated. Some are even stored as a liquid and discharged as a gas.
 Pre-Engineered Fire Suppression Systems use pre-designed elements to eliminate the need for engineering
work beyond the original product design. Typical industrial solutions use a wet or dry chemical agent, such
as potassium carbonate or monoammonium phosphate (MAP), to protect relatively smaller spaces such as
distribution boards, battery rooms, engine bays, wind turbines, hazardous goods and other storage areas. A
number of residential designs have also emerged that typically employ water mist and target retrofit
applications.
Hood kitchen Fire suppression system
According to the National Restaurant Association, 57% of all restaurant fires originate from cooking equipment.
This means that preventing restaurant kitchen fires can be as simple as installing a kitchen hood suppression
system. Grease fires pose a special risk to industrial kitchens because they spread when well-meaning people
douse them with water. To protect your restaurant and its occupants, you’ll want to invest in a kitchen fire
suppression system. In this blog post, you will learn how these suppression systems work so you can be prepared in
the event of a restaurant fire emergency.
What buildings benefit from kitchen fire suppression systems?
While fire suppression systems are common in restaurants, they can also be installed in apartment buildings or even
student housing. Many commercial building owners feel that investing in kitchen fire suppression systems is less
expensive than repairing fire and smoke damage.
Where is the kitchen fire suppression system installed?
Kitchen fire suppression systems can be designed to protect a wide variety of kitchen appliances, such as stoves or
deep fat fryers. The nozzles for the fire suppression system are installed in the kitchen hood exhaust. That way, the
wet chemicals will be discharged directly over the source of the fire.
How does a kitchen hood suppression system work?
A fire needs three things to thrive: oxygen, heat, and fuel. Once the system detects a fire, the nozzles above the
appliance will discharge wet chemicals. These wet chemicals are engineered to quickly put out fires by covering the
flames and starving them of oxygen. As soon as the system trips, the gas line to the appliance will also be
immediately cut off, depriving the fire of fuel.
This two-pronged approach quickly puts out a kitchen fire without affecting other cooking stations. This means that
you don’t lose all of the food being prepared in your kitchen, just the food that was burned in the fire. Since fires
produce a lot of smoke, the hood automatically turns on to remove the smoke from your kitchen. Kitchen hood
suppression systems respond automatically to fires, which minimizes loss.
Are fire suppression systems just for kitchens?
Fire suppression systems can discharge different chemicals for different applications. For example, a different
chemical will be used for grease fires than for oil or electrical fires. Be sure to hire a fire protection contractor who’s
familiar with the type of system needed for your application.
What are the benefits of kitchen fire suppression systems?
It’s much less expensive to prevent kitchen fires than to repair structural damage after a fire. For this reason, many
business owners appreciate the security that comes from installing a fire suppression system. Not only are you able
to protect your building’s occupants, but you are also restricting fire damage to an in dividual cooking surface.
Sprinkler glass bulbs with different operating temperatures

Sprinkler systems are intended to either control the fire or to suppress the fire. Control mode sprinklers are intended
to control the heat release rate of the fire to prevent building structure collapse, and pre-wet the surrounding
combustibles to prevent fire spread. The fire is not extinguished until the burning combustibles are exhausted or
manual extinguishment is effected by firefighters. Suppression mode sprinklers (formerly known as Early
Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinklers) are intended to result in a severe sudden reduction of the heat
release rate of the fire, followed quickly by complete extinguishment, prior to manual intervention.
Most sprinkler systems installed today are designed using an area and density approach. First the building use and
building contents are analyzed to determine the level of fire hazard. Usually buildings are classified as light hazard,
ordinary hazard group 1, ordinary hazard group 2, extra hazard group 1, or extra hazard group 2. After determining
the hazard classification, a design area and density can be determined by referencing tables in the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) standards. The design area is a theoretical area of the building representing the
worst case area where a fire could burn. The design density is a measurement of how much water per square foot
of floor area should be applied to the design area.
For example, in an office building classified as light hazard, a typical design area would be 1,500 square feet
(140 m2) and the design density would be 0.1 US gallons per minute (0.38 l/min) per 1 square foot (0.093 m2) or a
minimum of 150 US gallons per minute (570 l/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot (140 m2) design area. Another
example would be a manufacturing facility classified as ordinary hazard group 2 where a typical design area would
be 1,500 square feet (140 m2) and the design density would be 0.2 US gallons per minute (0.76 l/min) per 1 square
foot (0.093 m2) or a minimum of 300 US gallons per minute (1,100 l/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot
(140 m2) design area.
After the design area and density have been determined, calculations are performed to prove that the system can
deliver the required amount of water over the required design area. These calculations account for all of the
pressure that is lost or gained between the water supply source and the sprinklers that would operate in the design
area. This includes pressure losses due to friction inside the piping and losses or gains due to elevation differences
between the source and the discharging sprinklers. Sometimes momentum pressure from water velocity inside the
piping is also calculated. Typically these calculations are performed using computer software but before the advent
of computer systems these sometimes complicated calculations were performed by hand. This skill of calculating
sprinkler systems by hand is still required training for a sprinkler system design technologist who seeks senior level
certification from engineering certification organizations such as the National Institute for Certification in Engineering
Technologies (NICET).
Sprinkler systems in residential structures are becoming more common as the cost of such systems becomes more
practical and the benefits become more obvious. Residential sprinkler systems usually fall under a residential
classification separate from the commercial classifications mentioned above. A commercial sprinkler system is
designed to protect the structure and the occupants from a fire. Most residential sprinkler systems are primarily
designed to suppress a fire in such a way to allow for the safe escape of the building occupants. While these
systems will often also protect the structure from major fire damage, this is a secondary consideration. In residential
structures sprinklers are often omitted from closets, bathrooms, balconies, garages and attics because a fire in
these areas would not usually impact the occupant's escape route.
If water damage or water volume is of particular concern, a technique called Water Mist Fire Suppression may be an
alternative. This technology has been under development for over 50 years. It hasn't entered general use, but is
gaining some acceptance on ships and in a few residential applications. Mist suppression systems work by using
the heat of the fire to 'flash' the water mist cloud to steam. This then smothers the fire. As such, mist systems tend to
be highly effective where there is likely to be a free-burning hot fire. Where there is insufficient heat (as in a deep
seated fire such as will be found in stored paper) no steam will be generated and the mist system will not extinguish
the fire. Some tests have shown that the volume of water needed to extinguish a fire with such a system installed
can be dramatically less than with a conventional sprinkler system.[22]

General Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire fighting systems and equipment vary depending on the age, size, use and type of building construction. A building may
contain some or all of the following features:

 fire extinguishers
 fire hose reels
 fire hydrant systems
 automatic sprinkler systems.

Fire extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are provided for a 'first attack' fire fighting measure, generally undertaken by the occupants of the building
before the fire service arrives. It is important that occupants are familiar with which extinguisher type to use on which fire.

Most fires start as a small fire and may be extinguished if the correct type and amount of extinguishing agent is applied whilst
the fire is small and controllable.

The principle fire extinguisher types currently available include:

Extinguishing Agent Principle Use

Water wood and paper fires - not electrical
Foam flammable liquid fires - not electrical
Carbon dioxide electrical fires
Dry Chemical –ABC flammable liquids and electrical fires
Wet chemical--- K-Type fat fires - not electrical
Special Purpose various (eg metal fires)

Fire extinguisher locations must be clearly identified. Extinguishers are colour coded according to the extinguishing agent.

