INA Problems-2

1. A rectangular double bottom tank 12 m long and 10 m wide is full of seawater.

Calculate the head of water above the tank top if the load due to water pressure on
the tank top is 9.6 MN. (7.96m)

2. A ballast tank is 15 m long, 12 m wide and 1.4 m deep and is filled with fresh
water. Calculate the load on the top and short side, if:
a. The tank is just completely full (0, 115.3kN)
b. There is a head of 7 m of water above the tank top. (12.36MN, 1.268MN)

3. A vertical bulkhead 9 m wide and 8 m deep has seawater on one side only to a
depth of 6m. Calculate the pressure in kN/m2 at the bottom of the bulkhead and the
load on the bulkhead. (60.34 kN/m2; 1.629 MN)

4. A bulkhead is in the form of a trapezoid 9 m wide at the deck, 5 m wide at the

bottom and 8 m deep. Find the load on the bulkhead if it has oil (rd 0.85) on one
side only:
(a) To a depth of 6 m (900.5kN)
(b) With 4 m head to the top edge. (3.559 MN)

5. The end bulkhead of an oil fuel bunker is in the form of a rectangle 10 m wide and
12 m high. Find the total load and the position of the centre of pressure relative to
the top of the bulkhead if the tank is filled with oil (rd 0.9):
a. To the top edge (6.356 MN; 8m)
b. With 3 m head to the top edge. (9.534 MN; 7.333m)

6. A dock gate 6 m wide and 5 m deep has fresh on one side to a depth of 3 m and
seawater on the other side to a depth of 4 m. Calculate the resultant load and
position of the centre of pressure. (217.6 kN; 1.740 m)

7. A triangular bulkhead is 5 m wide at the top and 7 m deep. It is loaded to a depth D

with seawater, when it is found that the load on the bulkhead is 190 kN. Find the
depth D and the distance from the top of the bulkhead to the centre of pressure.
(5.414 m; 4.293 m)

8. A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the bottom and has a vertical depth of 8 m

Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of the centre of pressure if the
bulkhead is flooded with sea water on only one side:
a. To the top edge (750.8 kN; 4m)
b. With 4 m head to the top edge. (1.877 MN; 3.2 m)

9. A ship has a constant cross-section in the form of a triangle, which floats apex
down in seawater. The ship is 85 m long, 12 m wide at the deck and has a depth
from keel to deck of 9 m. Use a Spreadsheet (e.g Microsoft excel) to draw the
displacement curve using 1.25 m intervals of draught from the keel to the 7.5 m
 waterline. From this curve obtain the displacement in fresh water at a draught of
6.50 m. (2390 tonne)

10. The water plane areas of a ship at 1.25 m intervals of draught. Commencing at the
7.5 m waterline, are 1845, 1690, 1535, 1355, and 1120 m2. Use a spreadsheet to
draw the curve of tonne per cm immersion and determine the mass, which must be
added to increase the mean draught from 6.10 m to 6.30 m. (345 tonne)

11. The length of a ship is 18 times the draught, while the breath is 2.1 times the
draught. At the load water plane, the water plane area coefficient is 0.83 and the
difference between the TPC in seawater and the TPC in fresh water is 0.7.
Determine the length of the ship and the TPC in fresh water. (170 m; 28)

12. The ½ girths of a ship 90 m long are as follows: 2.1, 6.6, 9.3, 10.5, 11.0, 11.0, 11.0,
9.9, 7.5, 3.9, and 0 m respectively. The wetted surface area of the appendages is 30
m2 and ½ % is to be added for longitudinal curvature. Calculate the wetted surface
area of the ship. (1521.22 m2)

(Girth is the length of the curved hull of the ship, which is in contact with water.
Integrating the girths over the length of the ship gives the wetted surface area or
area of the hull which is in contact with water)

13. The ½ ordinates of a water plane 120 m long are as follows:

Section AP ½ 1 1 ½ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 ½ 9 9 ½ FP
½ ord 1.2, 3.5, 5.3, 6.8, 8.0, 8.3, 8.5, 8.5, 8.5, 8.4, 8.2, 7.9, 6.2, 3.5, 0 m
Calculate:
(a) Water plane area (1716.8 m2)
(b) Distance of centroid from midships. (0.559 m forward)

14. The TPC values of a ship at 1.5 m intervals of draught, commencing at the keel, are
4.0, 6.1, 7.8, 9.1, 10.3, 11.4 and 12.0 m respectively. Calculate at a draught of 9 m:
(a) Displacement (7390 tonne)
(b) KB (5.175 m)