It is the policy of the Community Safety and Resilience Department that fire extinguishers be logically grouped at exits from the
building, so that occupants first go to the exit and then return to fight the fire, knowing that a safe exit lies behind them, away
from the fire. In some instances this will be at odds with the prescriptive requirements of Australian Standard AS2444 Portable
fire extinguishers and fire blankets - Selection and location, which simply specifies a distance of travel to a fire extinguisher
rather than their location in relation to escape paths. Blind compliance with the standard has the potential to place the fire
between the occupant and the safe escape path.
FM200 system
1. FM-200 Storage Components – Storage components consist of the cylinder assembly(s), which contains
the FM-200 chemical agent, and the cylinder bracket(s), which holds the cylinder assembly securely in
place.
2. FM-200 Distribution Components – Distribution components consist of the discharge nozzles used to
introduce the FM-200 into a protected hazard along with the associated piping system used to connect
the nozzles to the cylinder assembly.
3. Trim Components – Trim components complete the installation of the FM-200 system and consist of
connection fittings, pressure gauge, low-pressure supervisory switch, electric valve actuator, and
manual valve actuator.
4. Slave Arrangement Components – Slave arrangement components consist of the pneumatic valve
actuator(s), actuation check valve, vent check, actuation hose, and fittings required for a multiple
cylinder (slave) arrangement.
5. Supplemental Components – Supplemental components include the discharge pressure switch and
manifold check valve. They supplement the core equipment or complete a specific multi-cylinder
configuration.
6. Control Panel – This device monitors the condition of the electric actuator, detectors, warning devices,
cylinder pressure, and any manual release and abort stations. All electric or electronic devices must
connect to the control panel in order to function.
7. Early Warning Detection and Alarm Devices – Early warning detection devices coupled with manual
release and abort stations maximize system efficiency while audible and visual alarm devices alert staff
of alarm conditions.

Working principle of FM 200 system.

Each room have 2 or more zoon each zoon has one smoke/heat detector, the system will not start until both
zoon detect the fire controller starts the count down 1 to 30 second or 1 to 10 second it depends up on
application after 30 second actuator injects the cylinder and FM200 gas releases though nozzle/sprinkler by
pipes. System can also be operated by manually by pulling/pushing manual release station due to this under
3 second system ejects the FM200 gases & alarm starts.
Sometime due presence of dust inside room initiate the detector and bell starts ringing system will not start
until both zoon detects at the same time, if there is no fire but both zoon detectors are on and system start
count down at that time we have abort switch which helps to stop the system or increase the count down
time.
FM 200 controller diagram layout.
As per above diagram
1. IDC: There are four IDC (Initial device circuit) that are connected with MCP and detectors (smoke or
heat).
2. SPM: There are two SPM (Special purpose monitor input) through this controller gets directly
activate the FM200 (by Manual Release station) and if FM200 is already active then through this it
aborts (by Abort switch).
3. RAC: There are two RAC (Releasing appliance circuit) that are connected to Maintenance
disconnect switch, through this FM200 System disconnect .
4. NAC: There are two NAC (Notification appliance circuit) that are connected to sounder/bell.

Chemical Properties of FM-200

FM-200® (HFC-227ea) is formed from the elements carbon, fluorine and hydrogen (CF3CHFCF3 -
heptafluoropropane). The primary extinguishing mechanism of FM-200 is heat absorption, with a secondary
chemical contribution from the thermal decomposition of FM-200 in the flame.

FM-200 leaves no residue and is safe for use in occupied spaces.

Most common metals, such as aluminum, brass, steel, cast iron, lead, stainless steel, and copper, as well as
rubber, plastic, and electronic components, are unaffected when exposed to FM-200

Safety Considerations
Although the EPA Significant New Alternative Program (SNAP) lists FM-200 as acceptable for occupied
spaces, NFPA Standard 2001 and SNAP list the following guidelines for human exposure:
The discharge of FM-200 into a hazard may reduce visibility for a brief period. FM-200 may cause frostbite if
liquid discharge or escaping vapor contacts the skin.
When FM-200 is exposed to temperatures greater than 1300°F (700°C), the by-product Hydrogen Fluoride
(HF) will be formed. FM-200 systems are designed to discharge in 10 seconds or less in order to minimize the
amount of HF formed.
The FM-200 Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) should be read and understood prior to
working with the agent.
A cylinder containing FM-200 should be handled carefully. The anti-recoil safety device must be in place at all
times when the cylinder is not connected to the discharge piping and restrained.

FIRE FIGHTING PIPES

Firefighting pipe is a type of normal carbon steel pipe used to convey fire suppression agent such as water or gas.
Usually it is red in color. But light-wall pipes have a galvanized exterior of a silvery appearance. Installation of red
steel pipe is limited to wet pipe sprinkler systems only. Installation of galvanized pipe is allowed in wet and dry pipe
sprinkler systems (including pre action pipe sprinkler systems).

Pipes are usually produced by two distinct methods which result in either a welded pipe or a seamless
pipe. In both methods, raw material is first cast into ingots. It is then made into a pipe by stretching the
steel out into a seamless tube or forcing the edges together and sealing them with a weld.
ASTM Means: American Society for Testing and Materials. Founded in 1898 as the American Section of the
International Association for Testing Materials,

All pipes Should be UL listed/ FM approved & approved by QCD Certified.

Type of Firefighting Pipes:

1. GI pipes, have two type ERW & Seamless.

GI Pipes. Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes are manufactured using mild steel strips of Low Carbon Steel
Coils. ... The GI Pipes are generally used for distribution of treated or raw water in rural or urban areas.
These pipes are cheaper, light weight and easy to handle they are Easley threaded/Grooved and
used in Firefighting system.

ASTM A53 GI ERW Sch40 Grade-B 5.8 Mtr

ASTM A53 GI Seamless Sch40 Grade-B 5.8 Mtr

2. MS pipes, have two type ERW & Seamless.

MS Pipes are made from mild steel they can easily be welded and formed in various shapes and sizes for
pipelining and tubing purposes. These are generally used for drinking water supply i.e. Plumbing, Firefighting,
HVAC but can also be used in various other Industrial and Engineering applications

ASTM A53 MS ERW Sch40 Grade-B, Type S 5.8 Mtr

ASTM A53 MS Seamless Sch40 Grade-B, Type S 5.8 Mtr

 3. Stainless pipes, have two type ERW & Seamless.

Stainless steel is a versatile material comprised of a steel alloy and a small percentage of
chromium—the addition of chromium adds to the material’s corrosion resistance, a
trait that earned stainless steel its name. Because stainless steel is also low-
maintenance, oxidation resistant, and doesn’t affect other metals it comes in contact
with, it is frequently used in a large array of applications, especially in piping and
tubing manufacturing. Based on the end use of the pipe, stainless steel piping is broken
down into several categories.

1) Stainless Steel Tubing for General Corrosion-Resistance

2) Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe
3) Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing
4) Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
5) Stainless Steel Aircraft Tubing
6) Aircraft Hydraulic-Line Tubing

4. HDPE pipes

HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used for fluid and gas transfer and is often used to replace ageing
concrete or steel mains pipelines. Made from the thermoplastic HDPE, its high level of impermeability and
strong molecular bond make it suitable for high pressure pipelines.
1.ERW Pipes Definition. ERW pipes means Electric Resistance Welded Pipe. API 5L ERW
pipes are used in various engineering purposes, fencing, scaffolding, line pipes etc. ERW pipes are
available in various qualities, wall thicknesses, and diameters of the finished pipes

Welded Pipe and Tube

Welded pipe is manufactured by rolling metal sheet and then welding it longitudinally across its length.
The welded pipe manufacturing process begins with the rolling of a steel coil to the desired gauge
thickness to form a flat strip. The flat strip is cut to the width that corresponds with the size of the pipe to
be produced. The pipe is formed by moving the cut coil through a series of rollers, and the seam of the
tube is then welded in a chemically neutral environment. In a welded pipe, the seam or the weld-joint is
the weaker part of the pipe limiting the strength of the pipe to the strength of the weld-joint.

2: Seamless Pipe and Tube

Seamless pipe, as the name suggests, is a pipe without a seam or a weld-joint. Seamless Steel Pipe is
made from a solid round steel which is heated and pushed or pulled over a form until the steel is shaped
into a hollow pipe. The hollow pipe is then extruded through a die and mandrel combination to reduce
the outside diameter and to expand the inside diameter.

Manufacturing way:

Difference between Seamless and Welded Pipes and Tubes

  Seamless pipes don’t have a weld seam. Traditionally, the seam of welded pipes has been viewed
as a weak spot, vulnerable to failure and corrosion. However, improvements in the
manufacturing process for welded pipes have increased the strength and performance of the
weld seam. Still seamless pipes prevent any possibility of a weak seam. In general, welded steel
pipes can withhold 20% less working pressure than seamless ones.
 Seamless pipes has higher working pressures compared to welded pipes of the same material
and size due to having no welded seam.
 Seamless pipes offers superior corrosion resistance because it has little potential for impurities,
defects and differences in malleability that may be associated with the welded area in welded
pipe.
 Seamless pipes do not require testing for weld integrity. This is a must for welded pipes.
 Seamless pipes harden as they are manufactured, so heat treatment after manufacturing is not
required. Most welded pipes require heat treatment after manufacturing.
 The cost of welded pipes is less expensive than seamless pipes and is readily available in long
continuous lengths.
 Seamless pipes can be substituted for welded pipe but welded pipes may not always be able to
be substituted for seamless pipe due to the weld seam.
 The wall thickness of welded pipes is generally more consistent than that of seamless pipes. Its
easier to get a uniform thick flat strip and produce a welded pipe than drawing a uniformly thick
seamless pipe through extrusion. Also welded pipes surface finish quality is much better than
seamless pipes.
 Longer procurement lead time is required for seamless pipes as compared to welded pipes

Firefighting pipes:

 Certificate: UL listed/ FM approved

 Standard: ASTM A135/ A795/ A53 (seamless & ERW), Grade B
 Outer diameter: NPS 1/2″ to NPS 12″
 Wall thickness: Sch40
 End connection: grooved/ threaded/ plain end
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa), 300PSI (2.07MPa)
PIPE MACHINES
TPMC also supplies diverse pipe machines for assisting set up fire protection pipeline easily, such as roll grooving
machine, drill hole machine, pipe cutting machine, pipe threading machine.

Roll grooving machine

 Certificate: ISO
 Capacity: NPS 1″ to 6″ steel pipe/ NPS 2″ to 12″ steel pipe
 Pipe wall thickness: Max SCH40
 Single phase: 220V/ 240V, 50/ 60HZ
 Three phases: 380V/ 415V/ 440V, 50/ 60HZ

Drill hole machine

 Certificate: ISO
 Capacity: NPS 1″ to NPS 4″ steel pipe
 Pipe wall thickness: Max 10mm
 Single phase: 220V/ 240V, 50/ 60HZ
 Three phases: 380V/ 415V/ 440V, 50/ 60HZ

Pipe threading machine

 Certificate: ISO
 Capacity: NPS 1/2″ to NPS 4″ steel pipe
 Pipe wall thickness: Max SCH10
 Type: NPT/ BSPT
 Single phase: 220V/ 240V, 50/ 60HZ
 Three phases: 380V/ 415V/ 440V, 50/ 60HZ

Pipe cutting machine

 Certificate: ISO
  Capacity: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″ steel pipe
 Pipe wall thickness: Max 10mm
 Single phase: 220V/ 240V, 50/ 60HZ
 Three phases: 380V/ 415V/ 440V, 50/ 60HZ

ALARM CHECK VALVE

Alarm Check Valve is core element in wet pipe fire sprinkler systems. It serves a dual purpose which prevents a
reverse flow of water (non-return), also provides for the use of the water motor gong. Meanwhile, in the event of
variable pressure condition, false alarm is prevented with provision of retard chamber at the external bypass.
An alarm check valve is basically a check valve with an alarm port. The main purpose of the alarm
check valve is to ring a mechanical bell called a water motor gong. The valve should, (if properly
maintained), help hold the system pressure steady and reduce the possibility of false alarms. Under
normal circumstances, the clapper of the valve is closed, blocking the alarm port, maintaining the
system pressure, and preventing the sprinkler system water from leaking back into the city supply.
When a sprinkler opens due to fire, or there is a large surge in the city pressure, the clapper of the
valve opens. The alarm port is now exposed to the incoming water supply. When the pressure at the
PS10 reaches 6psi, the pressure switch trips.

These systems can use a vane type flow switch with a retard or they can use a pressure type flow
switch. The pressure type flow switch would be installed on the alarm port, in line with a water motor
gong if one is being used. The pressure switch must be installed on top of a retard chamber to
prevent false alarms due to water surges.

Retard chambers are metal containers that fill with water when there is a surge in city pressure. They
absorb the pressure increase thereby allowing the pressure switch to only operate in an actual alarm
condition.

Alarm check valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 193
 Size: NPS 3″/ NPS 4″/ NPS 6″/ NPS 8″
 Connection: flanged/ grooved
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa) to 300PSI (2.07MPa)
 Model No.: V01

Alarm pressure switch

  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Connection: 1/2″ NPT
 Weight: 0.54 Kg
 Adjustment pressure rage: Max 4PSI to 20PSI
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa)
 Model No.: V02

Water motor gong

 Certificate: FM Approved
 Type: hydraulically operated alarm
 Connection: inlet with 3/4″ NPT, outlet with 1″ NPT
 Weight: 5 kg
 Surface: Epoxy red powder coating
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa)
 Model No.: V03

Deluge Valves
Deluge Valves are used in conditions that call for quick application of large volumes of water and, for that reason, are often
integral components in fire protection systems. In this article, PIF explain how deluge valves work, what their advantages and
disadvantages are, and where you can lay your hands on one.
What are Deluge Valves?

Applications for Deluge Valves

Deluge systems are used in conditions that require quick application of large volumes of water. They create a ‘buffer zone’ in
hazardous areas or in areas where fires can spread rapidly. They can also be used to cool surfaces to prevent deformation or
structural collapse. Or to protect tanks, transformers, or process lines from explosion.
Other examples include: tanks containing combustible solutions; equipment pits; storage or process areas containing substances
with a low flash point; or product handling systems.

BUTTERFLY VALVE
Butterfly valve is a kind of quarter-turn valve, and it is fully open or closed when the disc is rotated a quarter turn to
isolate or regulate the flow, with quick shut off. Butterfly valve is generally favored because it costs less than other
valve design, and it needs less support because of lighter weight.