15. The ½ breadths of the load water plane of a ship 150 m long, commencing from aft,
are 0.3, 3.8, 6.0, 7.7, 8.3, 9.0, 8.4, 7.8, 6.9, 4.7, and 0 m respectively. Calculate:
(a) Area of water plane (1915 m2)
(b) Distance of centroid from midships (1.512 m forward)
(c) Second moment of area about a transverse axis through the centroid. (2392097 m4)
16. The displacement of a ship at draughts of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 m are 0, 189, 430, 692
and 977 tonnes. Calculate the distance of the centre of buoyancy above the keel
when floating at a draught of 4 m, given:

VCB below waterline =

Area between displacement curve and draught axis / Displacement (2.171 m)

17. The widths of a deep tank bulkhead at equal intervals of 1.2 m commencing at the
top are 8.0, 7.5, 6.5, 5.7, 4.7, 3.8 and 3.0 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and
the position of the centre of pressure, if the bulkhead is flooded to the top edge with
seawater on one side only. (1235 kN; 4.339 m)

18. A forward deep tank 12 m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ship’s
side. The widths of the tank surface measured from the longitudinal bulkhead at
regular intervals are 10, 9, 7, 4 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the
tank surface about a longitudinal axis passing through its centroid. (501.0 m4)

19. A ship160 m long has ½ ordinates of water plane of 1.6, 5.7, 8.8, 10.2, 10.5, 10.5,
10.5, 10.0, 8.0, 5.0 and 0 m respectively. Calculate the second moment of area of
the water plane about the centerline. (75155 m4)

20. The immersed cross-sectional areas of a ship 120 m long, commencing from aft, are
2, 40, 79, 100, 103, 104, 104, 103, 97, 58 and 0 m2. Calculate:
(a) Displacement (9790.8 tonne)
(b) Longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy from midship. (2.070 m
forward)

21. A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 6 m above the keel.
Find the new displacement and position of the centre of gravity when masses of
1000, 200, 5000 and 3000 tonne are added at positions 0.8, 1.0, 5.0 and 9.5 m
above the keel. (5.947 m)

22. The centre of gravity of a ship of 5000 tonne displacement is 6 m above the keel
and 1.5 m forward of midships. Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity
if 500 tonne of cargo placed in between decks 10 m above the keel and 36 m aft of
midships.

23. A ship has 300 tonne of cargo in the hold, 24 m forward of midships. The
displacement of the vessel is 6000 tonne and its centre of gravity is 1.2 m forward
of midships. Find the new position of the centre of gravity from midships if this
cargo is moved to an after hold, 40 m from midship. (1.909 m aft)

24. An oil tanker of 17000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1 m aft of
midships and has 250 tonne of oil fuel in its forward deep tank 75 m from midships.
This fuel is transferred to the after oil fuel bunker whose centre is 50 from
 midships. 200 tonne of fuel from the after bunker is now burned. Calculate the new
position of the centre of gravity from midships:
a. After the oil has been transferred (2.0 m aft)
b. After the oil has been used. (2.278 m aft)

25. A ship of 3000 tonne displacement has 500 tonne of cargo on board. This cargo is
lowered 3 m and an additional 500 tonne of cargo is taken on board 3 m vertically
above the original position of the centre of gravity. Determine the alteration in
position of the centre of gravity. ( No change)

26. A ship 10 000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 3 m above the keel.
Masses of 2000, 300 and 50 tonne are removed from positions 1.5, 4.5 and 6 m
above the keel. Find the new displacement and position of the centre of gravity
from keel. (3.313 m)

27. A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted
by a derrick whose head is 10.5 m above the centre of gravity of the cargo, and
placed in the lower hold 9 m below the deck and 14 m forward of its original
position. Calculate the shift in the vessel’s centre of gravity from its original
position when the cargo is:
(a) Just clear of the deck (0.0984 m)
(b) At the derrick head (0.0984 m)
(c) In its final position. (0.1313 m forward)

28. A ship displaces 12 000 tonne, its centre of gravity is 6.50 m above the keel and its
centre of buoyancy is 3.60 m above the keel. If the second moment of area of the
water plane about the centerline is 42.5 x 103 M4. Find the metacentric height. (0.73
m)

29. A vessel of 10 000 tonne of displacement has a second moment of area of water
plane about the centerline of 60 x103 m4. The centre of buoyancy is 2.75 m above
the keel. The following are the disposition of the masses on board the ship.
(a) 4000 tonne 6.30 m above the keel
(b) 2000 tonne 7.50 m above the keel
(c) 4000 tonne 9.15 m above the keel