TPMC supplies butterfly valve in UL listed/ FM approved:

Full lug butterfly valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 1091
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Full lug
 Surface: fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V04

Wafer butterfly valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 1091
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Wafer
 Surface: fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V05

Grooved butterfly valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 1091
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
  Connection: Grooved
 Surface: fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V06

GATE VALVE
Gate valve is bi-directional isolating valves, and it opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate out of the path of
water flow. When fully open, gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in very low friction loss. The
actuator of gate valve connects either a rising steam (outside screw and yoke, OS&Y) or a non-rising stem (NRS),
so to form different type.

gate valve in UL listed/ FM approved:

1. OS&Y: Outside Screw and York.

2. NRS: Non Rising Stem.

Flanged OS&Y gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 24″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V07
Grooved OS&Y gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V08

Flanged + Grooved OS&Y gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flanged + Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V09

OS&Y gate valve with supervisory switch

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 24″
 Connection: Flanged + Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V10

Supervisory Switch
 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Size: for OS&Y gate valve NPS 2″ to NPS 24″
 Weight: 0.73 Kg
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Model No.: V11

Flanged NRS gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 24″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V12

Grooved NRS gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Grooved
 Coating: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V13

Flanged + Grooved NRS gate valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flanged + Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V14

Flanged NRS gate valve with post flange

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 4″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flanged
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V15

Grooved NRS gate valve with post flange

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 262
 Size: NPS 4″ to NPS 12″
  Connection: Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V16

Vertical indicator post

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 789
 Size: NPS 4″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flanged
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V17

CHECK VALVE
Check valve, also known as non-return valve, one-way valve, is used to allow water to flow through it in only one
direction, and it works automatically without any external control. The disc swings off the seat to permit forward flow,
or swing on the seat to block reverse flow. It typically applies for the fire pipelines between water main and private
fire service systems, or at the fire pumper connections.

TPMC supplies check valve in UL listed/ FM approved:

Flanged swing check valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 312
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V18

Grooved swing check valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 312
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V19

Double Door Wafer Check Valve

  Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 312
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Wafer type
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V20

STRAINER
Strainer is designed to separate debris from flow to provide economical protection for pumps and valves in fire
pipeline. It is usually installed at inlet side of valves and furnished with strainer screen, drain connection and pipe
plug. The strainer screen is used to remove foreign matter, as well as drain connection and pipe plug make it easy
for cleaning work and maintenance.

TPMC supplies both Y strainer and basket strainer in UL listed:

Flanged Y strainer

 Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: UL Subject 321
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V21

Grooved Y strainer

 Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: UL Subject 321
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V22

Flanged basket strainer

  Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: UL Subject 321
 Size: NPS 3″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16
 Model No.: V23

BRASS BALL VALVE

Ball valve is a kind of quarter-turn valve, and it uses a hollow and pivoting ball to control flow. It is open when the
ball’s hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degree by the valve handle. Brass ball valve is
small and simple, which is used for controlling branches fire pipeline.

TPMC supplies brass ball valve in UL listed/ FM approved:

Brass ball valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: NFS/ ANSI 61, NSF/ ANSI 372
 Size: 1/2″ to 2″
 Type: full port
 Connection: Female NPT
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.4MPa)
 Model No.: V24

ZONE CONTROL VALVE

Zone control valve is a combined unit of signal butterfly valve, water flow indicator, pressure gauge and test
& drain valve assembled on fire pipeline. It separates the fire area into small distribution zone for indication and
control. Because of fire sprinkler head or test valve activation, the indicator detects water flow and transmit signal to
control system for action. After fire suppression, butterfly valve gets signal and closes to shut down the water flow of
the designated zone for recovering the system, or for routine maintenance.

TPMC supplies zone control valve unit in UL listed/ FM approved.

Signal butterfly valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 1091
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Full lug/ wafer type/ grooved
 Surface: fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa)
 Model No.: V25

Butterfly valve

Water flow indicator

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 346
 Type: vane type
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 8″
 Flow sensitivity range: 4-10 GPM for signal
 Maximum surge: 18 FPS (5.5m/s)
 Model No.: V26

Test and drain valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL Subject 258
 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 2″
 Connection: Threaded/ grooved
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa)
 Model No.: V27

Pressure gauge
  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: UL 393
 Connection: 1/4″ NPT
 Dial diameter: 3.5″ (90mm)
 Full scale value: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
 Working pressure: Max 225PSI (1.55MPa)
 Model No.: V28

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

Pressure reducing valve is designed to reduce a higher inlet pressure to a steady lower outlet pressure, so to
maintain the desired pressure in fire pipeline. It is a kind of globe style pilot operated valve to open or close
automatically, and no need change flow rate or vary inlet pressure.

TPMC supplies pressure reducing valve in UL listed/ FM approved.

Flanged pressure reducing valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 1468
 Size: 1-1/2″ to 10″
 Connection: Flange
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Class 150 Working pressure: Max 250PSI
 Class 300 Working pressure: Max 400PSI
 Model No.: V29

Grooved pressure reducing valve

  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 1468
 Size: 1-1/2″ to 8″
 Connection: Grooved
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: Max 300PSI
 Model No.: V30

FIRE HYDRANT
Fire hydrant is connected to the water main for allowing firefighters to quickly access a local water supply.
Firefighters usually use a special wrench to remove the valve cover to open it, and then water flows through the
hydrant into hose. Wet hydrant (wet barrel hydrant) is used in warm climate with water in the barrel always. Dry
hydrant (dry barrel hydrant) is used in cold region with air in the barrel if no usage, so to protect the hydrant from
freezing.

TPMC supplies wet fire hydrant in ISO certified and dry fire hydrant in UL listed/ FM approved/ LPCB approved.

Wet fire hydrant

 Certificate: ISO
 Standard: EN 14384
 Base inlet: Flange as EN1092-2, DN100, PN16
 Hose outlet: 2 x BS336
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.73MPa)

Dry fire hydrant UL & FM approved

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: UL 246
 Base-Valve size: 5-1/4″
 Inlet: Flange as ASME B16.5, 6″, class 150
 Hose outlet: 2 x 2.5″ NH
 Pumper outlet: 4.5″ NH
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.73MPa)
 Dry fire hydrant LPCB approved

 Certificate: LPCB Approved

 Standard: EN 14384:2005
 Inlet: Flange as EN1092-2, DN100/ DN150, PN16
 Hose outlet: 2 X2.5″ BSP (65mm), 2 X BS336
 Pumper outlet: 4″ BSP
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.73MPa)

FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION (FDC)

Fire department connection (FDC), also known as the Siamese connection or breeching inlet, is intended to boost
pressure on the buildings’ fire sprinkler system by connecting hose to the pumper. Because municipal water
pressure can be as low as 60 PSI, and water lose about 5 pounds of pressure per floor. So, supplemental water
support from FDC helps sprinklers put out a better spray. It also provides water to firefighters in an effort
extinguishing a fire on a high floor to avoid running hose up all the stairs.

TPMC supplies fire department connection in BSI/ Kite mark/ LPCB Approved.

4 Ways breeching inlet

 Certificate: BSI/ Kite mark/ LPCB Approved

 Standard: BS 5041-3
 Inlet: 4 x BS336
 Outlet: Flange as BS EN 1092-2, DN150, PN16
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: 290PSI (2.0MPa)

2 Ways breeching inlet

 Certificate: BSI/ Kite mark/ LPCB Approved

 Standard: BS 5041-3
 Inlet: 2 x BS336
 Outlet: Flange as BS EN 1092-2, DN100, PN16
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: 290PSI (2.0MPa)

Straightway FDC

 Certificate: UL listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 405
 Type: single clapper, Siamese straight back
 Inlet: 2 x 2.5″ NST (NH), female
 Outlet: 4″ NPT, female
 Surface: Rough brass
  Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

90 Degree FDC

 Certificate: UL listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 405
 Type: single clapper, Siamese 90-degree bottom
 Inlet: 2 x 2.5″ NST (NH), female
 Outlet: 4″ NPT, female
 Surface: Rough brass
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

BRITISH FIRE HOSE ASSEMBLY

Conforming to BS standard, British fire hose assembly is composed by landing valve, fire hose, hose
coupling and nozzle. It is usually set indoor at each floor of buildings to provide an immediate way of controlling
and suppressing incipient fire by one person. Oblique landing valve with flange inlet is installed on wet risers to get
water supply, and it conveys water through fire hose to nozzle. Lay flat fire hose and nozzle is connected by
instantaneous hose coupling with handle for operator holding to extinguish the fire.

TPMC supplies British fire hose assembly in BSI approved.

British fire hose assembly

Landing valve
 Certificate: BSI/ Kite mark/ LPCB Approved
Inlet Size: DN50/ DN65
 Certificate: FM Approved
Inlet Size: DN65
 Standard: BS 5041-1
 Inlet: Flange as BS 4504-2: 1974, PN16
 Outlet: 1 x BS336
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.72MPa)

Lay flat fire hose

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: BS 6391, ANSI/ UL 219
 Size: DN65
 Connection: coupling on both sides
 Color: White/ red
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.72MPa)

Hose coupling
  Certificate: BSI/ TUV
 Standard: BS336
 Size: DN65
 Material: Aluminum alloy as BS1490

Jet/ Spray branch pipe nozzle

 Certificate: BSI/ TUV/ LPCB Approved

 Standard: BS336
 Material: Aluminum alloy as BS1490
 Control: Ball valve

AMERICAN HOSE RACK ASSEMBLY

Conforming to US standard, American hose rack assembly contains below 6 parts: angle hose valve, rack
hose, pin rack, rack nipple, hose coupling and nozzle. It is usually set indoor at each floor of buildings to provide
an immediate way of controlling and suppressing incipient fire by one person. The semi-automatic swinging rack
with movable pins features an automatic release mechanism, to keep water out of the hose and for easy operation.

TPMC supplies American hose rack assembly in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

American hose rack assembly

Angle hose valve

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 668
 Size: 1.5″/ 2.5″
 Inlet: Female NPT
 Outlet: Female NPT/ Male NST (NH)
 Material: Brass
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Rack hose (Fire hose)

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 219, NFPA1961
 Size: 1.5″/ 2.5″
 Connection: coupling on both sides
 Color: White/ red
 Working pressure: 250PSI (1.72MPa)

Pin rack (Fire hose rack)

 Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: UL 47/ NFPA 14
 Connection: for 1-1/2″ angle valve and for 2-1/2″ angle valve
 Capacity: up to 30 meters (100 feet) rack hose
 Hose size: 1.5″/ 2.5″
 Material: Steel, with Red enameled

Rack nipple (Hose rack mounting nipple)

 Standard: NFPA 1963

 Size: 1.5″ and 2.5″
 Valve inlet: NPT Thread
 Hose outlet: NH Thread
 Material: Brass
 Working pressure: 232PSI (1.6MPa)

Hose coupling
  Certificate: FM Approved
 Standard: NFPA 1963
 Size: 1.5″ NH and 2.5″ NH
 Type lug: Rocker lug
 Material: Brass

Jet/ Spray nozzle

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 401, NFPA1964
 Hose inlet: 1.5″ NH and 2.5″ NH
 Material: Brass

FIRE HOSE REEL

Fire hose reel is designed as BS standard to provide a steady and quick water supply to combat a potential Class A
fire risk. It is wall mounted in buildings with cabinet protection. Semi-rigid hose is coiled around the disc, and hose
end is connected to nozzle for operator to control the direction and flow rate. An inline valve or external valve is
furnished to control water from wet risers to hose. Fixed type fire hose reel only rotates in one plane. But for
swinging fire hose reel, it can also move along the swing arm.

TPMC supplies fire hose reel in LPCB approved.

Swinging type fire hose reel

  Certificate: LPCB Approved
 Standard: BS EN671-1
 Hose size: 19mm/ 25mm
 Hose nozzle: jet/ spray type shut-off nozzle
 Working pressure: 12bar (1.2MPa)

Fixed type fire hose reel

 Certificate: LPCB Approved

 Standard: BS EN671-1
 Hose size: 19mm/ 25mm
 Hose nozzle: jet/ spray type shut-off nozzle
 Working pressure: 12bar (1.2MPa)

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguisher is the most common fire protection device by one or two persons’ easy and quick operation in
emergency situations. Portable fire extinguisher consists a hand-held pressure vessel which contains the
extinguishing agent to extinguish or control small fires. If large quantities of extinguishing agent are needed due to
high fire danger, mobile fire extinguisher is an excellent complement.

TPMC supplies fire extinguisher in LPCB/ BSI Approved.

Fire extinguisher
Powder extinguisher

 Certificate: LPCB/ BS EN3 Approved

 Agent: ABC dry powder
 Fire rating: Class A, B, C and electrical fires
 Capacity: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12kg
 Operation temperature: -30°C to 60°C
 Working pressure: 15bar (1.5MPa)

Foam fire extinguisher

 Certificate: LPCB/ BS EN3 Approved

 Agent: AFFF foam
 Fire rating: Class A solid fire and Class B liquid fire
 Capacity: 6L/ 9L
 Operation temperature: 5°C to 60°C
 Working pressure: 12bar (1.2MPa)

CO2 extinguisher

 Certificate: LPCB/ BS EN3 Approved

 Agent: Carbon dioxide
 Fire rating: Class B liquid fire
 Capacity: 2, 5, 25kg
 Operation temperature: -30°C to 60°C
 Working pressure: 180bar (18MPa)

Water fire extinguisher

 Certificate: LPCB/ BS EN3 Approved

 Agent: Pure water
 Fire rating: Class A solid fire
 Capacity: 6L/ 9L
  Operation temperature: 5°C to 60°C
 Working pressure: 12bar (1.2MPa)

FIRE CABINET
Fire cabinet is designed for theft and vandalism protection in public areas and buildings to safely store fire
equipment such as fire hose rack assembly, fire hose reel and fire extinguisher. It is a steel box mounted at any
place for firefighting convenience, with simple installation, light weight and small occupation. Fire cabinets also help
to protect the equipment inside from dirt and rubbish.

TPMC supplies fire cabinet in ISO Approved.