Calculate the metacentric height (1.22 m)

30. A vessel of constant rectangular cross-section has a breath of 12 m and metacentric

height of one quarter of the draught. The vertical centre of gravity lies on the
waterline. Calculate the draught. (4 m)

31. An inclining experiment was carried out on a ship of 8000 tonne displacement. A
mass of 10 tonne was moved 14 m across the deck causing a pendulum 8.5 m long
to deflect 110 mm. The transverse metacentre was 7.15 m above the keel. Calculate
 the metacentric height and the height of the centre of gravity above the keel. 5.798
m)

32. An inclining experiment was carried out on a ship of 4000 tonne displacement,
when masses of 6 tonne were moved transversely through 13.5 m. The deflections
of a 7.5 m pendulum were 81, 78, 85, 83, 79, 82, 84 and 80 mm respectively.
Calculate the metacentric height. (1.863 m)

33. A ship of 12 500 tonne displacement and 15 m beam has a metacentric height of
1.10 m. A mass of 80 tonne is lifted from its position in the centre of the lower
hold by one of the ship’s derricks, placed on the quay 2 m from the ship’s side. The
ship heels to a maximum angle of 3.50 when the mass is being moved.

a. Does the GM alter during the operation? (GM is reduced to 0.994 m)

b. Calculate the height of the derrick head above the original centre of gravity of the
mass. (16.56 m)

34. A ship 125m long displaces 12,000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75m
from forward to the aft there is a change in trim by 65cm by the stern. Calculate
a. MCT1cm (115.4 tonne m)
b. The longitudinal Metacentric Height (120.2 m)
c. The distance moved by the center of gravity of the ship (0.625 m)

35. A ship 120m ling floats at draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80m aft; MCT1cm =
80 tonne m, TPC =13, LCF = 2.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new
draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is added 24m aft of midships. (Df = 5.410 m,
Da =6.075 m)

36. A ship 130m long displaces 14,000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.50 m
forward and 8.10 m aft. GML = 125 m, TPC = 18, LCF = 3 m aft of midships.
Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180 tonne lying 40 m aft of midships is
removed from the ship. (Df = 7.659 m; Da =7.764 m)

37. The draughts of a ship 90 m long are 5.80 m forward and 6.40 m aft. MCT1cm =
50 tonne m, TPC =11 and LCF = 2m aft of midships. Determine the point at which
a mass of 180 tonne should be placed from midship so that the after draught
remains unaltered and calculate the final draught forward. (7.511 m forward; Df =
6.143 m)

38. A ship 150 m long floats at draughts of 8.20m forward and 8.90 m aft. MCT1cm =
260 tonne m, TPC =28 and LCF =1.5 m aft of midships. It is necessary to bring the
vessel to an even keel and a double bottom tank with a LCG of 60m forward of
midships is available. Calculate the mass of water required and the final draughts.
(296 tonne; Df =8.663 m ; Da = 8.663 m)
 39. A ship whose length is 110m has MCT1cm =55 tonne m; TPC=9, LCF=1.5 m
forward of Midships and floats at draughts of 4.20m forward and 4.45 m aft.
Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added (Df =4.280
m; 4.787 m)

20 tonne at 40 m aft of midships

50 tonne at 23 m aft of midships
30 tonne at 2m aft of midships
40 tonne at 6m forward of midships
15 tonne at 30 m forward of midships

40. The draughts of a ship 170 m long are 6.85m forward and 7.50 m aft. MCT1cm =
300 tonne m; TPC = 28; LCF = 3.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new
draughts after the following changes in loading have taken place (Df=6.988 m;
7.477 m)

160 tonne added at 63m aft of midships

200 tonne added at 27m forward of midships
120 tonne removed at 75m aft of midships
70 tonne removed at 16m aft of midships

41. A ship 80 m long has a light displacement of 1050 tonne and LCG 4.64m aft of
midships. The following items are then added:
Cargo 2150 tonne at LCG 4.71m forward of midships
Fuel 80 tonne at LCG 32.55 m aft of midships
Water 15 tonne at LCG 32.90m aft of midships
Stores 5 tonne at LCG 33.60 m forward of midships

The following Hydrostatic particulars are available:

Draught (m) Displacement MCT1cm LCB from LCF from

(tonne) (tonne m) midships (m) Midships (m)
5.00 3533 43.10 1.00 forward 1.27 aft
4.50 3172 41.26 1.24 forward 0.84 aft

Calculate the final draughts of the loaded vessel. (Df =4.495 m; 4.850 m)