Fire cabinet

Fire hose rack cabinet

 Certificate: ISO
 Type: wall mounted/ recessed or semi-recessed mounted/ Self-stand
 Door style: single door, open 180-degree
 Standard Capacity: fire hose rack assembly 1.5″ x 30m/2.5″ x 30m
 Accessories: handle, lock and key, bolt and nut
 Surface: red paint coating/ white baked enamel finish

Fire hose reel cabinet

 Certificate: ISO
 Type: wall mounted/ recessed or semi-recessed mounted
 Door style: single door, open 180-degree
 Standard Capacity: fire hose reel 19mm x 30m/ 25mm x 30m
 Accessories: handle, lock and key, bolt and nut, an emergency opening device
 Surface: red paint coating/ white baked enamel finish

Fire extinguisher cabinet

 Certificate: ISO
 Type: wall mounted/ recessed or semi-recessed mounted
 Door style: single door, open 180-degree
 Standard Capacity: 2 x 2kg fire extinguishers
 Accessories: handle, lock and key, bolt and nut
 Surface: red paint coating/ white baked enamel finish

Combined fire hydrant cabinet

 Certificate: ISO
  Type: wall mounted/ recessed or semi-recessed mounted/ self-stand
 Door style: double doors, vertical and horizontal direction
 Standard Capacity: fire hose rack assembly+ fire extinguisher/ Fire hose reel +fire extinguisher
 Accessories: handle, lock and key, bolt and nut
 Surface: red paint coating

UL/ FM FIRE PUMP

Fire pump is a part of fire sprinkler system’s water supply. When the pressure in sprinkler system risers and hose
standpipes drops below a threshold, fire pump starts and provides water flow at a higher pressure. Fire pumps are
powered by an electric motor or a diesel engine including below main types: horizontal split case fire pump, end
suction fire pump, vertical in-line fire pump, and vertical turbine fire pump. They are centrifugal pumps with high
efficiency at transferring liquids over a wide range of flow and pressure.

A Jockey pump is a small multistage centrifugal pump which is connected to a branch fire pipeline to maintain
system pressure to a high level.

Fire pump in UL Listed / FM Approved and Jockey pump in CE approved.

Fire pump

Horizontal split case fire pumps

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Design: NFPA 20
 Diesel drive: Clarke engine, UL listed and FM approved
 Motor drive: WEG motor, UL Listed
 Controller: Firetrol controller, UL listed and FM approved
 Flow: 500 to 5000 US GPM
 Pressure: 40 to 422 PSI

End suction fire pump

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Design: NFPA 20
 Diesel drive: Clarke engine, UL listed and FM approved
 Motor drive: WEG motor, UL Listed
 Controller: Firetrol controller, UL listed and FM approved
 Flow: 500 to 750 US GPM
 Pressure: 40 to 151 PSI

Vertical in-line fire pump

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Design: NFPA 20
 Diesel drive: Clarke engine, UL listed and FM approved
 Motor drive: WEG motor, UL Listed
 Controller: Firetrol controller, UL listed and FM approved
 Flow: 150 to 1000 US GPM
 Pressure: 40 to 150 PSI

Vertical turbine fire pump

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

  Design: NFPA 20
 Diesel drive: Clarke engine, UL listed and FM approved
 Motor drive: WEG motor, UL Listed
 Controller: Firetrol controller, UL listed and FM approved
 Flow: 500 to 5000 US GPM
 Pressure: 43 to 403 PSI

Jockey pump

 Certificate: CE
 Drive: Electrical motor
 Controller: Firetrol controller, UL listed and FM approved
 Flow: 5 to 300 US GPM
 Pressure: 43 to 403 PSI

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

Pressure relief valve (PRV) is designed to open and close automatically at a pre-set pressure to relieve excess
pressure to protect fire pump. When fire pump starts and the set pressure is exceeded, the pressure relief valve
opens and a portion of the water is diverted through the auxiliary route. So that the pressure inside the pipeline
stops rising. Once it reaches the valve’s reseating pressure, the valve then closes. When firefighting demand slows
or ceases, it diverts entire pump output to discharge, allowing fire pump to be stopped without causing surging.

TPMC supplies pressure relief valve in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Pressure relief valve

Pressure relief valve

  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 1478
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 10″
 Connection: Flange class150/ class300
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: 250PSI/ 400PSI

FIRE PUMP FLOWMETER

Fire pump flow meter is quickly installed on the discharge side of the fire pump to simple but precise testing of
pump performance.

TPMC supplies fire pump flow meter in FM Approved.

Fire pump flow meter

Fire pump flow meter

  Certificate: FM Approved
 Size: NPS 3″ to NPS 8″
 Connection: Wafer flange/ Groove
 Temperature range: 0°C to 90°C
 Surface: Polyester coated carbon steel body
 Working pressure: 290PSI (2.0MPa)

RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT

Rubber expansion joint, also known as compensator, is a flexible connector furnished by rubber bellow and
swiveling steel flange. It is designed to allow for compression, extension and angular movement of pipe system.
Also, it reduces noise and absorbs reaction force generated by vibration or pressure pulsation of fire pump
operation.

TPMC supplies rubber expansion joint in CE approved.

Rubber expansion joint

Rubber expansion joint

 Certificate: CE Certificate
 Size: NPS 1-1/4″ to NPS 24″
 Connection: Flange to BS EN1092-1
 Temperature range: -10°C to 115°C
 Working pressure: PN10/ PN16

FOOT VALVE
Foot valve likes a combination of a check valve and a strainer: the check valve prevents backflow and the strainer
prevents debris from entering the piping system. Foot valve is designed to be installed on the suction side of a
pump. And the designed flow area of foot valve is larger than the actual piping size to assure less head loss.

TPMC supplies foot valve in ISO approved.

Foot valve
 Foot valve

 Certificate: ISO
 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″
 Connection: Flange to BS EN 1092-2, PN16
 Temperature range: -10℃ to 110℃
 Surface: AWWA C550 Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: PN16

AIR RELEASE VALVE

Air Release Valves are designed to continuously vent entrained air at the top of the pump casing thereby improving
efficiency and preventing fire pump cavitation. Air release valve has a float to sense the presence of air. As air
enters the valve it displaces the water, allowing the float to drop. Then the air is released to the atmosphere through
a small orifice. As the air is vented it is replaced by water, raising the float and closing the orifice.

TPMC supplies air release valve in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Air release valve

Air release valve

  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: UL 2573
 Size: NPS 1/2″, NPS 3/4″ and NPS 1″
 Connection: NPT Thread
 Surface: Fusion bonded epoxy coating
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.21MPa)

Fire Sprinkler Head Location And Coverage

At Kauffman Co., we believe that an intelligently designed sprinkler system is the single most
important thing you can have in your building to keep it safe from fires at all times. And the most
important aspect of fire sprinkler installation is making sure your sprinkler heads are located in the
proper places to provide the best coverage.
SPRINKLER HEAD LOCATION AND COVERAGE
There are two main criteria for determining the location of sprinkler heads:
 Because fire sprinklers are heat activated, sprinkler heads must be located high up on or near the ceiling.
 Sprinkler heads must be unobstructed to provide maximum flow to the areas that need it. This means they cannot be
blocked by beams, trusses, soffits, or any other elements of your building’s construction.
When properly installed, most sprinkler heads will have an 8’ coverage radius. This is one of many
determining factors in how the sprinkler heads must be spaced.
 SPRINKLER HEAD DISTANCE AND SPACING REQUIREMENTS
The NFPA lays out specific spacing requirements for sprinkler heads. These requirements are based
on hazard level as well as pump flow calculations and may need to be adjusted based on any
obstructions that may be present in the area of the sprinkler head.
Maximum Allowed
Coverage (in sq ft) per
Hazard Level Distance Between
Sprinkler Head
Sprinkler Heads

Light Hazard (areas with low

concentrations of flammable 130-200 sq ft per head 15 ft
materials)

Ordinary Hazard 1 & 2 (areas with

moderate concentrations of 130 sq ft per head 15 ft
flammable materials)

Extra Hazard 1 & 2 (areas with a 90-130 sq ft per head (based

high concentration of flammable on obstructions and flow 12 ft
materials) calculations)

Other sprinkler head spacing requirements include:

 Distance from walls: half the distance between sprinkler heads (i.e. 15’ between sprinkler heads, 7.5’ from walls)
 Minimum distance between sprinkler heads: usually 6’
 Distance from ceilings: minimum 1”, maximum 12”.*
* Most sprinkler heads will be installed 1″ from the ceiling. Concealed, recessed, or flush-mounted
sprinkler heads may be listed for shorter distances.
EXTENDED COVERAGE SPRINKLER HEADS
If your building needs more protection than you can get with a standard coverage fire sprinkler, or
if heads cannot be installed to meet normal spacing requirements, you may need to install extended
coverage sprinkler heads. These sprinkler heads have an increased radius of approximately 10 ft
and can be spaces about 20 ft apart..

PENDENT SPRINKLER
A glass bulb type fire sprinkler is positioned at the end of pipeline to individually spray water to extinguish or
suppress the fire, when sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to break.
A pendant sprinkler protrudes and hangs down from the ceiling. It comes with a water deflector at the bottom, so
water coming out of the orifice shoots downward and then spreads in a circular pattern. Pendant sprinkle is widely
used in office or home buildings.

TPMC provides pendant sprinkler in UL Listed / FM Approved.

Pendant sprinkler

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 199
 Thread: 1/2″ and 3/4″
 Response: Standard response/ fast response
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.2Mpa)

UPRIGHT SPRINKLER
A glass bulb type fire sprinkler is positioned at the end of pipeline to individually spray water to extinguish or
suppress the fire, when sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to break.

An upright sprinkler is installed at the top of pipeline. It comes with an upper water deflector, so water coming out
of the orifice shoots upward and then spreads in a circular pattern. Upright sprinkler is suited for areas that are
difficult to access, like around beams, ducts, and buildings with exposed ceilings.

TPMC provides upright sprinkler in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Upright sprinkler
  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 199
 Thread: 1/2″ and 3/4″
 Response: Standard response/ fast response
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.2Mpa)

HORIZONTAL SIDEWALL SPRINKLER

A glass bulb type fire sprinkler is positioned at the end of pipeline to individually spray water to extinguish or
suppress the fire, when sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to break.

Horizontal sidewall sprinkler is installed on the wall along or under a beam and basically have only half of a
deflector, so water coming out of the orifice shoots horizontally and then spreads in a half circle shape. Horizontal
sidewall sprinkler is designed to protect small rooms, hallways, and others where sprinkler pipes are running up
walls but not in the ceiling.

TPMC provides horizontal sidewall sprinkler in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Horizontal sidewall sprinkle

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 199
 Thread: 1/2″ and 3/4″
  Response: Standard response/ fast response
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.2Mpa

CONCEALED SPRINKLER
Concealed sprinkle is somewhat like pendent sprinkler hidden by a cover plate. Cover plate is connected to copper
frame by temperature-responsive solder, to provide a smooth appearance and aesthetical benefit. It also keeps
most of dust, dirt, and debris away from the fire sprinkler itself.

TPMC provides concealed sprinkler in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Concealed sprinkler

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 199
 Thread: 1/2″
 Response: Standard response/ fast response
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.2Mpa)

ESFR SPRINKLER
ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) sprinkler is designed to completely extinguish the fire by releasing
large volumes of water with quick response. This increased water flow penetrates the fire plume and attacks the
fire’s fuel source to reduce the heat release rate. ESFR sprinklers are mainly used to protect warehouses with a
variety of high-piled storage, including palletized storage, bin box, or rack storage.

TPMC provides ESFR sprinkler in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

ESFR sprinkler
  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 199
 Thread: 3/4″ and 1″
 Temperature ratings: 74°C (165°F)/ 100°C (212°F)
 Working pressure: 175PSI (1.2Mpa)

FLEXIBLE SPRINKLER HOSE

Flexible sprinkler hose, also known as flexible sprinkler connection or flexible sprinkler drop, is used in suspended
ceiling application for connection between fire sprinkler and branch pipeline. It comes with an inlet nipple, a
corrugated hose connected to the sprinkler head, and ceiling bracket assembly that holds the sprinkler drop system
to the ceiling grid.

TPMC provides flexible sprinkler hose in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Flexible sprinkler hose

Flexible sprinkler hose

  Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved
 Application: for commercial suspended ceilings, standard bracket assembly
 Hose size: DN25
 Connection: DN25 x DN15 / DN25 x DN20, NPT or BSPT
 Length range: 700-1800mm
 Working pressure: 200PSI (1.38MPa)

FIRE SPRINKLER TOOLS

TPMC also supplies divers fire sprinkler tools for aesthetical purpose such as escutcheon (beauty ring, trim ring,
cup), or for easy installation such as fire sprinkler cabinet and sprinkler wrenches.

TPMC provides fire sprinkler tools in UL Listed/ FM Approved.

Sprinkler escutcheon (trim ring)

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Application: decorative trim around the fire sprinkler
 Size: for DN15/ DN20
 Type: flat one piece/ recessed two pieces
 Surface: chrome finish/ white painting

Sprinkler guard

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Application: encase the fire sprinkler from damage
 Size: for DN15/ DN20
 Material: carbon steel
 Surface: red painting/ chrome finish

Sprinkler cabinet

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Application: accommodate sprinkler head and sprinkler wrench for storage
 Size: for 6pcs to 24pcs sprinkler heads assembly
 Material: carbon steel and EPDM O-rings
 Surface: red painting/ zinc coating
Sprinkler wrenches

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Application: special design tools for fire sprinkler installation
 Suitable Size: for DN15 / DN20 water sprinkler and concealed sprinkler
 Material: alloy steel
Landing Valve type:
Type of pump JOCKY P
 Pipe support schedule
Max distance of
Max spacing
supports to a sprinkler
items pipe size Between sports Type
1 25mm 3.65Mtr 0.9Mtr
2 32mm 3.65Mtr 1.2Mtr
3 40mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr
4 50mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr pipe
5 65mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr hanger
6 75mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr
7 100mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr
8 150mm 4.5Mtr 1.5Mtr
FITTINGS:
1. Grooved Fittings- Made of Ductile Iron
2. Threaded Fittings- Made of GI (Galvanized Iron) & MI
3. Welded Fittings-Made of Seamless Steel

GROOVED FITTINGS
Grooved fittings are used for connecting Standpipe to control, distribute, or support pipeline in different sizes
or directions. By groove connection, project time is saved a lot with fast installation and easy maintenance,

Grooved fitting:

1. UL listed/ FM approved

2. ASTM A

3. Used in BS 1387 Pipes

› Grooved 90° elbow / grooved 45° elbow / grooved 22.5° elbow

› Grooved equal tee / grooved unequal tee / grooved unequal tee with thread
› Grooved true Y / grooved equal cross
› Grooved reducer / grooved reducer with thread
› Grooved cap / cap with concentric hole

Grooved 90° elbow

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (3.45MPa)

Grooved 45° elbow

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved 22.5° elbow

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved equal tee

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved unequal tee

 Size: NPS 2″ x 1″ to NPS 12″ x 10″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved unequal tee with thread

 Size: NPS 2″ x 1″ to NPS 8″ x 4″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved true Y

 Size: NPS 3″ and NPS 4″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved equal cross

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved reducer

 Size: NPS 1-1/4″ x 1″ to NPS 12″ x 10″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved reducer with thread

  Size: NPS 1-1/4″ x 1″ to NPS 8″ x 4″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Grooved cap

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Cap with concentric hole

 Size: NPS 2″ x 1″ to NPS 8″ x 1″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

GROOVED COUPLING
Ductile iron grooved coupling includes 3 parts: housing, gasket, and track head bolts & nuts. The housing
engages the grooves of standpipe ends, and the gasket encompassed by the housing forms a sealed chamber, with
bolts and nuts tightened. So, a leak-tight structure of a self-restrained pipe joint is created.

TPMC supplies grooved coupling in UL listed/ FM approved.

Flexible grooved coupling

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Rigid grooved coupling

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Heavy-duty flexible grooved coupling

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 500PSI (3.45MPa)

Heavy-duty rigid grooved coupling

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 500PSI (3.45MPa)

Reducing flexible grooved coupling

 Size: NPS 2″ x 1 1/2″ to NPS 8″ x 6″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 500PSI (3.45MPa)

Angle Holder

 Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Quick coupling
  Size: NPS 1″ to NPS 12″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

MECHANICAL TEE AND CROSS

Mechanical tee and cross provide additional outlets in existing pipeline, by connecting the pre-set hole at the main
pipe surface, so to get one or two branches pipeline.

TPMC supplies both mechanical tee and mechanical cross in UL listed/ FM approved.

Mechanical tee with grooved outlet

 Size: NPS 2″ x 1-1/4″ to NPS 10″ x 4″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Mechanical tee with threaded outlet

 Size: NPS 1″ x 1/2″ to NPS 10″ x 4″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

U-bolted mechanical tee with threaded outlet

 Size: NPS 1″ x 1/2″ to NPS 2 1/2″ x 1″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Mechanical cross with grooved outlet

  Size: NPS 2-1/2″ x 1-1/4″ to NPS 10″ x 4″
 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Mechanical cross with threaded outlet

 Size: NPS 2-1/2″ x 3/4″ to NPS 10″ x 4″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS

Malleable iron fittings are cast by white iron. Through the annealing heat treatment, the brittle structure as first
cast is transformed into the malleable form, so to get its name. They come in black and galvanized finishes, applying
for fire protection service in accordance with the NFPA 13, 14.
Malleable iron fittings:

1. UL listed/ FM approved:

2. Thread: NPT/BSPT.

› Malleable iron 90° elbow / malleable iron 90° reducing elbow / malleable iron 45° elbow
› Malleable iron equal tee / malleable iron unequal tee
› Malleable iron equal cross / malleable iron unequal cross
› Malleable iron reducer / malleable iron coupling
› Malleable iron union / malleable iron hexagon nipple / Malleable iron bushing
› Malleable iron flange/ malleable iron cap / malleable iron plain plug

Malleable iron 90° elbow

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
Malleable iron 90° Reducing elbow

 Size: NPS 1/2″ x 3/8″ to NPS 4 “x 3”

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron 45° elbow

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron equal tee

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron unequal tee

 Size: NPS 1/4″ x 1/8″ to NPS 6″ x 4″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron equal cross

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 4″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
Malleable iron unequal cross

 Size: NPS 3/4″ x 1/2″ to NPS 4″ x 3″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron reducer

 Size: NPS 1/4″ x 1/8″ to NPS 6″ x 4″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
 Model No.: M08
Malleable iron coupling

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron union

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron hexagon nipple

 Size: NPS 1/4″ to NPS 4″
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron bushing

 Size: NPS 1/8″ x 1/4″ to NPS 4 “x 3”

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron Flange

 Size: NPS 1-1/4″ to NPS 6 “

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Malleable iron cap

 Size: NPS 1/8″ to NPS 6″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
 Malleable iron plain plug

 Size: NPS 1/4″ to NPS 4″

 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

BUTT WELD STEEL FITTINGS (Seamless- Carbon Steel)

Butt weld steel fittings offer various advantages over other fittings. Butt weld causes less material usage, which
means lower material cost and lower weight. Also it permits greater freedom in designing the layout, less space, but
greater strength.

Meanwhile, butt weld fittings provide optimum flow characteristics, without pockets or sharp corners, and lessen
frictional resistance and pressure loss.

Butt weld fittings are used wherever liquid, gas, chemical and other fluid are created, processed, transported,
especially in large size piping system. Such as Oil and gas industries, Shipbuilding, Power plants, etc.

We provide butt weld fitting as standard:

ASMT A234 WPB

90° Steel elbow

 Size: 1/2″-20″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80
 Type: Long radius(R=1.5D) / Short radius(R=1D)

45° Steel elbow

 Size: 1/2″-20″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80

 Type: Long radius(R=1.5D) / Short radius(R=1D)

180° Steel elbow

 Size: 1/2″-20″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80

 Type: Long radius(R=1.5D) / Short radius(R=1D)

Steel tee Reducing

  Size: 1/2″x1/2″x1/4″-20″x20″x8″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80
 Type: Equal/ Reducing

Steel reducer

 Size: 3/4″x3/8″-20″x12″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80

 Type: Concentric/ Eccentric

Steel cap

 Size: 1/2″-20″, with THS Sch10 / Sch40 / Sch80

 Type: Concentric/ Eccentric

PIPE FLANGE
Pipe flange is a way of joining pipe, valve and pump together by grooved, welded, or screwed type. It provides an
easy access for installation, cleaning and modification of the leak tight structure.
Pipe flange is used for connecting pipeline of conveying gas, water and petroleum, which is applied for shipbuilding,
civil building, power plant, mining, etc.

We provide pipe flange as standard:

Ductile iron grooved flange

 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)

Ductile iron flange adaptor

 Size: NPS 2″ to NPS 12″

 Surface: Red painting/ Hot dip galvanized
 Working pressure: 300PSI (2.07MPa)
Plate flange

 Material: Carbon steel

 Size: 1/2″-20″
 Surface: oiled/ galvanized

Slip on flange

 Material: Carbon steel

 Size: 1/2″-20″
 Surface: oiled/ galvanized

Welding neck flange

  Material: Carbon steel
 Size: 1/2″-20″

Blind flange

 Material: Carbon steel

 Size: 1/2″-20″
 Surface: oiled/ galvanized

PIPE HANGER AND CLAMP

Pipe hanger and pipe clamp, known as pipe support, are designed to transfer the load from a pipe to the
supporting structures. The main functions of the pipe hanger and clamp are to anchor, absorb shock, and support a
specified load of pipeline.

TPMC provides pipe hanger and pipe clamp in UL listed/ FM approved.

Swivel hanger

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 203
 Material: Carbon steel
 Size: NPS 1/2″ to NPS 8″
 Finish: Strap is pre-galvanized Zinc/ Nut is Zinc plated
 Model No.: S13

Clevis hanger

 Certificate: UL Listed/ FM Approved

 Standard: ANSI/ UL 203
 Material: Carbon steel
 Size: NPS 1/2″ to NPS 8″
 Finish: Strap is pre-galvanized Zinc/ Nut is Zinc plated
 Model No.: S14

Steel pipe clamp

 Certificate: UL Listed
 Standard: ANSI/ UL 203
 Material: Carbon steel
 Size: NPS 1/2″ to NPS 12″
 Finish: Strap is pre-galvanized Zinc/ Nut is Zinc plated
 Model No.: S15